• Title/Summary/Keyword: Preferred hours of work

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Status and Demand Continuing Education of the EMTs of the Korean Fire Department (119 구급대원 보수교육 실태 및 요구)

  • Kim, Ja-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2010
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand the status of continuing education of the EMTs of the Korean fire department, to identify demand of them for content, method, and forms of the education, and to present basic data for developing more efficient, effective continuing education programs. Methods : The subjects of this study were 850 of the EMTs of the Korean fire department who work for fire stations located in Seoul and part of Gyeonggi-do and directly provide critical care in the field. The data was collected between February 8 and 28, 2010. Using SPSS 17.0 program, we obtained frequencies percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) As for status of the existing continuing education for of the EMTs of the Korean fire department, in general, the hour of each education was "less than four hours" (51.2%), the instructors of the education were "doctors" (65.2%), the method of the education was "lecture" (83.3%), the material for the education was "educational materials and slides" (97.2%), and the results from the education were "not helpful in job" (55.1%). 2) The effects of the EMTs of the Korean fire department were mean 2.44(${\pm}.51$), the ability was mean 2.40(${\pm}.50$), and the attitude was mean 2.49(${\pm}.57$) points. 3) As for the demands of the EMTs of the Korean fire department on the next continuing education, they preferred "the advanced cardiac life support(ACLS)" ($2.64{\pm}.62$) most in subject content, "investigating the demands of 119 emergency medical technicians annually" (44.1%) in methods to select subjects of the continuing education, "doctors and professors of Department of Emergency Medical Technology" in instructors of the education (190 persons, or 39.9%), "lectures with practices" in methods of the education (30.1%), and "One per year" (41.6%) and "less than four hours" (67.2%) in the period and hours of the text continuing education they hope. Conclusion : The continuing education for the EMTs of the Korean fire department conducts without accepting the demands of the technicians, In planning of the next continuing education, the results of this study suggest that it is needed to develop more various and professional educational program by active acquisition of the demands of the technicians.

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Distributors' Preference for the Flextime System (유통업체 종사자의 유동근무제에 대한 선호성향에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Won-Haeng
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2012
  • The "flextime" system, which was initially designed to maintain a balance between work and personal life, has recently received much attention as an alternative form of work, enabling employees to fully exert their creativity. Most studies show that the effects of flextime on performance, productivity, attitude toward the organization, absenteeism, and turnover differ between managerial and non-managerial workers. This suggests that workers' personal characteristics affect their preference for flextime by directly or indirectly influencing its result variables. As most Korean companies have not adopted the flextime system, little research has been conducted on it in Korea. Recently, Korean companies have been discussing flextime as one of several measures for enhancing international competitiveness. Therefore, this study aims to offer a theoretical framework for the introduction of the system by analyzing the effects of the precedent factors on the preference for flextime. Though not statistically significant, a higher preference for flextime is noted among workers over the age of 36. Older workers usually are more conservative and less adaptable to change but here the older Korean workers may be anxious and resistant. Additional research on workers in different types of businesses using improved research methods will lead to more meaningful results. Married workers display a lower preference to flextime than single workers. In Korea, the current atmosphere focused on a happy home encourages married workers to prefer regular work hours, enabling them to go to and from work on a regular schedule. This means that normal working hours, from morning to evening, are preferred as it is the most suitable system for families. However, this is not so in the case of single workers. Unmarried singles tend to prefer flextime for investing in self-development toward future prosperity, over the benefits of regular working-hours. Flextime is designed to meet their needs to some extent as it is helpful in maintaining a balance between work life and self-development. If flextime is selected, workers can spend mornings on self-development and work in the afternoons. Therefore, when flextime is introduced in Korea, it would be desirable to start with unmarried workers, to increase corporate creativity and productivity and develop individual potential. In particular, when the five-day workweek, the main concern for companies and labor unions, is adopted, synergy with flextime could be expected and a gradual implementation of flextime will be effective. Gender difference shows similar results to marital status with male workers displaying a higher preference for flextime. It is inferred that male workers' attitudes toward flextime are more favorable than female workers' because flextime enables self-development and work life to coexist. A relatively weak, though statistically significant, correlation exists between control position and flextime preference with inner-control-oriented workers displaying favorable attitudes toward flextime. Generally, inner-control-oriented workers tend to attribute the consequences caused by any person or partner relationship to themselves. Thus, when a new system is introduced they are likely to have less reluctance and fear than outer-control-oriented workers, because they think it is important to deal with the new system. A weak but slight correlation exists between the desire for achievement and flextime preference. People who have a higher desire for achievement are willing to consider the new system, especially if significant success is reasonably expected. This result is derived from a reasonable judgment that flextime offers an individual the time for self-development while the organization benefits from the resulting creativity and performance enhancements. Although not the primary analysis, a high correlation is found between control position and the desire for achievement, which is consistent with the results of previous research. The regression analysis not only supports the preceding ANOVA and correlation analysis but also shows the existence of a causal relationship. Married workers have a weak preference for flextime, which is consistent with the results of the preceding ANOVA. Relative to men, women have a weak preference for flextime. No statistically significant correlation was noticed for age. Inner-control-oriented workers prefer flextime more than outer-control-oriented workers as the former view the consequences of change to be their own responsibility. However, the preference for flextime seems to be weak. As expected, people with a higher desire for achievement have a stronger preference for flextime, presumably because the greater the desire for achievement, the stronger the spirit of challenging an uncertain future. No significant correlation exists between job satisfaction and flextime preference.

