• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the differences in the association of intellectual capital with organizational effectiveness of nursing organizations between public and private hospitals. Methods : A total of 166 nurses (82 of public hospital and 84 of private hospital) were recruited for the survey. Nurses' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intellectual capital, sociodemographics, work-related factors, and health status were measured. Results : Nurses of public hospitals reported significantly higher scores in human capital, customer capital, job satisfaction, emotional engagement, and transactional commitments than did those of the private hospital. Human capital private and structural capital were significantly associated with nurses' job satisfaction in both public and private hospitals. Customer capital was positively associated with the emotional and transactional commitment in the public hospital, while, structural capital was associated with transactional and normative commitment in the private hospital. Conclusions : We could confirm that the nurses' intellectual capital is important the effectiveness of nursing organizations in both public and private hospitals.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2022

The study aimed to assess the availability of intellectual capital in Kuwaiti private universities in terms of its three dimensions (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital), as well as its role in crisis management (crisis preparedness, crisis mitigation, confrontation, and response to the crisis, and learning from the crisis) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Members of the boards of trustees, university presidents, their deputies, and deans of the colleges were chosen as respondents to this study from a sample of (8) private universities in Kuwait, with the sampling unit consisting of leaders in these universities. The study revealed that all dimensions of intellectual capital play a statistically significant impact in executing crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic at Kuwaiti private universities after conducting the data analysis process. The study concluded that universities should pay attention to intellectual capital in all its dimensions (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) because of its role in improving their ability to implement crisis management strategies and strive to improve their capabilities to face crises by implementing crisis management strategies.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 2016

There has been a surge of interest in private equity as an alternative corporate restructuring scheme to complement the current institutional forms such as workouts and court receivership. By empirically examining whether private equity in Korea can improve investee companies, we find that while private equity in Korea did not sacrifice the long-term growth potential of investee firms, it did not improve their profitability (e.g. ROA, ROE, and ROS) or growth (e.g. sales growth) either. Both the negative correlation between business performance and firm age and our empirical results showing that young firms were favored by private equity for investment imply that Korean private equity may perform as growth capital, similar to venture capital rather than as buyouts for corporate restructuring.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.391-423
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• 2016

By examining the relationship between private credit growth and the possibility of credit risk while focusing on international capital in 21 countries over the period 2000:1Q-2015:2Q, this paper shows that the impact of private credit growth on credit risk is apparent under the high ratio of capital inflows, and its impact on credit risk in the seven Asian countries is even stronger. And the possibility of credit risk caused by private credit is mainly coming from portfolio inflows rather than direct inflows. Finally, portfolio inflows strengthen the positive relationship between credit excess and credit risk in Asian countries, and this trend is seen more in these after the global financial crisis. Taken together, the stronger positive relationship between credit excess and credit risk can be strengthen under the massive portfolio inflows in particular in the seven Asian countries such as Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.195-210
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• 2020

This study describes the structure of the capital markets for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startup companies in Korea, which is an emerging market that has experienced drastic changes. The overall capital market can be divided into private and public capital markets. In the private capital market, most of the demand for capital comes from non-listed private firms, including startups and SMEs. In the case of SMEs and startups, the KOSDAQ, the Korea New Exchange (KONEX), and primary collateralized bond obligations (P-CBOs) are part of the public capital market. SMEs and startups are generally incapable of raising sufficient capital owing to their low credit ratings, and they largely have limited access to primary markets to issue shares and borrow money. The Korean government has developed a systematic financial aid program to provide funds to these companies. The fund for SMEs has significantly contributed to the development of the venture capital market. Many Korean banks provide substantial lending to SMEs, but this lending is available only because of the Korean government's loan recovery guarantee. Furthermore, SMEs can issue corporate debt in the form of primary collateralized bond obligations through government guarantees, but such debt issuances have placed increasing pressure on public guarantee institutions.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-174
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• 2006

