• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

자동차 생산라인은 차체라인, 도장라인, 의장라인으로 구성된다. 이러한 생산라인들은 직렬로 배치되어 흐름생산을 거치기 때문에 전후 공정의 상태에 따라 라인에서는 starvation(물량 부족으로 인한 생산 불가능) 또는 blocking(용량 초과로 인한 생산 불가능)으로 인한 정지가 발생한다. 이에 starvation이나 blocking으로 오는 생산 손실을 막기 위해 WBS, PBS와 같은 창고를 개별적으로 보유하여 운영된다. 본 논문은 라인의 버퍼역할을 하는 각 창고들을 통합하여 운영할 수 있는 통합창고 시뮬레이션 모형을 제안한다. 적정 Stacker Crane 대수와 AGV 대수를 구하고, 이를 운영할 수 있는 운영방법론을 제안한다. 또한 개별창고와 통합창고 모형을 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 효율성 비교를 한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.234-248
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• 1998

거친 절리면의 수직팽창 특성이 전단거동에 미치는 영향을 고려할 수 있는 새로운 전단거동 구성법책을 탄소성이론에 근거하여 제시하였다. 공식화 과정에서는 항복함수 및 소성포텐셜 함수로 Barton의 경험적 강도식들이 이용되었다. 전단강도의 경화 및 연화현상을 반영시키기 이해 mobilized JRC 개념이 적용되었다. 최대전단강도 이전과 이후의 JRC 변화는 절리면 전단방향 소성일의 함수로 표현할 수 있다고 가정하였다. 제안된 구성모델을 개별체 절리 유한요소에 적용하여 실행시켰다. 경계조건을 달리한 수치 직접전단시험을 통하여 제안된 모델을 검증하였다. 해석결과는 여러 문헌에 보고된 실험결과들과 잘 일치하였다. 또한 제안된 모델은 거친 절리면의 전단시험에서 특징적으로 나타나는 현상들을 잘 모사할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of community mapping based on volunteered Geographic Information System on smoking prevention among female middle school students. Methods: This study used a triangulation method which integrated quantitative data from a "pre-post" study on a nonequivalent control group and qualitative data from focus group interviews. Data was collected from 4 August 2015 to 10 January 2016. The experimental group (n=24) participated in community mapping along with education on smoking prevention and the control group (n=28) participated only in routine education. Both groups were measured on their knowledge and attitude related to smoking prevention through self-report questionnaires. The quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$ analysis, and t-test using SPSS 23.0. The qualitative data was collected through focus group interviews to investigate the social-environmental effect of smoking prevention. Results: Knowledge related to smoking prevention was significantly higher (t=2.591, p=.013) in the experimental group than the control group. But attitude related to smoking prevention did not show significant differences between the two groups. When asked about their experiences of the community mapping program, it turned out to be a process where they could learn practical knowledge related to smoking prevention and experience their individual practices manifested as collective intelligence while working together with community members. The study found that community mapping had an effect on smoking prevention from a social and environmental aspect. Conclusion: To be more effective, school education on smoking prevention should be provided in connection with the community. It is also desirable to provide an opportunity where adolescents can experience discovering and solving practical problems along with their own community.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 액션러닝에 기반을 둔 영적간호 교육 프로그램이 간호대학생의 영적요구, 영적안녕 그리고 영적간호역량에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위함이다. 단일군 사전 사후 설계이며 연구 참여자는 간호대학생 2학년이었다. 학생들은 2014년 9월부터 12월까지 16회에 걸친 액션러닝 기반 영적간호 교육 프로그램에 참여하였다. 가설검증은 SPSS WIN 23.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 paired t-test로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 액션러닝 기반 영적간호 교육 프로그램은 간호대학생의 영적요구를 감소시키고, 영적안녕과 영적간호역량을 증진시켰다. 아울러 총체적인 간호를 제공하는 전문적인 간호사의 역량 강화에 기여하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 추후 다양한 교육 분야에서 액션러닝 기반 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 적용할 것을 제언한다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2015