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Influencing Factors of High PTSD Among Medical Staff During COVID-19: Evidences From Both Meta-analysis and Subgroup Analysis

  • Qi, Guojia;Yuan, Ping;Qi, Miao;Hu, Xiuli;Shi, Shangpeng;Shi, Xiuquan
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.269-278
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    • 2022
  • Background: PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) had a great impact on health care workers during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19). Better knowledge of the prevalence of PTSD and its risk factors is a major public health problem. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and important risk factors of PTSD among medical staff during the COVID-19. Methods: The databases were searched for studies published during the COVID-19, and a PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) compliant systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD 42021278970) was carried out to identify articles from multiple databases reporting the prevalence of PTSD outcomes among medical staff. Proportion random effect analysis, I2 statistic, quality assessment, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Results: A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and the PTSD results of doctors and nurses were summarized from 14 and 27 studies: the prevalences were 31% (95% CI [confidence interval, CI]: 21%-40%) and 38% (95% CI: 30%-45%) in doctors and nurses, respectively. The results also showed seven risks (p < 0.05): long working hours, isolation wards, COVID-19 symptoms, nurses, women, fear of infection, and pre-existing mental illness. Two factors were of borderline significance: higher professional titles and married. Conclusion: Health care workers have a higher prevalence of PTSD during COVID-19. Health departments should provide targeted preventive measures for medical staff away from PTSD.

Single-Stage Reconstruction with Titanium Mesh for Compound Comminuted Depressed Skull Fracture

  • Eom, Ki Seong
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.63 no.5
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    • pp.631-639
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    • 2020
  • Objective : Traditionally, staged surgery has been preferred in the treatment of compound comminuted depressed fracture (FCCD) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and involves the removal of primarily damaged bone and subsequent cranioplasty. The main reason for delayed cranioplasty was to reduce the risk of infection-related complications. Here, the author performed immediate reconstruction using a titanium mesh in consecutive patients with FCCD after TBI, reported the surgical results, and reviewed previous studies. Methods : Nineteen consecutive patients who underwent single-stage reconstruction with titanium mesh for FCCD of the skull from April 2014 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic and radiological characteristics of the patients with FCCD were investigated. The characteristics associated with surgery and outcome were also evaluated. Results : The frequency of TBI in men (94.7%) was significantly higher than that in women. Most FCCDs (73.7%) occurred during work, the rest were caused by traffic accidents. The mean interval between TBI and surgery was 7.0±3.9 hours. The median Glasgow coma scale score was 15 (range, 8-15) at admission and 15 (range, 10-15) at discharge. FCCD was frequently located in the frontal (57.9%) and parietal (31.6%) bones than in other regions. Of the patients with FCCDs in the frontal bone, 62.5% had paranasal sinus injury. There were five patients with fractures of orbital bone, and they were easily reconstructed using titanium mesh. These patients were cosmetically satisfied. Postoperatively, antibiotics were used for an average of 12.6 days. The mean hospital stay was 17.6±7.5 days (range, 8-33). There was no postoperative seizure or complications, such as infection. Conclusion : Immediate bony fragments replacement and reconstruction with reconstruction titanium mesh for FCCD did not increase infectious sequelae, even though FCCD involved sinus. This suggests that immediate single-stage reconstruction with titanium mesh for FCCD is a suitable surgical option with potential benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness, safety, and cosmetic and psychological outcomes.

