• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.200-209
• /
• 2014

Background: Spinal opioid administration is an excellent option to separate the desirable analgesic effects of opioids from their expected dose-limiting side effects to improve postoperative analgesia. Therefore, physicians must better identify either specific opioids or adequate doses and routes of administration that result in a mainly spinal site of action rather than a cerebral analgesic one. Methods: The purpose of this topical review is to describe current available clinical evidence to determine what opioids reach high enough concentrations to produce spinally selective analgesia when given by epidural or intrathecal routes and also to make recommendations regarding their rational and safety use for the best management of postoperative pain. To this end, a search of Medline/Embase was conducted to identify all articles published up to December 2013 on this topic. Results: Recent advances in spinal opioid bioavailability, based on both animals and humans trials support the theory that spinal opioid bioavailability is inversely proportional to the drug lipid solubility, which is higher in hydrophilic opioids like morphine, diamorphine and hydromorphone than lipophilic ones like alfentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil. Conclusions: Results obtained from meta-analyses of RTCs is considered to be the 'highest' level and support their use. However, it's a fact that meta-analyses based on studies about treatment of postoperative pain should explore clinical surgery heterogeneity to improve patient's outcome. This observation forces physicians to use of a specific procedure surgical-based practical guideline. A vigilance protocol is also needed to achieve a good postoperative analgesia in terms of efficacy and security.

• Journal of Information Management
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.54-71
• /
• 2001

This paper analyzes the role of technology valuation in licensing, a commonly used type of transaction of technology, and reviews methods to analyze information on technology valuation for technology licensing. It contemplates the concepts, types and practical application of cost-based valuation, market-based valuation, discounted cash flow, and economic analysis. It shows that each method considers how to share profits associated with technology between licensor and licensee in a fair and reasonable manner when we apply any method to technology licensing.

• Journal of Information Management
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.31-56
• /
• 1993

In order to respond to the public needs to utilize the newspapers as high-valued information resources, the number of the commercially available news items which are transformed into a form of database has been remarkably increased by the introduction of CTS into the newspaper companies. As for the domestically available Japanese and foreign newspaper article database, explanations are given to the following items. 1) Characteristics of database, such as date of coverage, frequency updating, time-lag, news sources, search terms, available information, etc. 2) Matters to be noticed at the utilization. 3) Pattern of utilization depending on the object of the investigation, such as the investigation of company, market trend, etc. Since the newspaper article database will be available in a form of digitized information, making the combination with the inter-company LAN system possible, increased opportunities to use it in near future are expected.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2020

Footpad dermatitis (FPD) can be considered as a threat for poultry production due to it causes losses due to condemnation in slaughterhouse. The prevalence and the severity of FPD in broiler breeders increase over time with development of poultry industry. The condition is produced by multifactorial including include drinker design and management, diet composition, house (temperature and humidity levels), litter (type, quality, and quantity) and gut health. Bacterial infections can be associated. FPD lesions can develop in less than a week. FPD is a variable size of inflammatory lesion of the footpad in commercial poultry characterized by necrotic lesions on the plantar surface of the footpad of poultry. These lesions can be exposed after removal of fecal mass and litter stuck on it. There are considerable and numerous interactions between the environment and the genetic traits. Prevention depends mainly on improvement of litter condition. Genetic selection against footpad dermatitis must be contributed to reduce pain and suffering for particular bird experiencing contact dermatitis as well as to avoid economic losses. The objective of this review is to collect different literature written about FPD to be available to students, researchers and veterinarian in poultry practical.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.6 s.144
• /
• pp.698-709
• /
• 2005

This research analyzes the design work and construction work, which might be arising out of or during the procurement process of naval ships of the Korean Navy. This research also suggests the applicable information methodology driven out by utilizing PLM/POM tool, which could be one of practical solutions to the problems arising from the outcome of this analysis. As to the procedure and methodology of information technology of design and construction work of the ship, IPPD was adopted. Before its actual application, main contents of the IPPD were introduced in this research. And it's real application and subsequent concrete surroundings of IPDE were defined. In addition, addition, several detailed and necessary works to be fulfilled were defined, mainly focused on the application of IPDD for the design and construction stages of the ships suitable for the Korean Navy, And also, this analysis defines the main functions to be secured by adopting the PLM/POM tool and obtained the relevant functions partially herewith.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• summer
• /
• pp.204-208
• /
• 2004

