• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate dosimetry results of three different techniques for whole breast irradiation after conservative surgery of large pendulous breast patient. Materials and Methods: Planning computed tomography (CT) scans for three techniques were performed on a GE Hi-speed advantage CT scanner in the supine (SP), supine with breast supporting Device (SD) and prone position on a custom prone mattress (PP). Computed tomography images were acquired at 5 mm thickness. The clinical target volumes (CTV), ipsilateral lung and heart were delineated to evaluate the dose statistic, and all techniques were planned with the tangential photon beams (Pinnacle$^3$, Philips Medical System, USA). The prescribed dose was 50 Gy delivered in 25 fractions. To evaluate the dose coverage for CTV, we analysed percent volume of CTV receiving minimum of 95%, 100%, 105%, and 110% of prescription dose ($V_{95}$, $V_{100}$, $V_{105}$, and $V_{110}$) and minimal dose covering 95% ($D_{95}$) of CTV. The dosimetric comparison for heart and ipsilateral lung was analysed using the minimal dose covering 5% of each organs ($D_5$) and the volume that received >18 Gy for the heart and >20 Gy for the ipsilateral lung. Results: Target volume coverage ($V_{95}$ and $V_{100}$) was not significantly different for all technique. The V105 was lower for PP (1.2% vs. 4.4% for SP, 11.1% for SD). Minimal dose covering 95% ($D_{95}$) of target was 47.5 Gy, 47.7 Gy and 48 Gy for SP, SD and PP. The volume of ipsilateral lung received >20 Gy was 21.7%, 11.6% and 4.9% for SP, SD and PP. The volume of heart received >18 Gy was 17.0%, 16.1% and 9.8% for SP, SD and PP. Conclusion: Prone positioning of patient for large pendulous breast irradiation enables improving dose uniformity with minimal heart and lung doses.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Purpose : Evaluating absorbed dose related to 2D and 3D imaging confirmation devices Materials and Methods : According to the radiographic projection conditions, absorbed doses are measured that 3 glass dosimeters attached to the centers of 0', 90', 180' and 270' in the head, thorax and abdomen each with Rando phantom are used in field size $26.6{\times}20$, $15{\times}15$. In the same way, absorbed doses are measured for width 16cm and 10cm of CBCT each. OBI(version 1.5) system and calibrated glass dosimeters are used for the measurement. Results : AP projection for 2D imaging check, In $0^{\circ}$ degree absorbed doses measured in the head were $1.44{\pm}0.26mGy$ with the field size $26.6{\times}20$, $1.17{\pm}0.02mGy$ with the field size $15{\times}15$. With the same method, absorbed doses in the thorax were $3.08{\pm}0.86mGy$ to $0.57{\pm}0.02mGy$ by reducing field size. In the abdomen, absorbed dose were reduced $8.19{\pm}0.54mGy$ to $4.19{\pm}0.09mGy$. Finally according to the field size, absorbed doses has decreased by average 5~12%. With Lateral projection, absorbed doses showed average 5~8% decrease. CBCT for 3D imaging check, CBDI in the head were $4.39{\pm}0.11mGy$ to $3.99{\pm}0.13mGy$ by reducing the width 16cm to 10cm. In the same way in thorax the absorbed dose were reduced $34.88{\pm}0.93(10.48{\pm}0.09)mGy$ to $31.01{\pm}0.3(9.30{\pm}0.09)mGy$ and $35.99{\pm}1.86mGy$ to $32.27{\pm}1.35mGy$ in the abdomen. With variation of width 16cm and 10cm, they showed 8~11% decrease. Conclusion : By means of reducing 2D field size, absorbed dose were decreased average 5~12% in 3D width size 8~11%. So that it is necessary for radiation therapists to recognize systematical management for absorbed dose for Imaging confirmation. and also for frequent CBCT, it is considered whether or not prescribed dose for RT refer to imaging dose.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2007

Objectives : Palmultang(Bawu-tang) has been traditionally prescribed as a restorative, The present study was undertaken to determine the possible toxic effects of Palmultang on SD rats. Methods : In this study, we investigated the subacute toxicity of water-extracted Palmultang(Bawu-tang) on SD rats. Twenty rats were orally adiministered Palmultang for 28 days at a dose of 0 mg/kg(control group) or 1500 mg/kg(treated group), respectively. Results : All of subjects was survived. No significant difference in abnormal clinical signs, related to hematological values, serum biochemical values, water and feed intake, coagulation time, autopsy analysis, organ weight, tissue microscopically, funduscopy, urine intake and urinalysis, was detected. Conclusions : Compared with the control group, we could not find any subacute toxic alteration in treated group (1500 mg/kg) for 28 days. This result suggests that Palmultang, a herbal medicine prescription, is a safe prescription to body.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.260-264
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• 2000

