• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.904-918
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cooling systems on reproductive performance, body temperature, blood metabolites, and the intestinal microbiome in early gestating sows exposed to high ambient temperature. In total, 39 pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; 2 parities) were randomly assigned to and maintained in the following three treatment groups (13 sows per group) over days 0 to 35 of pregnancy: (i) air cooling (AC; 26.87 ± 1.23℃), (ii) water-drip cooling (WC; 28.81 ± 0.91℃), and (iii) a lack of cooling with heat stress (HS; 30.72 ± 0.70℃). Backfat thickness was measured before and after HS. Feces were collected on day 0 and 35 d of the trial for microbiome analysis, whereas blood was taken at day 35 of pregnancy and analyzed. Reproductive performance and physiological responses were identified at day 35. Respiration rate along with rectal and skin temperatures were lower (p < 0.05) in the AC group than in the HS and WC groups. Serum blood urea nitrogen values were increased (p < 0.05) in the WC group compared with those measured in the AC and HS groups. Triiodothyronine was found at greater levels (p < 0.05) in the AC than in the HS group. Reproductive performance was not affected by the cooling systems. At the phylum level, fecal pathogenic Spirochaete and Euryarchaeota were found in higher numbers (p < 0.05) in all groups after HS. Similarly, at the genus level, the amount of Treponema was greater (p < 0.05) in all groups after HS. In conclusion, our results suggest that AC or WC can ameliorate or mitigate the adverse effects of HS on the physiological parameters of pregnant sows reared under high temperatures.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.112-123
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antenatal depression in pregnant women and its influencing factors. Methods: With a cross-sectional survey design, a total of 396 pregnant women were recruited from a local obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Measurements included antenatal depression, perceived stress, predictors of depression during pregnancy, and demographic and obstetric characteristics. Results: Mean antenatal depression score was 8.20 (standard deviation=4.95) out of 30, falling into its normal range. However, the prevalence of antenatal depression was 35.9% when cut-point of 9/10 was used. The prevalence of antenatal depression among women in the first trimester was 31.4%. It was slightly increased to 34.9% in the second trimester but significantly increased to 40.5% in the third trimester. In multiple logistic regression analysis, experiencing prenatal anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.16), having no job (OR, 2.90), lower self-esteem (OR, 1.62), and higher perceived stress (OR, 1.32) were significant factors influencing antenatal depression. Conclusion: Negative feeling such as feeling anxious, lower self-esteem, and higher perceived stress during pregnancy are key factors affecting antenatal depression. Thus, antenatal nursing intervention focusing on pregnant women's feeling upon their job status is necessary to improve their antenatal psychological well-being.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the level of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and postpartum depression (PPD) in Korean mothers with healthy babies and to explore the factors related to postpartum PTSD. Methods: This study used a longitudinal survey design to explore the levels and association of PPD and PTSD. Two hundred women were recruited during pregnancy and the data were collected via online survey from 166 mothers (84% retained) who gave birth to healthy babies, at two postpartum periods: Fear of childbirth was assessed at the 1st week; and spousal support, PPD, and postpartum PTSD were surveyed at the 4th week postpartum. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Chi square test, and multiple regression were done. Results: The mean age of mothers was 33.12 (±3.97) years old. Postpartum PTSD was low (8.95±6.49) with 1.8% (n=3) at risk (≥19). PPD was also low (6.68±5.28) and 30.1% (n=50) were identified at risk (≥10). The comorbid rate of PPD with PTSD was 6%. Mothers who did not have a planned pregnancy had higher scores of PPD (t=-2.78, p=.008), whereas spousal support and PPD had negative relationship (r=-.21, p=.006). The overall explanatory power for postpartum PTSD was 55.2%, of which PPD was the only significant variable (β=. 76, t=13.76, p<.001). Conclusion: While only 1.8% was at risk of postpartum PTSD at 4 weeks postpartum, PPD prevalence was 30.1% and PPD was the only influential factor of postpartum PTSD. Assessment and counseling of PPD are required as well as screening for postpartum PTSD. More research is also needed on postpartum PTSD in Korean women.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research that aimed to investigate the stress level of pregnant women and subsequent effect of emergency cesarean delivery on anxiety and subjective anxiety statuses. Methods: The study samples were 233, including 109 emergency cesarean delivery and 124 normal vaginal deliveries between May 1, 2014, and August 26, 2014, in the Gwangju Metropolitan City. Results: None of the results showed any significant statistical difference in psychological stress between emergency cesarean delivery during mid-pregnancy and normal vaginal delivery (t = 1.784, p = .076). Emergency cesarean delivery has a significantly high level of anxiety (t = 10.849, p < .001) and subjective anxiety statuses (t = 13.294, p < .001) compared with normal vaginal delivery. Conclusion: A prenatal education program for stress and anxiety from emergency cesarean delivery needs to be developed for more effective stress management.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 기공에 기초한 스트레스 관리 프로그램이 산모의 우울, 불안 등의 정서에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 임신 16주 이상의 산모들을 대상으로 하였다. 기공프로그램군은 8주동안, 일주일에 2번씩 기공프로그램에 참여한 52명으로 구성되었으며, 교육군은 8주동안 1주일에 1번씩 산모교육에 참여한 40명으로 구성되었다. 