• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1017-1028
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to develop an Integrated Water Resources Evaluation Index (IWREI) which can used to assess the performance of water resources projects in a regional perspective focusing on three major sectors including water use, flood, and river environment in water resources policies. The IWREI is estimated by integrating the Water Use Vulnerability Index (WUVI), the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), and the River Environment Vulnerability Index (REVI) which represent the vulnerability in each sector. These indices consist of total 26 indicators selected from the pressure indicators representing the causes of damages in water use, flood, and river environment, the state indicators and the response indicators. The estimated index describes the vulnerability and effectiveness of policies with five levels: Low, Medium Low, Medium, Medium High, and High. The results of evaluating total 115 hydrological units in Korea using the WUVI, FVI, REVI, and IWREI indicate that the project effectiveness in water resources policies is clearly verified by the improved index results compared to the past (early 1990s). Regional vulnerability and evaluation indices developed in this research could be used to establish goals of water resources policy and to select priority regions for project implementation.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.286-299
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• 2016

The increase of elderly population is inevitable a universal trend in developed countries. The Korea also followed this tendency. Especially the elderly population in Korea has been rapidly increasing since the 1990s. The rural population is aging more rapidly than the urban one because younger generations move into the urban area, due to better jobs and children education's opportunities. However, the majority of studies on population ageing are focused on the urban area rather than the rural ones. Rural areas also have been excluded as a priority of the national welfare policy for the elderly people. This paper tries to analyze the population ageing among regions and to identify the regional disparity between the elderly people and the level of public services in the rural area. Based upon these results, this study notes some policy alternatives for the improvement of quality of life of the rural elderly. It also suggests on the suitable location of public service facilities in the rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.313-350
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• 2010

This article studies criticism leveled at Yulgok scholarship by the Toegye School in the northern Gyungbuk region. The Toegye School (Yulgok School) was formed both by theoretical contention and constructive criticism with its counterparts. Accordingly, the main intellectual traits of the Toegye School may not be fully appreciated by inquiring into its theoretical structure and context only; rather, this study proposes that a sound understanding of the Toegye School must be accompanied simultaneously with an analysis on aspects of the altercation with the Yulgok School of the time. In this regard, this article primarily aims to shed light on the Toegye School's theoretical context through surveying the criticism leveled by the Toegye School in the northern Gyungbuk region, which hold steadfast adherents to the discipline among other regions, against the Yulgok scholarship. Embracing the Confucian ethic, the philosophical principles of the Toegye School based on autonomy of 'Li'(理), i.e. ethical objectivism, basically aimed at reaching the state of self-manifestation. Namely, the main objective of the Toegye School was to anchor the way how the school understood existential form and cause of the universe to an ethical foundation in a crystal clear way and, accordingly, this belief in which the Toegye School gave a priority to 'Li' rather than 'Gi'(氣) must have given an advantageous position in terms of theoretical clarity over its counterparts. Furthermore, the crux of the Confucian ethical world view in the Toegye School's modes of inquiry could berevealed by the Toegye's 'Libal(理發)-theory'. From this point of view, the fundamental criticism that could be waged by the Toegye School was against Yulgok scholarship's gross misconception of perceiving 'Gi' as 'Li.' Scholars and commentators in the Toegye School severely disapproved of the possibility of ethical objectivism of Yulgok scholarship.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.461-471
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• 2018

