Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Utilization of Bombus terrestris as a Sweet Cherry Pollinator in Rain-sheltered Growing

생식용 체리 비가림 재배시 서양뒤영벌(Bombus terrestris L.)의 화분매개 곤충 활용

  • Kwack, Yong-Bum (Namhae Sub-Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Hong-Lim (Namhae Sub-Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Young Hah (Namhae Sub-Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jae Han (Namhae Sub-Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 곽용범 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 남해출장소) ;
  • 김홍림 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 남해출장소) ;
  • 최영하 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 남해출장소) ;
  • 이재한 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 남해출장소)
  • Received : 2012.01.04
  • Accepted : 2012.06.29
  • Published : 2012.09.30
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Abstract

In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing there are several severe problem which have to be overcome to produce highly graded fruits because of fruit rots and fruit crackings, if there is frequent precipitation during immature fruit step and picking season. In order to reduce fungicide sprayings and produce qualified fruits in areas with rainy season like as South Korea, rain-sheltered growing is necessary absolutely. Sweet cherry blooms early to medium April in southern area of South Korea. If we depend on honeybees (Apis mellifera) distributed in natural ecosystem, it is not easy to get normal fruit-set every season because of low temperature around blooming time. And also bee keepers seldom sell honeybee hives as a pollinator during spring, instead they keep honeybee hives to get honey. Recently use of B. terrestris as a pollinator of cherry tomato, oriental pumpkin etc. grown in protected cultivation system increase abundantly. Therefore, in this study we studied B. terrestris as an alternate of honeybee to pollinate sweet cherry grown in rain shelter. In part of foraging activity B. terrestris shows staying on a cherry flower for about six second and visiting frequency of 11 flowers per minute. However A. mellifera stayed about 15 second on a flower and visited 4~5 flowers per minute. There were no significant difference in fruit-setting rate and fruit characteristics after using B. terrestris and A. mellifera as pollinators of sweet cherry. Consequently there is no negative effect when we use B. terrestris as an alternate pollinator of A. mellifera in sweet cherry cultivation under rain shelter.

체리의 경우 유과기나 과실수확기에 비가 잦을 경우 각종 곰팡이에 의한 과실썩음병과 열과가 발생하여 고품질의 과실을 생산하기 어렵다. 따라서 우리나라와 같이 장마기가 있는 기후조건에서는 농약살포 횟수를 줄이고 고품질의 과실을 안정적으로 생산하기 위해서는 반드시 비가림 시설재배가 필요하다. 국내에서 체리의 개화시기는 4월 상 중순으로 개화기 저온에 의해 자연상태의 꿀벌을 통한 화분매개는 결실율이 불안정하며, 봄철에는 화분매개용 꿀벌 봉군을 구입하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 시설재배 방울토마토, 애호박 등에서 화분매개용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 서양뒤영벌을 비가림 재배 조건에서 꿀벌을 대신하여 체리에 대한 화분매개 곤충으로 이용코자 하였다. 방화활동력은 서양뒤영벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 6초 정도 머물러 분당 11개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였고, 꿀벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 15초씩 머물러 분당 4~5개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였다. 또한 결실율과 과실특성에 있어 두 벌 처리구 간에 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 따라서 비가림 체리 재배에서 개화기에 화분매개용으로 꿀벌을 대신하여 서양뒤영벌을 이용하더라도 어떠한 부정적인 영향은 없었다.

Keywords

References

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