• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1457-1469
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• 2017

Private education expenses is one of the key issues in Korea and there have been many discussions about it. Academically, most of previous researches for private education expenses have used multiple regression linear model based on ordinary least squares (OLS) method. However, if the data do not satisfy the basic assumptions of the OLS method such as the normality and homoscedasticity, there is a problem with the reliability of estimations of parameters. In this case, quantile regression model is preferred to OLS model since it does not depend on the assumptions of nonnormality and heteroscedasticity for the data. In the present study, the data from a survey on private education expenses, conducted by Statistics Korea in 2015 has been analyzed for investigation of the impacting factors for private education expenses. Since the data do not satisfy the OLS assumptions, quantile regression model has been employed in Bayesian approach by using gibbs sampling method. The analysis results show that the gender of the student, parent's age, and the time and cost of participating after school are not significant. Household income is positively significant in proportion to the same size for all levels (quantiles) of private education expenses. Spending on private education in Seoul is higher than other regions and the regional difference grows as private education expenditure increases. Total time for private education and student's achievement have positive effect on the lower quantiles than the higher quantiles. Education level of father is positively significant for midium-high quantiles only, but education level of mother is for all but low quantiles. Participating after school is positively significant for the lower quantiles but EBS textbook cost is positively significant for the higher quantiles.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze expenditure on children's private, after-school education, perceptional need for private education, and budget planning pattern for the expenditure of education applying survey data, and to investigate current situation to Identify solving planning for digital age. taking on-line educational service system and internet financial planning for children's educational expenditure into account. Under the purposes, this study especially focused on the condition of on-line educational service system and the merits as well as problems of the system, the need for household financial planning for children's education, and the condition or nature of internet financial planning system, in terms of providing market information and of suggesting policy implications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 1998

This paper is to find out a possibility that, adapting article 81 of regional finacing law, the community develops community facilities such as gymnagiums, swimming pools, and parking facilities in school site. The study requires an agreement about managements between the mayor and the superintendent of education. This paper also surveys community's needs with respect to use of school facilities before and after class, willingness to pay for the school use, and use of school facilities by private institutions. This paper adopts two experimental case studies to find a feasibility of community building construction in school sites. It also adopts dscriptive analysis of the statistics to find out the degree of willingness to use by community people. It is found, first, that regional finacing law permits community facilities' development in school sites and an agreement between the mayor and the superintendent of education about usage and profits should be made by the rate of construction fee and land cost. The second is that 65.8% of community people want to use school facilities such as gymnasium and school ground. And favorite series of physical exercise is swimming, baminton, tennis in order. The third is that 66.4% of community people have willingness to pay for the use of school facilities. The fourth is that school facilities such as class room, special class room, and computer room can be used by private institutions. 75% of community people agree to use school facilities by the private institutions. Favorite series on these are classes for reviewing the lessons, language classes, classes for playing musical instruments in order.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.176-186
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• 2019

In this study, we tried to understand the effect and satisfaction of education perception on beauty education and its effect on Intention to Retrain, and to understand the correlation between each intention among students participating in after-school beauty education programs of beauty specialized high schools. According to the survey, those surveyed chose after-school beauty programs because they were likely to have the right interest and aptitude, and confirmed positive responses that after-school beauty education reduced the burden of private education. In addition, the correlation between the recognition and effectiveness of beauty education, satisfaction level and retraining level of those surveyed was confirmed. Based on this data in the future, it is believed that effective operation of the after-school beauty education program will be needed to enhance the quality and satisfaction of beauty education.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.91-121
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• 2009