Identifying the Best Approach to Revitalize High School Culinary Education Curriculum in Korea (조리실습에 대한 인식 조사를 기반으로 한 조리교육 활성화 방안 연구)

  • Kang, Kyeoung-Shim
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.137-161
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this study was to identify the most effective methods with which to revitalize Korean high school culinary education. To achieve this aim, a culinary recognition questionnaire survey of 616 students from 9 culinary high schools was carried out. The 9 surveyed schools represented the following of 7 regions: Chungnam, Busan, Incheon, Daegue, Jeonbuk, Gyeongbuk, and Gwangju. Collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis, $x^2$-test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA using SPSS(version 14.0). The results of this study are as follows. Culinary practice interest and learning demand of most students were high. 6.8% of students indicated that initial theory learning, followed by video education, and finally live demonstration is an effective teaching methodology. They preferred practicing on actual ingredients as the primary teaching and learning method, nominating technician cooking as the most favorite. As for areas needing improvement in culinary practice education, difficulties with material preparation and insufficient learning hours were identified as prominent factors by 66.8% of respondents. There was unanimous agreement that culinary practice education can be enhanced by highly skilled teachers, while interest for the discipline itself can be fostered by initiating and encouraging cooking participation in the home. Freshmen and special high school students suggested that a cooking related website is necessary to expand the current information interface, which is currently limited to colleagues and employers. In relation to culinary education revitalization, consistent promotion of departments, or high schools that have proven student satisfaction rates and effective culinary curriculum are required. Furthermore, teachers can also aid this process by more effective student pastoral care in order to improve school life satisfaction. However, teacher job satisfaction is an important component of this process, and better employment conditions and remuneration packages reflecting extra work must be considered as part of an attractive teacher-incentive employment policy.

Preferred Timing for Full-Retirement: Who Wants to Retire Early? (50대 남녀의 기대은퇴연령에 관한 연구: 누가 빠른 은퇴를 원하는가?)

  • Cha, Seung-Eun
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.133-157
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    • 2012
  • This study analyzed plans for retirement by focusing on preferred retirement timing(PRT) measure. Current pension program show rather strong guideline about the timing of full-retirement. This study asked whether the middle age group are willing to retire correspond to the policy guidelines or not. Research sample came from 2008 KLOSA data, recruiting 1,367 workers who are residing in cities or in metropolitan area (women: 34.8%). I have analyzed one item question asking "In what age do you want to fully retire?", The results showed that, about two third of respondents declared they do not want to retire unless they have health problems, or would expect to retire no earlier than age 70. However, a third of respondents expected normal retirement coming between 60~64. Second, the determinants of timing for retirement were differ by PRT. Social determinants, such as gender, short work hours, being employed, and higher status in family income were associated with early PRT. While, good health status, positive view on the future economics were highly associated with late PRT. The results reveal that the timing of retirement is getting more diverse and obscure in the individual level.

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Analysis of Posting Preferences and Prediction of Update Probability on Blogs (블로그에서 포스팅 성향 분석과 갱신 가능성 예측)

  • Lee, Bum-Suk;Hwang, Byung-Yeon
    • Journal of KIISE:Databases
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.258-266
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we introduce a novel method to predict next update of blogs. The number of RSS feeds registered on meta-blogs is on the order of several million. Checking for updates is very time consuming and imposes a heavy burden on network resources. Since blog search engine has limited resources, there is a fix number of blogs that it can visit on a day. Nevertheless we need to maximize chances of getting new data, and the proposed method which predicts update probability on blogs could bring better chances for it. Also this work is important to avoid distributed denial-of-service attack for the owners of blogs. Furthermore, for the internet as whole this work is important, too, because our approach could minimize traffic. In this study, we assumed that there is a specific pattern to when a blogger is actively posting, in terms of days of the week and, more specifically, hours of the day. We analyzed 15,119 blogs to determine a blogger's posting preference. This paper proposes a method to predict the update probability based on a blogger's posting history and preferred days of the week. We applied proposed method to 12,115 blogs to check the precision of our predictions. The evaluation shows that the model has a precision of 0.5 for over 93.06% of the blogs examined.

A Study on Elderly Services by Elderly in Public Libraries in A Post-aged Society: Focusing on the Busan Metropolitan City Public Library (초고령사회 공공도서관 노인이용자를 위한 '노노 서비스(老老 service)' 방안 연구 - 부산광역시 공공도서관을 중심으로 -)

  • Myung Sook, Kim
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.75-96
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to prepare and present a plan for the elderly service, in which the elderly become service providers and beneficiaries for the elderly who have emerged as the main library users in the face of a post-aged society. As a result of a survey of 119 elderly users of public libraries in the Busan area and an interview with a focus group of librarians at G Library, it was confirmed that the elderly service was needed. The most necessary services in terms of the beneficiaries of the Elderly Services by Elderly were surveyed in the order of computer information search help service, library usage guide service, book search method guide service, and recommended or popular book guide service. In terms of 'Elderly Services by Elderly' providers, the willingness to participate was the highest among those in their 60s, and the preferred method of participation was paid volunteer work three times a week, within four hours a day. Accordingly, it was analyzed that participants were recruited in connection with the social contribution activities of the government employment program for the elderly and prior training was necessary. In addition, the need for the creation of a community space for the elderly and the participation of retired librarians was raised.