In this study, the deforestation and forest degradation areas have been obtained in Myanmar using a land cover lamp (LCM) and a tree cover map (TCM) to get the $CO_2$ potential reduction and the strength of occurrence was evaluated by using the geostatistical technique. By applying a multiple criteria decision-making method to the regions having high strength of occurrence for the $CO_2$ potential reduction for the deforestation and forest degradation areas, the priority was selected for candidate lands for REDD+ project. The areas of deforestation and forest degradation were 609,690ha and 43,515ha each from 2010 to 2015. By township, Mong Kung had the highest among the area of deforestation with 3,069ha while Thlangtlang had the highest in the area of forest degradation with 9,213 ha. The number of $CO_2$ potential reduction hotspot areas among the deforestation areas was 15, taking up the $CO_2$ potential reduction of 192,000 ton in average, which is 6 times higher than that of all target areas. Especially, the township of Hsipaw inside the Shan region had a $CO_2$ potential reduction of about 772,000 tons, the largest reduction potential among the hotpot areas. There were many $CO_2$ potential reduction hot spot areas among the forest degradation area in the eastern part of the target region and has the $CO_2$ potential reduction of 1,164,000 tons, which was 27 times higher than that of the total area. AHP importance analysis showed that the topographic characteristic was 0.41 (0.40 for height from surface, 0.29 for the slope and 0.31 for the distance from water area) while the geographical characteristic was 0.59 (0.56 for the distance from road, 0.56 for the distance from settlement area and 0.19 for the distance from Capital). Yawunghwe, Kalaw, and Hsi Hseng were selected as the preferred locations for the REDD+ candidate region for the deforestation area while Einme, Tiddim, and Falam were selected as the preferred locations for the forest degradation area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.49-99
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• 2021

Gwangdeoksan Mountain (699.3 m) is the highest border mountain between the two cities of Chungcheongnamdo Province, Cheonan and Asan, Korea. In this study, we investigated the flora of Gwangdeoksan Mt. from April of 2015 to October of 2017. Through 20 independent field investigations, we identified and tallied a total of 428 species, 9 subspecies, 30 varieties, and a forma in 287 genera and 97 families. Of a total of 468 taxa, 128 taxa in 112 genera and 58 families were found to be Korean endemic species (7 taxa), floristic regional indicator species (45 taxa), rare or endangered species (3 taxa), species subject to the approval of outbound transfer (73 taxa), and alien or ecosystem disturbing species (32 taxa). The flora of Gwangdeoksan Mt. can be divided into four distinct floristic subregions, with higher diversity in the north-facing subregion. The complex flora of Gwangdeoksan Mt., emerging at the edge of two floristic regions of the Korean peninsula, may represent a significant conservation priority and a topic for future ecological and geographical studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2021

Recently, there is becoming larger interest in the public practice centers equipped with advanced manufacturing equipment of industries that is difficult to have in all vocational high schools for strengthening practical education and technical education tailored to the Fourth Industrial Revolution in vocational high schools. In this study, using spatial optimization approaches, we explored the optimal location sets of the public practice centers of vocational high schools in Seoul for an illustration. For the proposed optimial location methods, P-median Problem (PMP) and Maximal Coverage Location (MCLP) were used because, when the public practice centers located in priority of large vocational high schools based on the number of students, it showed that the result is not minimizing the travel distance and maximizing the demand of the vocational high school students. This study found that the PMP can find the optimal location sets that minimize the travel distance of whole students. In addition, all students can be captured through locating five public practice centers by MCLP. It should be noted that the optimal locations of this study are limited in Seoul. However, the frame of this methodology applied in this study can be utilized to locate the public practice centers in other regions based on the spatial decision making.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.717-733
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• 2021

This study is aimed to provide basic data to set the direction of polar literacy education and to raise awareness of the importance of polar research. Elementary, middle, and high school students' perception of the polar region was examined in terms of current status of polar information, impression regarding polar regions, and awareness of related issues. The study included 975 students from nine elementary, middle, and high schools, who responded to 16 questions, including close-ended and open-ended items. The results suggest that students had more experiences regarding the polar region on audiovisual media, but relatively limited learning experiences in school education. The impression they had of the polar region was confined to the monotonous image of a polar bear in crisis, following the melting of the glacier due to global warming. The students formed powerful images by combining scenes they saw in audiovisual media with emotions. In terms of recognizing problems in the polar region, the students were generally interested in creatures, natural environment, and climate change, but their interests varied depending on their school level and their own career path. The students highly valued the scientist's status as agents to address the problems facing the region, and gave priority to global citizenship values rather than practical standards. Based on the results, we suggest the following: introducing and systematizing content focusing on the polar region in the school curriculum, providing a differentiated learning experience through cooperation between scientists and educators, establishing polar literacy based on concepts that are relevant to various subjects, earth system-centered learning approach, setting the direction for follow-up studies and the need for science education that incorporates diverse values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.571-585
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• 2021

