• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1998

Zoning areas within national parks in Korea are classified into Natural Preservation Zone(NPZ). Natural Environment Zone(NEZ), Settlement Zone(SZ) and Mass Facility Zone(MFZ) based on the Natural Park Act Large-scale development which might cause permanent destruction of natural resources are being done in NEZ which covers 90% of the total natural park area. Thus it is necessary to examine National Park Act which refers the authorized criteria and development activities of NEZ. However, the current environmental impact statement(EIS) does not cover the full impact of the development inside the national park area. Based on these concepts, the study examines the appropriate resources to distinguish the NPZ and NEZ in Mt. Teogyu National Park, then compare the distribution of resource characteristics between two area by using GIS. Through this study, the conclusions are as follows; (1) In terms of scenic resource analysis, the current NPZ does not meet the criteria on the National Park Act Rather, most of the resources which should be located within the NPZ are located within the NEZ. (2) In terms of elevation analysis, Mt. Teogyu National Park, most of NPZ are located on high altitude which is more than l,200m above the mean sea level. Therefore, it shows the elevation is the only criteria for distinguishing NPZ and NEZ. (3) In terms of Degree of Green Naturality(DGN), the second forest areas, the eighth grade of DGN in Mt. Teogyu National Park are distributed much more in the NEZ than NPZ. (4) After examining five factors - scenic resources, elevation, slope and DGN, vegetation- it was found out that zoning of Mt. Teogyu National Park is not adequatly designated. Zoning of national parks should be accomplished based on the precise inventory of the current resources.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 1993

The importance of urban and regional natural park increases because of the needs for preserving the natural resources and providing with natural recreation space in nature. This planning of natural park management should be established based on the research of the various natural resources in the park. But for the lack of effective data synthesizing methods and concepts, only some restricted factors for zoning plan are considered even though GIS computer system for large complex simulation is used. Therefore, in this study three ecological zoning models such as Basic Factor Model (BFM), Visual Landscape Model (VLM) and Comprehensive Ecological Model (CEM) are proposed and applied to Byounsan Peninsula Nature Park(BPNP) for comparison with the current natural park zoning. The BFM has three components -elevation, slope and vegetation. The VLM has applied with six components -elevation, slope, vegetation, road type, and the visual distance. Finally the CEM's modelling factors have included all of BFM, VLM components are added with the land use type, nature and historic resource factors. The zoning concept of BPNP was based on "Minimization" focused on the specific factors. But introduced modelling concept is "Optimization" based on the total ecological environment. So the result of the modelling has larger area for preservation and development zoning compared with the current zoning whose characteristics are ambiguous which allows the environmental destruction. The future study issues will be the determination of the weighting factor, component reconsideration based on the ground truth data and the agriculture residential area zoning.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-80
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• 1997

This study tried to propose the guidelines for the ecological preservation zoning in Korea. So some related laws and regulations were inspected, which were Natural Environment Preservation Act, Nature Park Act, Cultural Asset Conservation Act, Forest Act and Urban Planning Act. In these acts, I could find several concepts related to the ecosystem that are described as the protection area. But there aren't detailed and practical characteristics in those concepts. So for making the practical concept of ecosystem preservation, I considered Multiple Use Module, Wildlife habitat model, and Environmental evaluation model. Thorough this step, the process and methodology was established for evaluating and analysing. The potentiality of the GIS system was inspected. So the TM5 scene of the site was acquired and processed by ER-Mapper, Idrisi, Arc/Info and Arcview. And several digitized data were input by scanning and vecterizing. The Erdas format was mostly exchangeable to any program. The site is the Byonsan Peninsula National Park. The forest stand information and topographic data were digitized, types of which are forest year, DBH, density, slope, aspect etc. And also the watershed boundary, roads and paths, natural and cultural resources were mapped and analysed. Modelling of preservation suitability found the dispersed patterns for the best suitable zone through all the site. And the development potential areas were checked on downwatershed. This patterns are thought to result from the forest location for the wildlife habitat and the low altitude and no-steep slopes for developing. And Early warning system concept was introduced by overlapping these two patterns on the both potential area. As the conclusions, I proposed that the preservation zone be assigned according to the watershed unit as the main ecosystem zone. This main area should be linked by the eco-corridor through the point type eco-system. Finally, I thought the comprehensive information system should be established for making the rational and efficient decision making in natural area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to make planning factors for outdoor space in elementary school site, with analyzation focusing on a Japanese elementary school examples. We evaluated the planning factors which encourage the development of children’s behaviors from quality of space. And we can get the important points as planning factor for school site as follows: 1) The base point of zoning is school building, building entrance, entrance of site and track 2) The importance of linked space plan with inside of site and surrounding environment 3) Preservation linked system of space in school site for linked pattern of child’s behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.647-657
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• 2018

This study was carried out to review as criteria for zoning at management plan for river restoration, in case of naturalness of river environment and suitability of water friendly activity suggested at assessment system of river environment in Korea. As a result of reviewing law and guidelines concerned, historic & cultural resources used as criteria for preservation zone, it was judged that the historical and cultural value as the preservation zone needs to be examined in connection with waterfriendly activity zone. In this study, we propose a sequential evaluation method to distinguish the waterfriendly activity zone by applying suitability of waterfriendly activity reflecting land use social characteristics, followed division of preservation and restoration zone at the first stage by the naturalness of river environment reflecting the natural environmental characteristics as a result of application to the test bed, Gap and Yudeung streams. In particular, it was concluded that the results of the present study provided more clear criteria for the problem that the last criteria for zoning did not reflect the difference between the left and the right side of stream, or the designation of the excessive water friendly zone. On the other hand, the criteria for designation in this study reflect the characteristics of various river environments as well as the setting of assessment unit based on the physical characteristics of rivers, and other legal regulations and local situations should be adjusted and supplemented in administrative procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 2020

