• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-26
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• 1990

Encouraged by the investment in the rice paddy, the introduction of new varieties (Tong-Il), and the price support program, there has been great success in increasing rice production. Meanwhile, the demand for rice has decreased rapidly as per capita income continues to rise. Rice self-sufficiency has been attained, and a new over-supply problem is emerging. Moreover, the Uruguay Round Agricultural Negotiation would prohibit government price support for agricultural products. In October the Korean government decides the government purchase amount and support price, which works as the price guideline. All interested parties exert political efforts to influence the decision. The continued increase of the government purchase price of rice due to political pressure pushed the government purchase price above the market wholesale price in 1988. Also, the farmers preferred to sell to the government than to the wholesaler. This has discouraged the market mechanism, and the government is to take over the three functions of the market mechanism: stockpiling, seasonal price fluctuation adjustment, and circulation. Another big increase may cause the government purchase price to rise above the consumer price, which might lead to arbitrage opportunities for the farmers and suffocate the market mechanism. However, the current political situations limits the options for the Korean government. This paper argues that a supply control policy will reduce the social cost resulting from the high level of producer price support, and it proposes several second best policies: First, the production of new varieties should be reduced rapidly. Second, the old rice in the government warehouse should be auctioned or disposed of in order to reduce the government handling and management costs. Third, the acreage diversion program should be launched in order to control rice paddy acreage. Fourth, a social welfare program in rural areas should be introduced, since the share of population over 60 is increasing rapidly. Fifth, instead of the price support which is forbidden by the Uruguay Round, Korea should restructure the agricultural industry by developing new crops, by enhancing productivity and by improving the agricultural infrastructure.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

Purpose - Most of the amendments to the law on the improvement of the distribution structure of mobile communication terminal equipment, the fully self-sufficient system of terminals, and the separated disclosure system on the terminals are aimed at securing transparency of the distribution structure by eliminating or reducing handset subsidies. This study investigates what items are important for the purchase of mobile phones in various and rapidly changing mobile phone markets from the consumer's point of view and tries to make a strategic suggestion for future mobile distribution strategies. Research design, data, and methodology - The procedure of this study takes place in four steps. In step 1, only the SF type respondents selected for this study were extracted through MBTI analysis. In step 2, they were divided into three hierarchies for the AHP analysis and each element was arranged. In step 3, the AHP analysis was converted to a Fuzzy-AHP number using the trigonometric centroid method. This was to eliminate the ambiguity of the response by converting into a fuzzy number even if data consistency was maintained with CI value below 0.1. In step 4, the number of converted 2-layer and 3-layer was combined to derive the priority when the final handset is selected. Results - First, the highest importance among the four items in the second tier was the terminal function item, followed by brand, price, and design item. Second, in the third tier, the highest importance was level of after-sales service, followed by device price, processing speed, ease of use, usefulness, and rate system. Third, the arithmetic average of the determinant of the fuzzy function showed that processing speed, ease of use and usefulness in the function item, level of after-sales service in the brand item, and device price in the price item were the five most important factors among 16 choice factors. Conclusions - First, there will be a change in the consumption patterns of consumers who have compared distributors and dealers to purchase handsets with more subsidies. Second, it is highly likely that people will purchase new handsets only when they need to change their devices because they can not receive subsidies by switching phone brands any more.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.3
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• pp.305-315
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• 2018

This study conducted to estimate the influences of policy which prohibits illegal logging trade. Before analyzing of the economic effects for this policy, scenario methods were selected to inflect economic circumstance by implementing it. In order to do, the policy experiments were carried out using equilibrium displacement equation model. Results show that change ratio of log price was increased 0.066%~0.071%. Since the primary import country of log is New zealand which is high CPI score rather than Republic of Korea so that imported quantity of log was decreased thinly. Because imported log price is worked as a cost in the lumber market, if the imported log price was increased, supply of lumber has to be decreased. So that, not the change ratio of domestic lumber price was increased 0.885%~4.179% but supply of domestic lumber was increased 5.367% respectively along the goods features as a heterogeneity or homogeneity on the market.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.398-405
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• 1989

A change in the consumer's surplus was measured in order to evaluate the social benefit to be derived from expanding health insurance to the entire population. The most refined and correct way to measure a project's net benefit to society is to determine a change in the consumer's surplus. Benefits from introducing the health insurance program to the uninsured people can be classified into two elements. The first is the pricing-down effect(E1) which results from applying the insurance price system, which is lower than the actual price, to the uninsured patients. The second effect(E2) is a decrease in actual payment because an insured patient pays only a portion of the total medical bill(copayment). We collected medical price information from the data banks of 93 hospitals, and obtained information of medical utilization by referring to the results of other research and from data published by the Korean Medical Insurance Societies. The total net benefit was estimated as \214 billion, comprising the first effect(E1) of \57 billion and the second effect(E2) of \157 billion. The price elasticity of physician visits is less than that of hospital admissions: however, benefits from the increase in physician visits are greater than those from hospital admissions because there are considerably more of physician visits than hospital admissions. The sensitivity analysis also shows the conclusion that expansion of the health insurance program to the entire population would result in a positive net benefit. Therfore, we conclude that the National Health Insurance Program is socially desirable.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.717-729
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• 2000