평가도구는 우울 수준을 측정하는 척도로서 해밀턴 우울 척도(Hamilton depression rating scale, HAMD), 벡 우울 척도(Beck depression inventory, BDI), 에딘버러 산후 우울증 척도(Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, EPDS)를 이용하였다. 불안 수준을 측정하는 척도로서 스필버거 특성 상태 불안척도-1 (Spielberger trait state anxiety inventory-1, STAI-1), 해밀턴 불안 척도(Hamilton anxiety scale, HAM-A)를 이용하였다. 기공과 교육 프로그램 시작전, 이후 2주, 4주, 8주에 걸쳐 산모의 우울, 불안 수준을 상기 척도로 측정하였다. 결과: 기공프로그램군은 프로그램 시작 전과 8주 후를 비교하였을 때 유의미하게 불안과 우울 수준이 모든 척도에서 호전되었다. 반면 교육군은 시작 전과 8주 후를 비교하였을 때 유의미한 호전은 없었다. 두 집단의 프로그램 전후 변화량을 비교한 결과 기공프로그램군이 교육군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의미한 변화를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구는 기공에 기초한 스트레스 관리 프로그램이 산모의 불안과 우울감을 조절하는데 효과적인 방법일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Toddlers'negative emotionality and mothers' parenting stress and the moderating roles of a husbands'cooperation, mother-teacher partnership, and other social support. The participants of this study were 248 mothers with toddlers aged 24-35 months. The method of research used was the questionnaire method. The collected data were mainly analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows. First, there were differences in mother's parenting stress according to individual characteristics such as mothers employment status, parenting costs, mother's feeling of pregnancy. Second, a moderator effect of a husbands' cooperation was found in the relationship between toddlers'negative emotionality and mothers' parenting stress. Therefore, it was confirmed that husband's cooperation is more of an important factor in nursing children with negative emotions than other support systems.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), is clinically administered to woman at risk for premature labor to induce fetal lung maturation. However, exposure to repeated or excess GCs leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and subsequently increases risk of psychiatric and cardio-metabolic diseases in later life through fetal programming mechanisms. GCs are key mediators of stress responses, therefore, maternal nutrient restriction or psychological stress during pregnancy also causes negative impacts on birth and neurodevelopment outcome of fetuses, and other congenital defects, such as craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. In this study, to examine the effect of prenatal stress on fetal skeletal development, dexamethasone (1 mg/kg [DEX1] or 10 mg/kg [DEX10] maternal body weight per day) was administered intraperitoneally at gestational day 7.5~9.5 and the skeletons were prepared from embryos at day 18.5. Seven out of eighteen (39%) embryos treated with DEX10 showed axial skeletal abnormalities in either the T13 or L1 vertebrae. In addition, examination of the sternum revealed that xiphoid process, the protrusive triangular part of the lower end of the sternum, was bent more outward or inward in DEX group embryos. In conclusion, our findings suggest a possible link to the understanding of the effect of uterine environment to the fetal skeletal features.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.120-134
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• 2021

Purpose: The reproductive health of women in early adulthood can affect pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause in later life. Menstrual symptoms not only affect daily life, but are also a reflection of a woman's reproductive health. This study was conducted to explore the factors affecting menstrual symptoms among university students. Methods: The general characteristics, life style, menstrual characteristics, stress, and menstrual symptom of 177 female students were assessed through an online survey at one university. An independent sample t-test, one-way variance analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The menstrual symptom score was 91.68±32.11 points, and the score of 'mood change' was the highest. Stress (��=.38, p<.001), amount of menstruation (��=.20, p=.001), menarche age (��=-.18, p=.003), health problems (��=.16, p=.010), and age (��=.15, p=.016) were found to have a significant effect on menstrual symptom, and the explanatory power of the regression model was 40%. Conclusion: This study investigated the degree and influencing factors of menstrual symptom using the Korean Menstrual Symptom Scale (KMSS) developed for Korean university students. Among the factors influencing menstrual symptom, stress appeared to play a significant role. Stress management, observation of menstrual characteristics, and general health care are necessary to maintain a woman's reproductive health.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.165-182
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• 2005

Purpose : To investigate the stress degree of infertile women and its correlations with Qi-stasis. Methods : 162 women, enrolled for treatment at oriental hospital, completed Infertility Stress Scale, Stress Response Inventory and Qi-stasis questionnaire. Their demographic features and infertility-related factors were recorded. 137 infertile women and 25 normal subjects were analyzed. Results : 1. 43 infertile women(33.86%) among the sample group were diagnosed as Qi-stasis. 2. There were close score correlations among Infertility Stress Scale, Stress Response Inventory, and Qi-stasis(p=.000). 3. Experience of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), possibility of spontaneous pregnancy, coitus frequency, whether the spouse is the eldest son or not had the influences on Infertility Stress. Abortion experience had influences on stress response and Qi-stasis. 4. It was revealed that Infertile women(n=137) had significantly higher scores of 'Infertility Stress' and subscales such as 'sexual satisfaction', 'marital satisfaction', 'familial adjustment', 'social adjustment' as well than control group(n=25). Conclusion : The results provide that the stress degree of infertile women had significant correlations with Qi-stasis and show the possibilities of oriental medicine treatment for stresses of infertile women.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2004년도 제56차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2004