This study attempted to seek policy directions for development of sustainable urban industrial space through reviewing recent policies and projects of US cities that experienced urban industrial land replacement and industrial suburbanization. The policies and regulations for the urban industrial space preservation include the New York City's Industrial Business Zone, Chicago's Planned Manufacturing District, the no-net-loss framework in San Jose, and the subdivided and the state of the art in zoning systems in Philadelphia and Seattle. These policies and zoning systems have been effective for preventing the conversion of urban industrial lands to other uses, promoting business activities, and creating jobs for urban residents. In addition, the updated and innovative zoning systems allow for a wide variety of urban industrial spaces to meet newly emerging industrial demands. On the other hand, we suggested several policy implications through reviewing the cases of urban regeneration projects in Portland's Willamette Industrial Urban Renewal Area, Atlanta's BeltLine, and Milwaukee's Menomone Valley as follows: 1) updating and reinforcing spatial planning and policies for preservation and revitalization of urban industrial land; 2) considering existing businesses and local workers first; 3) setting up a participatory planning for local workers and residents; 4) preparing policies for brownfield cleanups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to make practical application of the results as basic data of National Park management-policy by surveying and analyzing management goals, management missions, land zoning, numeral of visitors, management organization, management staff and revenue and Expenditure budget of 1992 and 2004 those are main factors to know the management system well. The main management missions was found not only to put value on developing nature program but also to prepare for keeping and renewing of nature resources. The change of zoning land was researched to be controlled and nature preservation area was showed to be enlarged. While management missions and visitors have been increased, there weren't raise of organization and staffs at all. And expenditure budget had management formation by manpower. Although there are progressive changes in park management system during the period, several improvements are needed in details. They are as follows; To be sustainable preservation and usage which are the intrinsic roles of National Park by increasing the government investment than own revenue.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

Background and objective: A biosphere reserve is a complex concept that combines the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable development with the region, outstanding ecosystems with worth conserving in worldwide. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way of zoning that can perform the functions of conservation, development, and logistics support of biosphere reserves. Methods: To meet the purpose of this study, the designation criteria, restrictions, and permissions of the protected area specified in the law for domestic protected areas were reviewed to classify the functions of a biosphere reserve. Results: Through this classification, 10 domestic protected areas with high ecological protection value, such as the natural beauty of the ecosystem, biodiversity, and habitats for wild animals and plants were derived as the core areas of the biosphere reserves. Also, a total of 21 protected zones that can function as a buffer to protect the core of the natural ecosystem from indiscriminate development such as resource protection, recovery, pollution prevention, and improvement were derived as appropriate sites for a buffer. In the review process, issues such as different behavioral restrictions and ranges of permission due to the application of different laws were identified, if two or more protected areas exist within one of the protected areas, there is a protected area that does not meet the criteria for designating use zone, or where behavior restrictions do not meet the zoning criteria of biosphere reserve, under the laws of domestic protected areas. Conclusion: Although this study was not able to carefully review most of the laws on domestic protected areas that are linked to other laws, it was able to categorize appropriate domestic protected areas that can act as the core and buffer zones of biosphere reserves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2013

The Historic Cultural Environment Conservation Areas around Chosun Royal Tombs in Gyeonggi Province are larger than those around other Cultural Assets, so more efficient management tools on the Areas should be needed. This study aims to suggest the directions of policy to modify the existing management tools by analyzing the spatial extent and alteration standards of the 12 Historic Cultural Environment Conservation Areas around Chosun Royal Tombs in Gyeonggi Province. The results of this study are as follows: First, in most cases, the spatial extents of the Areas are 500m, but the spatial extents should be precisely classified in Gyeonggi Ordinance of Cultural Assets Protection, and be excluded according to the layout of Protection Areas and roads. And the outside view from the inside is more important in Chosun Royal Tombs, so the areas on the axis of the view must be controled by considering the development density(bulk or height of buildings). Second, the same zoning areas must be classified as the same section of the Area allowing for equity, and Finally, the Current Conditions Permission Criteria should be actualized to take into account the difference between the development densities of zoning araes and the Criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The objective of this planning proposal is to rehabilitate the urban stream which has been ecologically disturbed in the urban process. The experimental stream, Su-am stream located in Anyang City is typical urban stream in adjacent land use and the spatial condition. The stream in the watershed context, is the second tributary of Han River, in the Anyangcheon watershed. The Characteristics of the stream reach were analyzed by the river corridor survey. In the conceptual phase, Rehabilitation Programs were established based on the hydrological, ecological and spatial characteristics of the stream. Spatial zoning concept according to the characteristics of the stream and adjacent land use, was suggested 4 types of zoning; ecological preservation zone, natural landscape zone, neighborhood water-friendly zone and CBD water-friendly zone. Implementation Practices can be summarized as follow: For The longitudinal river continuum, some In-stream practices were suggested and implemented; such as channel alignment, step & pool, pool & riffle and low-flow channel bank. For latitudinal continuum and intimate spatial relationship between Sam-duk Park & Su-am stream, gentle sloped bank was planned and implemented. After stream improvement & ecological Implementation, follow-up monitoring and adaptive management programs will be a meaningful process for ecological rehabilitation.