Housing prices in the Korean housing market dropped at an unprecedented magnitude in 1998 after the economic crisis. With the support of housing policies to boost depressed housing markets, house prices managed to bounce back after the mid-1999. During the period of housing price decline and of its recovery, the degrees of house price changes were not even across the country. The cities could be classified into four groups regarding the differential rates of house price changes. The cities which had higher rates of decrease also had higher rates of increase. On the other hand, some other cities continuously experienced a price fall during the recovery period although the rate of housing price changes were relatively low after the economic crisis. Throught the processes of administering housing market depression due to the crisis of the economy, the cities which could fully redeem the level of house prices in housing markets between the Seoul Metropolitan area and the other parts of the country has been widened.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1152-1164
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• 2011

Stock price is stream data to change continuously. The characteristics of these data, stock trends according to flow of time intervals may differ. therefore, stock price should be continuously prediction when the price is updated. In this paper, we propose the new prediction system that continuously predicts the stock price according to the predefined time intervals for the selected stock item using HTM model. We first present a preprocessor which normalizes the stock data and passes its result to the stream sensor. We next present a stream sensor which efficiently processes the continuous input. In addition, we devise a storage node which stores the prediction results for each level and passes it to next upper level and present the HTM network for prediction using these nodes. We show experimented our system using the actual stock price and shows its performance.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2015

This study is to find out the changes and features of male consumers' life style and purchase tendency according to the change of Korean fashion market, and based on which to suggest the design for the 20s men as well as a proper distribution channel for it. Documentary research and investigation were done together for the study. By reviewing documents focused on previous studies and declaring the change of men's fashion shopping tendencies and the following changes and features of their fashion sense and styles a conceptional frame for a design suggestion was presented. Ways to investigate were men's wear collection research, Q-technique. First of all, they tend to boldly reduce unnecessary purchases and do not hesitate to focus on the wanted item, expanding the trend of 'value purchase.' Secondly, men's wear use various design elements with feminine images, while the materials, colors and design expressive techniques that have been exclusively used for women's wear, began to be applied to men's one, turning them into gentle styles with womanhood is stressed. Thirdly, Korean distribution channel is rapidly diversified from departments to new-concept ones such as multi-brand stores. Especially, displaying and selling various optional products, multi-brand stores lead such diversification of fashion distribution channel. Fourthly, features of the drapery types favored by the 20s men are that they like no-chromed dark or blackish colors with fixed structure and partially-applied drapery on the clothes. Fifthly, it turns out that men in their 20s set a premium on design and price while they buy clothes. In addition to that, they buy clothes mainly during discount period and displayed much bigger satisfaction for the purchase on discounted price that those on normal price.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.659-673
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• 1998

In this paper we consider a security market whose asset price process is a vector semimartingale. The market is said to be fair if there exists an equivalent martingale measure for the price process, deflated by a numeraire asset. It is shown that the fairness of a market is invariant under the change of numeraire. As a consequence, we show that the characterization of the fairness of a market is reduced to the case where the deflated price process is bounded. In the latter case a theorem of Kreps (1981) has already solved the problem. By using a theorem of Delbaen and Schachermayer (1994) we obtain an intrinsic characterization of the fairness of a market, which is more intuitive than Kreps' theorem. It is shown that the arbitrage pricing of replicatable contingent claims is independent of the choice of numeraire and equivalent martingale measure. A sufficient condition for the fairness of a market, modeled by an Ito process, is given.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.2 s.50
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• pp.450-461
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• 1995

This paper tested by using Micro TSP, an empirical econometric analysis to approve officially a hypothesis of price elasticity of the demand for medical care services in Korean national medical insurance and the economic effect of health care delivery system with time-series datas of Medical Insurance Statistical Yearbook$(1981\sim1993)$. The results suggest that the Korean medical insurance system shows moral hazard due to the change of coinsurance and the economic effect according to intervention of the health care delivery system, but it is different by insurers regardless of the same structure of the medical insurance scheme.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.698-700
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• 2004

Electric power restructuring offers a major change to the vertically integrated utility monopoly. Deregulation has had a great impact on the electric power industry in various countries. Bidding competition is one of the main transaction approaches after deregulation. The energy trading levels between market participants is largely dependent on the short-term price forecasts. This paper presents the short-term System Marginal Price (SMP) forecasting implementation using backpropagation Neural Network in competitive electricity market. Demand and SMP that supplied from Korea Power Exchange (KPX) are used by a input data and then predict SMP. It needs to analysis the input data for accurate prediction.