Utilizing the fact that student allocation to private or public high schools in Korea is done randomly within a given school district, this study conducted a natural experiment, free from selection bias, to analyze whether private schools are more effective than public schools in terms of enhancing students' academic performance. After analyzing a model that controls the fixed effects of school districts, it was found that private schools do not have a statistically significant impact compared to public schools with respect to improving academic records. Nevertheless, the private school effect has shown a positive value equivalent to 0.13 standard deviation for female students at the highest academic levels.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.381-394
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop the elementary 'after school' smart music education program using smart devices in connection with elementary school curriculum of 2015 music and education. The research method was based on the data related to the after school education program and the music-related contents of the current elementary school curriculum. And a smart music education program was developed by applying the contents of elementary school music curriculum to practical music using smart devices. The study result suggests three programs with 16 times. Through this program, we can expect diverse, systematic and continuous music education rather than one-sided or one-off music education which are provided by the existing public education courses. Through the field experience, students will be able to directly experience arts and cultures as well as to awaken their potential artistry and creativity. In addition, it is expected that it will help to reduce the economic burden by reducing the burden of private education expenses through the after school program and to realize the qualitative growth of music education in schools.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.323-340
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• 2007

This study set out to analyze the learning types that most students were engaged in after school, to review the efficiency of private education through academic institutions or tutoring, and to examine the directions in the after-school learning in math under the current system. It also aimed to analyze the impacts of those after-school learning activities on school classes and to suggest some plans to help public education get back on the track. In the study the after-school learning activities in the math subject were categorized into taking classes at academic institutions, tutoring, and autonomous learning. The grades of the subject students were compared and analyzed for three semesters to find the directions right for the school classes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.695-705
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• 2016

Recently, the status of public education has fallen and instead, the fever of private education has caused various social problem. Because of this private education, the polarization of education has become more serious. Under this circumstances, this study has focused on the effect of NIE (Newspaper in Education) which is expected to bring about some positive educational results. In foreign countries such as North America and European countries, NIE has already been introduced to schools. The educational effects of NIE has also been recognized. Korea also accepted NIE and expect positive educational effects. Therefore, the experimental study has been performed to prove the educational effect of NIE. Both for the middle school students and high school students, experimental group and control group were divided. After that, with the same study plan, experimental group studied with NIE method and control group studied with regular method. The results revealed that NIE method was effective to raise test scores. However, the subject interest and study attitude were not found to be related with the study methods. Implications were discussed.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2022

Purpose - As new technologies that have led the 4th industrial revolution spread after the COVID-19 pandemic, the business crisis of existing financial institutions and the threat of employee jobs are growing, especially in the financial sector. The purpose of this study is to propose a human-technology convergence curriculum for creating high value-added in financial institutions and upskilling financial manpower. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, a curriculum was designed to strengthen job competency for Private Bankers, high-quality employees of a bank dealing with high-net-worth owners. The focus of the design is that learners acquire skills to use robo-advisors as a tool and supplement artificial intelligence ethics. Result - The curriculum is organized into a total of 16 classes, and the main contents are changes in the financial environment and financial consumers, the core technology of robo-advisors and AI ethics, and establishment and evaluation of hyper-personalized asset management strategies using robo-advisors. To achieve the educational goal, two evaluations are performed to derive individual tasks and team project results. Conclusion - Human-centered upskilling convergence education will contribute to improving employee value and expanding corporate high value-added business areas by utilizing new technologies as tools. It is expected that the development and application of convergence curriculum in various fields will continue to be advanced in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.492-512
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• 2002

The daily life activities of primary school children have been increasingly diversified. This research examined the spatio-temporal characteristics of primary school children's daily life activities. The time allocation of primary school children's daily activities was monotonous. They tended to spend most of their time in school activities, private lessons after school, and studying at home. The daily trip to school has been diversified as the result the of increase in the number of double-income families, car owners, facilities for pastime, and educational facilities for private lessons after school. The selection of educational facilities for private lessons was strongly influenced by accessibility to the residence because of the limited time budget of primary school children and the controlled trip behavior by parents. The leisure activities were considered as a minor function and took place in the interval of performances of study-related activities. The high proportion of leisure activities was found in the indoor play. The amount of the time for leisure activity was very insufficient. The spatial range and time budget were strongly influenced by the institutional conditions of parents.