• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제32권
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• pp.333-367
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 한국 광고에 있어서의 표현의 자유는 어느 정도 허용되는지를 살펴보고자 반 알스타인의 도식적 묘사를 통하여 광고관련 판례를 분석하였다. 즉, 광고를 표현의 일종으로 고려하는 경우 헌법적 보호를 받는 여타 다른 표현들에 비해서 어느 정도 보호를 받는가를 도식적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 분석을 통해서 기존 연구들이 발견한 사항에 대한 결과와 유사한 결과 이외에 몇 가지 사안이 추가적으로 발견되었다. 첫째, 2002년 이후의 일반적인 출판물에 의한 명예훼손 판례는 문제가 된 내용의 대상이나 또는 소송을 제기한 사람이 누구인가에 대해 고려하여 만일 제소자가 공직자 또는 명백한 공적 인물의 경우에는 언론이 좀 더 자유롭게 보도하도록 판단하는 경향을 보이고 있는데 반해 광고에서의 명예훼손의 경우에는 이러한 점에 대한 이해가 아직 나타나고 있지 않다. 둘째, 기업과 관련된 판례의 경우 일반적 판결의 경우에는 기업의 성격을 고려하여 공익성의 정도를 판단하는 반면 광고와 관련된 판례의 경우에는 아무런 고려가 없다. 셋째, 비록 광고를 언론의 자유의 영역에서 헌법적 보호를 받는다는 측면에서는 이견이 없는 것으로 보이지만 헌법적 보호 대상으로서의 표현과 개인적 인격권과의 적절한 비교형량이 이루어지고 있는가에 대해서는 불확실하다. 결과적으로 알스타인의 도식적 측면에서 한국의 광고를 살펴보면 광고에 대한 표현으로서의 헌법적 보호는 명예훼손적 표현에 대한 보호의 정도보다 낮은 정도로 나타나 미국에서의 경우와 다르지 않은 것으로 보인다. 즉, 광고에 대한 보호의 정도는 위법적 표현(예를 들어 타인에게 협박을 하는 행위)이나 음란한 표현보다는 더 높게 인식하고 있으나 일반적인 명예훼손적 표현보다는 광고에 대한 보호의 정도가 낮다고 하겠다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5067-5072
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• 2013

Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a significant role in apoptosis, cellular proliferation and motility. The aim of the present study was to analyze mutations and gene expression profiles of the PI3KCA gene to determine any role in breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 38 breast cancers for mutations in the two PIK3CA hotspots in exons 9 and 20 by direct sequencing of DNA obtained from biopsy samples. We have also analyzed expression of the PI3KCA gene in 38 breast carcinoma tumor and corresponding control tissue samples at the mRNA level by RT-PCR. The Fisher's exact test ($2{\times}2$ only) was performed using MedCalc software for to examine associations with mRNA levels. Results: In the present study a total of 13 cases demonstrated somatic mutations. In 9/13 cases 1633 G>A (E545K) were found in exon 9, whereas in exon 20, 4/13 cases had 3140A>G mutation. Our combined analysis showed PI3KCA mutations present in 34% of human breast cancer patients. In our study, we have also clearly found significantly higher expression in breast cancer tissues in comparison with control tissues (p=0.001). Conclusions: PIK3CA mutation is an emerging tumor marker that, in the future, might be used in the process of choosing a treatment. The detection of PI3KCA mutation might have important clinical implications for diagnosis, progression and therapy.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