In order to clarify the thermal and hygroscopic properties of indoor particulate matter (PM) in a semiclosed subway space, which is critically important for understanding of the distinctive particle formation processes as well as the assessment of their health effects, the size-resolved PMs (i.e., $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10-2.5}$) were intensively collected on the platform of Miasageori station on the Seoul Subway Line-4. The elemental concentrations in soluble and insoluble fractions were determined by PIXE from the bulkily pretreated $PM_{2.5}$. The thermal and hygroscopic characteristics of individual particles were investigated via a combination of the unique pretreatment techniques (i.e., the high-temperature rapid thermal process and the water dialysis) and SEM-EDX analysis. Iron and calcium were unequaled in insoluble and soluble $PM_{2.5}$ fractions, respectively, with overwhelming concentration. The SEM-EDX's elemental net-counts for the pre- and post-pyrolyzed PMs newly suggest that magnesium and several elements (i.e., silica, aluminum, and calcium) may be readily involved in the newly generated subway fine PM by a high-temperature thermal processing when trains are breaking and starting. Through the water dialysis technique, it turned out that calcium has meaningful amount of water soluble fraction. Furthermore, the concentrations of the counter-ions associated with the calcium in subway $PM_{10-2.5}$ were theoretically estimated.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

본 연구는 초등학교에서 정보처리 능력 향상을 위한 교수 방법에 대한 연구이다. 현 시대의 학생들은 정보의 홍수 속에서 '정보를 활용하여 새로운 지식을 창출해 낼 수 있느냐?' 하는 정보 처리 능력이 중요하게 요구된다. 그러나 초등컴퓨터 교육 현장은 '정보 처리 능력'에 대한 교육이 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 Barrow의 문제해결학습 모형을 적용하여 정보처리 능력을 신장 시킬 수 있는 방안을 제안하고 적용하였다. 학생들은 컴퓨터를 이용하여 주어진 문제들을 해결하는 과정 속에서 자연스럽게 새로운 정보를 창출할 수 있고, 정보의 연관성을 표현할 수 있는 능력을 기르도록 하였다. 연구방법은 부산의 초등학교 5학년 23명을 대상으로 8개월간 적용하여, 적용 전후를 비교하는 실험연구를 중심으로 하였다. 연구 결과 '정보의 정선', '정보의 신뢰성 확보', '정보의 분류 분석 비교', '정보의 내면화' 등에서 주목할 만한 발전적인 변화가 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.194-205
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of structured patients education had on prevention of osteoporosis, with fracture and the resulting of life style changes in patients. In this study, a non equivalent control group pre and a post test design was employed. Data were collected through an interview process using questionnaires from April to December of 1999. The subjects, consisting of 59 patients with fractures and over 40 years of age, were diagnosed in K University Hospital. This study tested the patients knowledge at three times. The times were before the program 2 weeks into the program, and 6 months after education program. Life style change related to prevention of osteoporosis was shown twice (before and 6 months after the education program) in the experimental group, and control group went without it. The instruments used for this study were developed by literature review according to a reliability test. Data was analyzed using X2 test and t test to determine similarities between the experimental and control groups. The hypothesis was tested using repeated measures of ANOVA, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1. The first hypothesis was accepted: a higher level of knowledge about osteoporosis was found in experimental groups who received education than to the control group during the period (F=19.82, p=.0001). 2. The second hypothesis was accepted: a higher level of life style changes about osteoporosis on experimental group were recorded than as compared to control group (t=3.55, p=.001). 3. The third hypothesis was accepted: the higher the knowledge about osteoporosis the higher the level of performance of life style changes about prevention of osteoporosis (r=.600, p=.0001). In conclusion, structured patient education in patient with fractures improved the level of knowledge about osteoporosis and more likely undergo of life style changes 6 months after the education program. Also reeducation would be needed 6 months after program ends. That is structured patient education in pamphlet form would be very effective in nursing intervention that may to result in life style changes. Therefore further research is needed to reinforce the education material and to generalize the education effect.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1156-1166
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• 1999