In the past, because Korean private venture capital firms could get government support and subsidies, they could be survived in the market without having required management capabilities, advanced venture investment techniques, and professional supporting agencies and institutions. However, business environments have changed a lot recently. Now, only through identifying the optimal financial structures(the ratio of debt to equity), Korean private venture capital firms can minimize investment risks and ensure higher profits. Since Modigliani and Miller(1958) criticized the existence of the optimal financial structure, there have been numerous studies on the optimal financial structure of firms. However, there is no empirical study investigating the financial structure of venture capital firms. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between firm characteristics, financial security indies, and financial profit indices of korean private venture capital firms. We gathered the data from various sources, including the web pages and the financial statements for 2003 and 2004. By using the student's t-test and the correlation analysis, we showed that there are differences in the current ratio and the ratio of net profit to net sales between new and old korean private venture capital firms. Even though it is known that korean private venture capital firms does not have enough knowledge and investment technique to compete with global venture capital firms, our result show that old korean private venture capital firms have already built some knowledge and understanding of venture capital investing.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.51
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• pp.127-149
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital on job attitudes. For this purpose, the private security guards who were working at private security companies in Gyeonggi province from September to October, 2016 were selected as the population and the convenience sampling method was used for 310 persons. A total of 295 copies of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis, except for 15 questions that were answered in appropriately or were partially missing. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results are as follows. First, the positive psychological capital of the private security guard has a positive(+) effect on job satisfaction. Second, the positive psychological capital of the private security guard has a positive(+) effect on job commitment. Third, job satisfaction of the private security guards has a positive(+) effect on job commitment. Fourth, job satisfaction is partly mediated in the relationship between positive psychological capital and job commitment. In summary, the positive psychological capital of the private security guard is an important variable that positively affects job satisfaction and job commitment, and the higher the job satisfaction of the private security guard, the higher the commitment to the job.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.509-519
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• 2007

Private financing is playing an increasing role in public infrastructure construction projects worldwide. However, private investors/operators are exposed to the financial risk of low profitability due to the inaccurate estimation of facility demand, operation income, maintenance costs, etc. From the operator's perspective, a sound and thorough financial feasibility study is required to establish the appropriate capital structure of a project. Operators tend to reduce the equity amount to minimize the level of risk exposure, while creditors persist to raise it, in an attempt to secure a sufficient level of financial involvement from the operators. Therefore, it is important for creditors and operators to reach an agreement for a balanced capital structure that synthetically considers both profitability and repayment capacity. This paper presents an optimal capital structure model for successful private infrastructure investment. This model finds the optimized point where the profitability is balanced with the repayment capacity, with the use of the concept of utility function and multi-objective GA (Generic Algorithm)-based optimization. A case study is presented to show the validity of the model and its verification. The research conclusions provide a proper capital structure for privately-financed infrastructure projects through a proposed multi-objective model.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.165-195
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• 2013

Today, the importance of social capital is emphasized in modern industry as the third capital. Social capital involves "trust and norms for members" and "social network" related to effective human resource management, which is being investigated actively by many researchers. However, It is difficult to see the report on the social capital of private security industry employees. So, this report suggests effective management practices of employees through the empirical analysis on the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction with a focus on the role of mediation for job characteristics. For the most, this research through analysis on relationship between social capital and job satisfaction shows that of the components of social capital, trust and networks influence effect on job satisfaction significantly. Secondly, as result of analysis on role of mediation for job satisfaction, importance of job involved in job characteristics has an effect of mediation. This result of empirical analysis menas that the pressure of private security industry employees is reduced and cooperation which is based on social capital is need through members' trust and social network. Therefore, the strategy of management about private security industry employees should be considered for both activation of social capital and maintenance.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-152
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to analyze middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement. Specifically, this study surveyed the relation between human capital investment for children and the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement and investigated factors influencing financial preparation for retirement. Data were obtained from the 3rd Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) in 2009, and a sample of 757 households was selected. The statistical methods were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the percentile of preparation for living costs for old age was 49.9% for the middle-aged households. In terms of the types of preparation for living costs for old age, the results showed 61.6% of personal preparation, 33.9% of pension system, and 1.3% for children and relatives. In relation to the adequacy of the preparations for living costs for old age, preparations made by 57.4% of the middle-aged households were inadequate. Observing the minimum living costs for old age and adequate living costs after retirement for single and couple, the minimum living costs of the middle-aged households was 1.46 million won for couple and 0.91 million won for single. The adequate living costs for old age was 2.07 million won for couple and 1.34 million won for single. Second, there were 757 households with total education expenditure. Of these, 208 incurred annual expenditure on public education, and the annual expenditure for public education was 7.28 million won. There were 170 households with annual expenditure for private education, and the annual expenditure for private education was 2.50 million won. 243 households of middle-aged households had annual expenditure for human capital investment, including both public and private education, with annual expenditure for human capital investment for children of 7.82 million won. Furthermore, in the human capital investment factor, there was a difference in the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement according to their annual expenditure for human capital investment including both public and private education. In addition, there was a difference in financial preparation for retirement based on their public education expenditure. Third, in the logistic regression model 1, which included human capital investment, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and human capital investment. In the logistic regression model 2, which included annual expenditure for public education and annual expenditure for private education, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and annual expenditure for public education.