Despite its relatively small size, at least compared to other architectural programs, the house figures large in the cultural imagination. Closely identified with the individual and nuclear family, it has been frequently considered as an expression of widely held, even universal, values. Conversely, the private house has also been emblematic of more subjective desires, that change not only from person to person but from generation to generation. Certain conclusions can be drawn about the status of the private house at the end of the century, both as cultural invention and as a product of the autonomous discipline of architecture. The contemporary loftlike living space is similarly associated with work, given its emergence as an alternative home for individuals wanting space in which to live and work. In the case of what might be called the "un-private house", it is ofen a digital presence and the change of family system. This study was conducted to define the un-private house through public/private. The architectural characteristics of un-private house are as follows; 1) Alternatives- large open space with multiple function and collective free plan 2) Dematerialization- steel and glass with visual openness and ambiguity 3) Digital & Interfaces- fold and screen using technology and program. Especially, the un-private house is designed to provide individuals with emotional, superficial, and synergistic space, focusing on the personal life-style.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2004

This study attempts to clarify inter-relationship between design expression in the surface of contemporary multi-family housing and physical trends in this digital age. The study examines characteristics of housing design influenced from new digital technology in the forms of metaphor such as dematerialization, fluidity and mobility. Currently constructed multi-family housing in Europe after 1990 has been analyzed to find digital reflections in the surfaces. As a conclusion, findings are as follows; In this digital age, a house is considered as a base in the forms of boxes and containers to network to outer worlds. In a complex of multi-family housing, public spaces move to the inside and become parts of private domain. Therefore, a house directly faces a street/outer world without transitional areas and devices. The facades of housing become delicate skins to control private domain in the inside and the world in the outside. In this digital age, the surfaces of housing are designed by ways of wrapping and screening. Printing and mapping methods are used to surface design because they are manipulative and flexible methods in design like graphic design. Screening devices using louvers and shutters are powerful tools to make random and unpredictable images. If units of a louver and a shutter were pixels, a whole surface would be a digital screen. In such assumption, the facade of buildings reflects digital screen to interface while the louvers in operation reflect clicking to network. As a conclusion, design expression in surfaces in-between of multi-family housing is a metaphor of digital mechanism.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.568-574
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• 2018

이 연구는 충청지역 국 공립종합병원과 민간종합병원 근로자를 대상으로 감정노동의 인식정도를 살펴보고, 아울러 국 공립과 민간종합병원 근로자의 인식차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 국 공립종합병원 근로자와 민간종합병원 근로자들을 구분하여 감정노동이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 향후 병원 근로자의 감정노동을 완화시키기 위한 이론적 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 국 공립종합병원 근로자들로 한정하여, 병원 근로자들의 감정노동이 병원 근로자들의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향관계는 감정표현 빈도의 경우에는 많아질수록 조직몰입이 높아졌으나, 감정표현 주의정도, 감정부조화는 깊어질수록 병원 근로자들의 조직몰입 정도는 낮아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 민간종합병원 근로자들로 한정하여, 병원 근로자들의 감정노동이 병원 근로자들의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향관계는 감정표현에 주의를 더 기울일수록 조직몰입이 오히려 잘되는 것으로 확인되었으나, 감정부조화의 경우에는 감정부조화가 더 깊어질수록 민간종합병원 근로자들의 조직몰입이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 병원 근무형태에 따라 감정노동에 대한 병원 근로자의 인식 차이에서 감정표현의 빈도는 민간종합병원 근로자들에 비해 국 공립종합병원 근로자들이 감정표현의 빈도가 더 많은 것으로 확인되었으나, 감정표현의 다양성에서는 국 공립병원 근로자들에 비해 민간종합병원 근로자들이 더 감정표현을 다양하게 구사하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 병원 근무형태에 따른 병원 근로자들의 조직몰입 인식 차이는 민간종합병원 근로자들에 비해 국 공립종합병원 근로자들이 조직몰입이 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 기존 C++ 컴파일러에서 검출하지 못하는 클래스 멤버의 접근성을 위반하는 연산을 정의한다. C++에서는 접근 지정자로 클래스 멤버의 접근성을 선언하도록 하고 있다. 접근 지정자 중에서 private과 protected는 객체 외부에서 접근할 수 없는 멤버 지정을 위해서 사용된다. 그러나 C++ 의 포인터 연산을 이용하면 객체 외부에서 private이나 protected 접근성을 가지는 멤버로 직접 접근 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 멤버 접근성을 위반하는 연산의 원인과 사례를 보이고 이를 정형적으로 정의한다. 본 논문의 공헌은 기존에 다루어지지 않은 문제인 멤버의 접근성을 위반하는 연산을 정의하는 것이다.