의사결정 시스템은 전사적인 의사결정과 전략적 정보수집을 위해 거대한 량의 정보를 빠른 시간내에 제공할 것을 요구한다. 데이타 웨어하우스는 이러한 정보를 신속히 제공하기 위해 여러 지역 데이타베이스로부터 필요한 정보를 사전에 추출하고 가공 및 통합하여 별도의 저장공간에 저장한다. 일반적으로, 웨어하우스 내의 정보는 지역 데이타베이스에 저장된 정보에 대한 실체화된 뷰로서 간주하며 지역 데이타의 변경에 따라 일관성을 유지하도록 반영해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 일관성을 유지하기 위해 정보 공유가 가능한 데이타 웨어하우스 시스템의 구조와 비-보상 실체 뷰 관리 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 데이타 웨어하우스 시스템의 구조는 지역 데이타베이스에서 추출된 정보를 관리하는 별도의 지역 정보 관리자를 두어 뷰 관리자들 간의 정보 공유가 가능하게 한다. 비-보상 실체 뷰 관리 기법은 지역 데이타 변경 사건에 따른 뷰 관리 시 다른 사건에 의해 영향을 받지 않도록 하기 때문에 기본의 사전 보상이나 나중 보상 기법과는 달리 추가적인 질의 처리를 요구하지 않는 기법이다.Abstract A decision support system(DSS) commonly requires fast access to tremendous volume of information. A data warehouse is a database storing the information that is extracted, filtered and integrated from several relevant local databases to reply upon aggregated queries. The information stored in the data warehouse can be regarded as materialized views. The materialized view has to be modified according to the change of the corresponding local databases to preserve the data consistency. In this paper, we propose a data warehousing system architecture allowing information sharing (DAWINS), and a non-compensating materialized view maintenance algorithm(NCA). DAWINS architecture allows relevant information to be shared by individual view managers with local data manager for each local database. Unlikely to the pre- or post-compensating algorithms, which are required to remove the effects of some events to other view in the process of view maintenance, NCA does not require any additional query processing, since a local data manager in DAWINS already maintains the effects of update events occurring in local systems.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.603-613
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• 2010

Nutrition education in elementary school is confronted with the present problem, as a legal basis about obligation of nutrition education in school was clarified. Moreover, it's also important for providing evidence based scientific resources to make a study of evaluating the education effectiveness. Most studies of the nutrition education effectiveness have evaluated the changing dietary attitude and nutritional knowledge score before and after the nutrition education, and suggested the effectiveness of intervention as changing between pre- and post-treatment. Nutrition education, however, purposing long-term changes, follow-up evaluation process about the learned attitude and knowledge of nutrition education were requested. For these reasons, this study attempted to fulfilled standardized nutrition education program which use "Na Story and Food World" and "Na Story for Me", a textbook for the 1st-3rd grade and 4th-6th grade designed by KFDA, and analyzed the changes about the effectiveness of nutrition education happened over a period of time. In this study, each student was assessed their dietary attitude and nutritional knowledge by four periods, before the education, right after the education, after 3 months, and after 6 months. As a result, an average score of nutritional knowledge before the education, $70.08{\pm}17.91$, were changed significantly higher right after the education to $85.69{\pm}15.05$ (p < 0.001), but it lowered to $84{\pm}15.56$ after 3 month. After the nutrition education, students in all grades had positive dietary attitude to Na reduction (p < 0.001). However, the healthy eating attitude about Na reduction had been unable to maintain after 3 and 6 months. Therefore, the systematic reeducated program in elementary school was positively necessary to reinforce children's learning and cognitive skills to maintain healthy eating knowledge and attitude toward Na reduction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-479
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• 2018

The aging process induces a plethora of changes in the body including alterations in hormonal regulation and metabolism in various organs including the heart. Aging is associated with marked increase in the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, it significantly hampers the development of adaptive response to various forms of conditioning stimuli (pre/post/remote conditioning). Aging significantly impairs the activation of signaling pathways that mediate preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. It possibly impairs the uptake and release of adenosine, decreases the number of adenosine transporter sites and down-regulates the transcription of adenosine receptors in the myocardium to attenuate adenosine-mediated cardioprotection. Furthermore, aging decreases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha ($PGC-1{\alpha}$) and subsequent transcription of catalase enzyme which subsequently increases the oxidative stress and decreases the responsiveness to preconditioning stimuli in the senescent diabetic hearts. In addition, in the aged rat hearts, the conditioning stimulus fails to phosphorylate Akt kinase that is required for mediating cardioprotective signaling in the heart. Moreover, aging increases the concentration of $Na^+$ and $K^+$, connexin expression and caveolin abundance in the myocardium and increases the susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, aging also reduces the responsiveness to conditioning stimuli possibly due to reduced kinase signaling and reduced STAT-3 phosphorylation. However, aging is associated with an increase in MKP-1 phosphorylation, which dephosphorylates (deactivates) mitogen activated protein kinase that is involved in cardioprotective signaling. The present review describes aging as one of the major confounding factors in attenuating remote ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection along with the possible mechanisms.