• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 2004

This study is carried out to investigate the effect of any periods in the freezer and the product of value, moisture content, baking loss, specific volume loaf in manufncturing process thereof. The moisture content of the croissant slightly decreased as the periods passed in the freezer. And as passed periods frozen croissant dough dried naturally by the freezer fan. 1. As frozen periods passed croissant dough decreased moisture content and loaf volume. The volume is relation to the molsture content and croissant dough' gluten. Yeast is active but croissant dough is dried so pastry margarine's moisture vaporized little by little. 2. 1 day frozen bench time provided maximum specific loaf volume while croissant shape was unsettled, moisture content was highest. At the same dough croissant hardness had very sofi crust. 3. 1week and 2weets frozen dough had specific loaf volume and hardness with proper crust color. As the proper bench time provided best shape of croissant, color. 4. 4weeks and 8weeks frozen dough had over-al] value of croissant accelerating older product. As the same result, over Sweets frozen periods product were not available for sale and serving to customers. 5. By the sensory evaluation tests, over-all croissant as 1 week, 2weeks were significantly higher quality those than 6. 1day, 4weeks and 8weeks. Textural properties of croissant over 4weeks frozen periods so hard for every panel. According to the study, not croissant dough but also any other frozen dough(ex.Danish, brioche etc.)have to need proper bench time and 1week or 2weeks circulation making method have to given encouragement to practical pastry industry. Add to this study using only for frozen dough yeast instead of using fresh and instant

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.43-52
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• 2009

Online game is the most popular representative example of the fast growing virtual world. Also, influence of interaction between virtual and real world is getting greater, and much discussion about virtual world and economy. However, it is often overlooked that the types of virtual economy can be very diverse depending on conditions of social and legal environment and policies of companies. Therefore, the influence of interactions between virtual world and real world is not managed by government and companies properly enough. We propose that virtual world is a system which has six types of agents and five types of transactions. Then there are twenty-four combinations, and we illustrated four typical combinations among them to explain practical applications of our model. The purpose of our categorization is not only to help to understand characteristics but also to provide insights for management and improvement for virtual worlds.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2010

Hotel practitioners are searching for leadership typology to maximize employees' capabilities and consistency in their attitude. Also, they are increasingly interested in their employees' traits which constitute and influence their job attitude. This study sought to investigate the impact of servant leadership mediated through self-leadership on employees' job attitude. Focused on hotel restaurant employees, representing 15 hotels in Seoul Metropolitan Area, a survey was conducted and 272 respondents out of 297 were empirically analyzed. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 for Windows and AMOS software program. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results suggested that servant leadership has a significant impact on self-leadership. Furthermore, self-leadership was found to have a significant impact on job satisfaction. However, direct influence of self-leadership on organizational commitment was not found. Finally, servant leadership was found to have a direct impact on job satisfaction. On the other hand, servant leadership positively influences on organizational commitment when mediated through self-leadership. In addition, this study provides practical implications for hotel restaurant professionals in linking servant leadership mediated through self-leadership to job attitude.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2017

At present, various technologies are rapidly advancing, centering on the concept of virtuality. From the technology of virtual reality, which allows us to experience the senses as if they existed, to the technology of augmented reality, which provides new information or services based on reality, they are no longer strange things for ourselves because we experience them every day and night. Even though the concept of virtual is very familiar in terms of technology, it is not known how individuals accept the concept of virtuality, how they change our way of thinking, and how their behavior changes. This study aims to approach virtuality perceived by the individual from the viewpoint of individual's information processing. Virtuality is defined as the degree to which the situation facing an individual is far from actual reality. An individual can judge the degree of virtuality easily, which is considered to be a psychological distance which is an important factor in personal information processing. In this study, we have confirmed whether the argument is applied to the real world in the context of advertisement. According to the construal level theory, when an individual feels virtuality at a high level, the individual thinks that the situation they are facing is psychologically distant and accordingly has a high level construal. Therefore, it is more influenced by 'advertisement emphasizing symbolic appeal' which is matching with higher level. On the other hand, when an individual feels a low level of virtuality, the individual thinks that the situation they are facing is psychologically near and thus has a low level construal. Therefore, respondents are more sensitive to functional appeal, which is related to lower level. This study has the theoretical contribution in terms that the degree of virtuality affects the psychological distance of the individual. In addition, the results of this study have practical contribution in terms of being able to be actively used in the information delivery strategy centered on the advertisement.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2013