URI(Upper respiratory infection) is caused by virus, lose of balance from change of weather and ahylaxis, etc. So it dose not affect seriously, but in some cases it can cause complication disease depend on the healthfulness of an individual. The case is about a patient who is 21 years old lady, suffered by chill, fever, coughing after experiencing unhealthiness by an excess fatigue. The patient was treated by Mahwangbalpyotang and showed an improvement. This paper describe the process and contents about the way patient was cured.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 2016

Objectives Experience of early childhood abuse elevates the risk of developing schizophrenia in later period of life, incidence of psychiatric comorbidity, symptomatic severity and complexity. In this context, we hypothesized that the pattern of psychotropic medication used would reflect this; those with childhood trauma will received more types and higher doses of psychotropic medication. Methods From our database of 102 outpatients diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) schizophrenia, we analyzed experiences of childhood trauma measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and types and dose of prescribed psychotropic medication. Results We found significant positive correlations between child sexual abuse and the number of psychotropic medications (p = 0.029) and between child emotional neglect and the number of psychotropic medications other than antipsychotics (p = 0.045). Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that the pattern of psychotropic use may be affected by types of childhood trauma. Further studies will have to shed light on mediating factors such as symptoms or comorbid conditions that lead to prescription of certain psychotropic class.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

Objectives : Traditional medicine Oryeong-san (ORS) has been prescribed for a long time to treat light fever, thirst, dysuria, and accompanying edema. However, the acute toxicity and safety were not reported. In this study, we evaluated the potent acute toxicity and safety of ORS. Methods : ICR mice were used to evaluate acute toxicity and safety by oral administration of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000mg/kg of ORS. Mortality, body weight, and clinical symptoms were observed, and organ weight and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed after necropsy. Results : We found no mortality and no toxic or abnormal clinical symptoms by administration of ORS. Comparing with control group, no significant alterations in organ weight and blood biochemical parameters were observed. Conclusions : ORS recognized as safe and non-toxic medicinal material, and median lethal dose considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female ICR mice.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment of mesoglycan. This study was conducted between September 2003 and May 2004. A total of 292 patients with vascular disorders including cerebral infarction were enrolled. The patients were administered with 50-100mg of mesoglycan by an oral route everyday for eight weeks. Subjective physicians' assessments of efficacy had ratings of 'improvement', 'invariability', 'exacerbation' and 'not being able to assess'. An improvement was observed in 241 patients out of 274; 18 patients were rules out. The efficacy rate was influenced statistically significantly by the duration of therapy (p=0.0392) and daily mean drug dose (p<0.0001). The adverse events were reported in 8 patients (9 cases) out of 292 patients: skin/appendages disorders (0.7%), liver/biliary system disorders (0.7%), cardiovascular system disorders (0.7%), neurologic disorders (0.3%). respiratory disorders (0.3%) and gastrointestinal system disorders (0.3%). There showed no serious adverse events. These results indicate that mesoglycan was well tolerated and effective for the prevention of vascular disorders.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) has been traditionally prescribed as a restorative. The present study was undertaken to determine the possible toxic effects of Sagunja-tang on SD rats. In this study, we investigated the subacute toxicity of water-extracted Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) on SD rats. Twenty rats were orally adiministered Sagunja-tang for 28 days at a dose of 0 mg/kg(control group) or 1500mg/kg(treated group), respectively. All of subjects was survived. No significant difference in abnormal clinical signs, related to hematological values, serum biochemical values, water and feed intake, coagulation time, autopsy analysis, organ weight, tissue microscopically, funduscopy, urine intake and urinalysis, was detected. Compared with the control group, we could not find any subacute toxic alteration in treated group (1500mg/kg) for 28 days. This result suggests that Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang). a herbal medicine prescription, is a safe prescription to body.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.137-141
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• 2008

Samul-tang(Siwu-tang) has been traditionally prescribed as a restorative. The present study was undertaken to determine the possible toxic effects of Samul-tang on SD rats. In this study, we investigated the subacute toxicity of water-extracted Samul-tang(Siwu-tang) on SD rats. Twenty rats were orally adiministered Samul-tang for 28 days at a dose of 0 mg/kg(control group) or 1500 mg/kg(treated group), respectively. All of subjects was survived. No significant difference in abnormal clinical signs, related to hematological values, serum biochemical values, water and feed intake, coagulation time, autopsy analysis, organ weight, tissue microscopically, funduscopy, urine intake and urinalysis, was detected. Compared with the control group, we could not find any subacute toxic alteration in treated group (1500 mg/kg) for 28 days. This result suggests that Samul-tang(Siwu-tang), a herbal medicine prescription, is a safe prescription to body.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1994

A computer code DRL was developed to calculate the derived release limits at CANDU type nuclear power plants. The derived release limits resulting from DRL code is to set guidelines for the release of radionuclides in airborne and water-borne effuents during normal operations of a CANDU type nuclear power plant. The DRL code generally follows the methodology Prescribed in the CSA standard N288.1-M87 and uses the Parameter values recommended in the same standards. The DRL code was used to calculate a set of preliminary derived release limits for the Wolsong NPP.