• 한일민족문제연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.215-275
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• 2017

In the absence of the alternative public space of women in Japan, the experience of the "Bongseonhwa" was interpreted as the public domain of Japanese society as a public domain, a confession that focused on gender discrimination in the patriarchal system of Japan, Most of the enemy discourse is. These alienated discourses are the product of the efforts of women in Japan who do not want to forget about the traces and memories that can not be incorporated into the big narrative. It can not be denied that the women in the society of Japan have been excessively excluded and alienated by national ideology and patriarchal ideology. The meaning of presenting them through "Bongsinghwa" is the resistance of the minority, and it is the expression way of reconstructing and strengthening the identity of the women, and it is said to be a space of symbolic meaning. It is further clarified that it is based on a narrative that creates a new life area for coexistence with Japanese society, on the other hand, by constantly searching for the linkage with the motherland, held by women in Japan. As a result, between public social phenomena and private living space, confirmed that it conflicts with repetitive internal contradiction of controlling power and confirmed that complicated and detailed material of women living in Japan who undergo double discrimination What has been expressed over a period is considered to be a resistance expression and a will of expression of reconciliation to coexist with Japanese society. I have attempted to analyze the confessed alienated discourse of "Bongsinghwa" by classifying it as . As a result, it is confirmed that the public social phenomenon and the private life space are confronted with the repetitive internal contradictions of the power of domination, and the expression of the complex and detailed material of the discriminated women in Japan over a long period of time is a resistance to symbiosis with Japanese society And the will of the conversation.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2015

Recently, the demand for three-dimensional spatial information has continuously been increasing, and especially, studies of indoor/outdoor spatial information or data construction have actively been conducted. However, utilization of spatial information does not universally spread to the private sector, but it is mostly used for the government offices. Thus, this study deals with the creation of three-dimensional right objects and the technique of expression to further vitalize the private sector, three-dimensional right objects, aiming to create and express three-dimensional right spaces in a particular system or open platform more conveniently. Unlike a plane text or apartment building used in existing maps was iconified and displayed simply, this study proposes a method of extracting data from the outer border of the building by the relevant level based on the existing structured three-dimensional building, a method of providing two-dimensional right spatial objects in XML, and expressing them as three-dimensional right objects efficiently. In addition, this study will discuss a method of creating right objects in a way in which an owner who was provided with a cross section of a building involves the direct detailed right objects in additional production or reproduction to utilize three-dimensional data (right objects) produced through this study.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2000

This study investigated the effects of writing activity integrated with verbal sharing on the diversity of vocabulary and complexity of expression in 33 five-year-old children attending a private kindergarten in Seoul. Subjects were divided into a control group of 16 children and an experimental group of 17 children. The experimental group participated in a 7 week program of writing activities integrated with verbal sharing time. The instrument used for the pre-and post-tests was the writing ability test(Nam Mi Jung, 1996) and the complexity of sentences test(Young Hee No, 1994). Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. The results revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in children's diversity of vocabulary and complexity of expression.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of traditional fairy tales verbal expression education on 3-year-old children's social skills. The subjects of this study were 50 3-year-old children at four different private daycare centers in the Kyungnam province. 25 preschoolers were selected as an experimental group, and the others were selected as a control group. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS by t- test, MANOVA and ANOVA. The findings of the study were as follows: First, differences between the experimental group and the control group in social skills were significant. There were differences between the experimental group and the control group in problem solving and self-confidence. There was no difference in emotional expression and sense of order. Second, the Cohen's effect size shows that traditional fairy tales verbal expression education effects children's problem solving and self-confidence.