Various studies have analyzed urban decline at a universal level using the general characteristics of declining cities. However, urban decline at the city level should be considered because this decay occurs based on the unique attributes of a particular city. In addition, since this phenomenon occurs and spreads in microspaces, studies should consider smaller spatial units continuously. This study aims to develop an urban decline measurement model that considers regional characteristics to analyze the urban decline of Ulsan Metropolitan City over time and space. The index value of Ulsan, compared to the national average, is calculated and reflected in the weight to reflect regional characteristics in the model. In addition, after analyzing urban decline by administrative dong units, we also performed analysis by counting district units using spatial hierarchical structure to demonstrate evaluation on smaller unit spaces. As a result of analyzing urban decline patterns by associating the index calculated using the model with the social phenomenon of Ulsan Metropolitan City, urban decline formed clusters and spread to adjacent regions over time. In addition, results confirmed that external factors such as new towns and urban regeneration projects affect urban decline. By illustrating the degree of urban decline proposed measurement model used in this study, it is possible to present the priority of areas required for urban regeneration projects. Results are also helpful to test the effectiveness of completed or presently-implemented urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 2021

Yeosu Gwangyang Port, along with Busan Port, Incheon Port, Ulsan Port, and Pyeongtaek Dangjin Port, serves as Korea's top five ports for trade on the southern coast. It is the second largest port in Korea after Busan Port, and the largest port in terms of import and export volume. Yeosu Chemical Industrial Complex, the world's largest chemical industrial complex, has continued to grow rapidly, but recently, the increase in volume has been decreasing. Therefore, this study sought to find major development strategies for the development of Yeosu Gwangyang Port and to derive the priorities of the strategies. To this end, the development strategy of Yeosu Gwangyang Port was divided into three major categories: operation revitalization, infrastructure construction, and policy support using the AHP analysis technique and analyzed again in two aspects: short, medium, and long term. As a result of the analysis, 'integrated operation of container docks and strengthening competitiveness' were considered the most important in short- and medium-term policies. It is believed that it will be necessary to integrate container operators, establish routes in preparation for entry of super-large ships, and install large cranes. In the long-term policy, the most important thing was to foster high value-added industries based on local industries. It is believed that strategies are needed to attract companies from outside regions through the settlement support system. The results of this study are expected to be used to establish development strategies for Yeosu Gwangyang Port and to establish investment priorities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.80-96
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• 2023

The expansion of human activities and road development has led to the loss and fragmentation of ecological spaces, which is a negative factor for biodiversity. In particular, urban areas where land use and land cover have rapidly changed into urbanization zones are regions where ecological spaces are lost and isolated, making it difficult for wildlife to inhabit. Furthermore, the loss and fragmentation of ecological spaces due to urbanization can have a negative impact on ecosystem services. Therefore, to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban and national land, it is necessary to establish a practical ecological axis that reflects the current status of the city. Thus, this study analyzed the connectivity of ecological spaces and forest axis that can be used for spatial planning related to urban ecological axis of local governments in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The ecological connectivity was analyzed by dividing the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region into 31 local government units, distinguishing between forests and natural areas using land cover data. Subsequently, the study area was divided into 20,483 hexagonal grids of 1 square kilometer each, and the restoration effects for ecological fragmentation within 100 meters were spatially clustered to visualize priority restoration areas. The forest axis was derived by considering regional conditions such as land cover, building area, slope, and others to connect 1,534 forests of 100 hectares or more. The research results are expected to be used as fundamental data for spatial planning, goal setting, and the selection of restoration areas for improving ecological connectivity.