Recently, cloud computing has been viewed as a technology of great influence. Despite the importance of personal cloud services, the majority of cloud computing studies has been focused on an enterprise level. Therefore, in this research, we list variables of personal cloud computing characteristics (accessibility, storage, trust, perceived ease of use, availability) from preceding research done on an enterprise level. So, through pilot testing, we analyze whether examined characteristic variables affect the intention to use personal cloud computing. Next, we investigate the relevancy between user characteristics, including gender, age, and occupation, and the usage rate of personal cloud computing. Lastly, we implement an analysis of variance in order to speculate whether there is any difference between the five characteristic variables in using personal cloud computing between cloud service enterprises. For empirical testing people with experience in personal cloud computing are surveyed. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, T-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis are implemented with 325 valid samples. The analysis results are as follows: First, among user characteristic variables, 'occupation' shows a significant relationship with cloud service usage, Second, between cloud service enterprises, all five characteristic variables of 'Naver N Drive' are thoroughly evaluated and 'Google Drive' receives a high evaluation in availability and accessibility. Third and finally, all of the selected characteristic variables affect the intention to use personal cloud computing. However, availability is identified to be the most important factor. This research will serve as a reference to enterprises for the practical implementation of personal cloud computing service.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-88
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• 2016

This study aims to help address concerns about the growing demand of wider bandwidth Internet connection in the Philippines. Using articles and research of international organizations and content from official websites of the Philippine government, this paper has carefully examined the slow Internet connectivity and the high cost that the end-users pay for it. This paper suggests that this inefficiency hampers the motivation of users to innovate in a way that could contribute to inclusive growth and the development of an inclusive information society. Through a comparison of the current global ICT situation with the current situation in the Philippines, this paper shows that the country's Internet infrastructure lags behind among those of contemporary developing countries in Asia, particularly in terms of Internet connectivity. In 2015, Thailand had an average Internet speed of 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4, and Malaysia 4.3. Meanwhile, the Philippines had a meager average Internet speed of 2.8 Mbps, placing the country at 104 among 160 countries, with developed countries in Asia such as South Korea (23.6 Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) ranking 1 and 12, respectively. Findings show that the lack of competition in the Internet connectivity market, among other reasons, is at the root of the dilemma of slow and costly Internet connection. Assessing the accomplishments of the Republic of Korea and other broadband-leading countries has provided practical insights and recommendations that can promote competitiveness. Furthermore, related literature argues how ISP practices may affect Internet speed and cost. This study offers an approach in improving Internet connectivity in the Philippines by bridging the gap between the Internet infrastructure market and government policies.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

A rapid growth of IT convergence into different application areas draws a lot of interest in high performance platform and embedded system. Industry needs well educated computer professionals with the practical understanding on the emerging technologies and core issues of contemporary popular services. In this paper, we present an education framework for computer system architecture based on rigorous analyses of the characteristics of IT convergence services and information technology trends. The proposed framework puts emphasis on real-world and hands-on subjects related to multicore architecture, embedded system and parallel processing. We believe effective use in the development and management of computer system architecture courses encouraging both industries and students.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2002

This study attempts to construct and manage the distance learning system by focusing on education institutins. However, they lack not only web-based courseware for information literacy but also the contents for the management technology. This study tried to design and implement the web-based courseware by using OCP(Oracle Certified Profession) based on the initial Oracle in distance learning. Learners' individual variations were considered based on problem solving learning. Also, the practical contents that could be applied in the educational field were selected. The learning type web-based courseware, using the technology of ASP, DHTML, JAVAscript, VBA, was designed and implemented into the framework that could be updated easily. The result of the study shows: first of all, this courseware induced a greater understanding of the Oracle language and the student's interests. Secondly, the student's had more control over the process of individual learning and achieved the goal more effectively through immediate feedback, finally, the students could learn wherever they have on-line connections to the web server.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.483-490
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• 2015

There are many software reliability models that are based on the times of occurrences of errors in the debugging of software. It is shown that it is possible to do likelihood inference for software reliability models based on finite failure model and non-homogeneous Poisson Processes (NHPP). For someone making a decision about when to market software, the conditional failure rate is an important variables. The infinite failure model are used in a wide variety of practical situations. Their use in characterization problems, detection of outlier, linear estimation, study of system reliability, life-testing, survival analysis, data compression and many other fields can be seen from the many study. Statistical process control (SPC) can monitor the forecasting of software failure and thereby contribute significantly to the improvement of software reliability. Control charts are widely used for software process control in the software industry. In this paper, proposed a control mechanism based on NHPP using mean value function of Musa-Okumo and Power law type property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.123-125
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• 2016

Big data analysis refers the ability to store, manage and analyze collected data from an existing database management tool. In addition, extract value from large amounts of structured or unstructured data set and means the technology to analyze the results. Meta-analysis refers to a statistical literature synthesis method from the quantitative results of many known empirical studies. We conducted a meta-analysis and review of between success factors based the information systems success model researches. This study focused a total of 14 research papers that established causal relationships between success factors based the information systems success model published in Korea academic journals during 2000 and 2016. Based on these findings, several theoretical and practical implications were suggested and discussed with the difference from previous researches.