Embedded business will be expanded market more and more since customers seek more wearable and ubiquitous systems. Cellular telephones, PDAs, notebooks and portable multimedia devices could bring higher microprocessor revenues and more rewarding improvements in performance and functions. Increasing battery capacity is still creeping along the roadmap. Until a small practical fuel cell becomes available, microprocessor developers must come up with power-reduction methods. According to MPR 2003, the instruction and data caches of ARM920T processor consume $44\%$ of total processor power. The rest of it is split into the power consumptions of the integer core, memory management units, bus interface unit and other essential CPU circuitry. And the relationships among CPU, peripherals and caches may change in the future. The processor working on higher operating frequency will exact larger cache RAM and consume more energy. In this paper, we propose advanced low power trace cache which caches traces of the dynamic instruction stream, and reduces cache access times. And we evaluate the performance of the trace cache and estimate the power of the trace cache, which is compared with conventional cache.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2009

SaaS (Software as a Service) provides software in the form of service via internet rather than software package. Thus a large number of users could use the service of new type of software service as long as they connect to internet. SaaS, as a delivery model attracted in the software industry, grows with impelling force. SaaS has been adopted as an information spreading strategy of small and medium corporate so that its effect has been recognized in both academic and practical areas. However, there are not much researches about it because SaaS is still in the introductory stage. This study focused on the success model of SaaS to find out the factors that affect usability and the satisfaction of users. The sample is based on the on-line survey for the 549 government officials who are using SaaS. At last, the number of the employed answers are 157 after unqualified ones are removed. The result shows that Security, Service quality, Price and System Integration significantly affect the usefulness and the satisfactions of users.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.399-408
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an education program on the knowledge of medication and prevention of depression in the elderly at a local community. Methods: This study utilized the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty consecutive people were included in this study for the experimental group, and another 30 people were allocated to the control group. The program was performed once a week for 3 weeks. Data were collected from March 15 to April 30, 2010 and statistical analyses were performed by ${\chi}^2$-test and independent t-test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the knowledge of medication, depression and medication compliance between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that an education program for the knowledge of medication and prevention of depression in the elderly with chronic disease could improve their knowledge of medication and their medication compliance, and decrease their depression. These results suggest that education of knowledge with social psychology can be an effective and practical method of management to the elderly with chronic disease at local communities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.837-846
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the dilapidated Fine View Square located in the city of Gangneung and analyze problems for building it into a sustainable space under an effective management plan. Further to creating an ecological base for restoring the natural circulation, a restorative method for the damaged area, a spatial assignment by the UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB), and an urban ecological park, we not only wanted to provide an environment that is citizen friendly, but also a practical and realizable project to connect with the various methods and programs mentioned above, while utilizing the Ministry of the Environment 's ecosystem conservation fund. In conclusion, we found that it would be possible to contribute to building an urban ecological park the Ministry of Environment proposed while restoring the lost natural circulation in Gyodong Square in the city of Gangneung and ecological soundness of the city along with the reduced heat island effect and the increased biological diversity and Ecological Soundness.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to make profits and enhance national competitiveness through the globalization of Korean food. For this purpose, this study analyzed the certificate of qualification for Korean cooking technicians in the field of technical cooking. The results of presenting the perception, motivation for acquisition, and improvement measures of the Korean cooking certificate are as follows. First, as for the perception, if Korean cooking technicians acquire the certificate, they are acknowledged to acquire the qualifications and basic technology as licensed cooks in Korean food; however, they cannot practically execute cooking affairs. They cannot receive additional marks in time of employment. Getting the special education in cooking schools is helpful to acquiring the certificate. Second, the motivation for acquisition results from its advantage over other types of business, and a hope for running Korean food restaurants. Third, the improvement measures cover changing examination contents to be utilized in practical affairs, improving cooking methods, fair evaluation, and considering excessive technicians not to depreciate the value of the certificate.