• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

Since the quality of final products is significantly affected by the homogeneity of powder mixture, the powder blending process has been regarded as one of the critical pharmaceutical unit processes, especially for solid dosage forms. Accordingly, the monitoring to determine a blending process' end-point based on a faster and more accurate in-line/on-line analysis has attracted enormous attentions recently. Among various analytical tools, NIR (near-infrared) spectroscopy has been extensively studied for PAT (process analytical technology) system due to its many advantages. In this study, NIR spectroscopy was employed with an optical fiber probe for the in-line monitoring of fluid-bed blending process. The position of the probe, the ratio of binary powder mixture, the powder size differential and the back-flush period of the shaking bag were examined as principal process parameters. During the blending process of lactose and mannitol powders, NIR spectra were collected, corrected, calibrated and analyzed using MSC and PLS method, respectively. The probe position was optimized. A reasonable end-point was predicted as 1,500 seconds based on 5% RSD value. As a consequence, it was demonstrated that the blending process using a fluid-bed processor has several advantages over other methods, and the application of NIRS with an optical fiber probe as PAT system for a fluid-bed blending process could be high feasible.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to propose the optimal blending ratio of honey, dextrose syrup and salt with regard to the amount of soybean powder for the manufacture of soybean Dasik. For the establishment of addition amount of honey, dextrose syrup and salt, the sensory characteristics were compared in relation to the physiochemical characteristics and color values. The results were summarized as follows: Soybean Dasik contained 16.77 % protein. As the results of sensory evaluation in according to color values, taste and moistness, the optimal blending ratio of honey and dextrose syrup was 80~90%, and that of salt 0.06% in proportion to the total weight of soybean powder. As the test results of mechanical characteristics, hardness of soybean Dasik decreased as the increasing of the addition amount of honey and dextrose syrup. Cohesiveness, gumminess, brittleness and springiness did not show any significant differences statistically. Lightness(L) decreased as the increasing of addition amount of honey and dextrose syrup. Redness(a) was high at the 90% addition level, but yellowness(b) not significantly different at the 70, 80 and 90% level of honey and dextrose syrup to the total weight of soybean powder. Therefore, the optimal blending ratio of soybean Dasik was proposed at the levels of 45% honey, 45% dextrose syrup and 0.06% salt to the total weight of soybean powder.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.220-225
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• 2003

원자력발전소에서 발생하는 방사성 폐액은 일반적으로 액체폐기물처리계통 폐액증발기 및 농축 폐액건조설비에서 증발 및 건조 공정을 통해 수분을 함유하지 않은 분말형태로 변한다. 이 분말형태의 폐기물은, 취급 시와 처분 후 안전성을 확보할 수 있도록, 파라핀과 균일하게 혼합되어 고화된 후 철제드럼에 포장된다. 농축폐액건조설비를 이용하여 농축폐액을 건조시킨 후 분말 형태의 폐기물을 파라핀과 혼합하는 공정을 수행할 때, 방사성 폐액 중 붕소와 나트륨의 몰비가 0.2를 초과하는 경우, 분말형태의 폐기물이 파라핀과 균일하게 혼합되지 않고 층을 이루어 분리되어 드럼에 안정고화가 잘 안되는 경우가 발생하였고 또한 일부는 드럼화 전에 설비 내에 고착되는 현상이 발생하는 것을 경험하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2009

무사마귀병이 상습적으로 발생하는 농가포장에 달걀껍질을 토양혼화 처리한 후 배추를 정식하고 $10{\sim}13$일 간격으로 4회에 걸쳐 배추를 수확하여 무사마귀병 발병과 배추생육, 토양 pH 변화 등을 조사한 결과 지상부 생육에 있어서 난막을 제거한 달걀껍질 처리구의 배추들이 시험중기부터 다른 처리구들에 비하여 빠른 생육을 보였으며, 무사마귀병 발병도도 가장 낮았다. 난막이 있는 달걀껍질 처리구는 무처리 대조구보다는 생육이 좋았으나 난막 없는 달걀껍질 처리구보다는 낮았다. 토양 pH는 처리 3주 이후부터 차이가 커지기 시작하여, 난막 없는 달걀껍질 처리구에서는 8.0 이상으로 상승한 반면 무처리구에서는 6.8 정도에 머물렀다. 달걀껍질과 기타 칼슘화합물의 효과를 비교한 시험에서는 $CaCO_3$ 처리구의 발병도가 1.7로 가장 낮았고, 무사마귀병 방제용 살균제인 플루설파마이드 처리구와 무사마귀병 저항성 품종인 CR그린배추의 발병도가 모두 1.9인 반면, 달걀껍질 처리구의 발병도는 2.7로 높은 편이었다. 무처리 대조구의 발병도는 3.4였다. 그러나 배추 생육은 발병도와는 다른 양상을 보여, 달걀껍질 처리구의 배추 생육이 약 2.1kg으로 가장 좋았던 반면 무사마귀병 저항성 품종인 CR그린배추의 생육은 약 2.0 kg, 무사마귀병 방제용 살균제인 플루설파마이드 처리구에서는 약 1.7 kg, 그리고 무처리 대조구에서는 약 1.3 kg에 머물렀다. 달걀껍질은 무사마귀병을 크게 억제하지는 못하여도 배추의 생육을 증진시키는 효과는 매우 컸다. 따라서, 배추를 정식하기 전에 토양에 달걀껍질을 혼화한다면 무사마귀병 발생에 관계없이 배추를 재배가 가능할 것이다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2008

달걀껍질을 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25의 비율로 토양에 혼화처리 하였을 때 배추를 비롯한 몇 가지 작물의 종자 발아율에는 별다른 변화가 없었다. 달걀껍질 혼화수용액의 pH는 증가하였으며, 수용액의 pH가 증가할수록 Plasmodiophora brassicae의 휴면포자 활성율은 감소하였는데, 달걀껍질 혼화수용액에서의 불활성화율이 같은 pH의 수용액에서의 불활성화율보다 5배 이상 높았다. '노랑 봄배추'는 달걀껍질을 토양에 혼화하였을 때 무처리에 비하여 생육이 증가한 반면, 다른 작물들의 생육은 달걀껍질 처리구에서 무처리보다 저조하였다. '노랑봄배추'는 달걀껍질을 $1:20{\sim}1:15$로 토양에 혼화하였을 때 엽수는 무처리의 약 150%, 지상부 생체중은 무처리의 약 470% 증가율을 보였다. 토양에 혼화한 달걀껍질 입자의 크기는 $0.8{\sim}2.0mm$일 때 배추 생장에, 그리고 0.4 mm 이하일 때 병 억제율에 가장 좋은 영향을 미쳤으나, 입자의 크기간에 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 토양의 pH는 모든 달걀껍질 처리구에서 8.0 이상으로 높게 나타났으며, 혼화비율에 따른 통계적 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 무사마귀병 방제가는 달걀껍질 1:20 처리구에서 58.5%로 공시살균제인 혹안나 처리구의 78.5% 보다는 낮았으나 배추의 지상부 생육에 있어서는 모든 달걀껍질 처리구에서 무처리나 대조약제 처리구 보다 높았다. 따라서 달걀껍질의 토양혼화는 배추 무사마귀병을 완전히 방제하지는 못하지만 배추의 생육을 촉진하여 감염포장에서도 배추 수확을 가능하게 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

In this study, we prepare polymer solar cells incorporating organic ligand-modified Ag nanoparticles (O-AgNPs) highly dispersed in the P3HT:PCBM layer. Ag nanoparticles decorated with water-dispersible ligands (WAgNPs) were also utilized as a control sample. The existence of the ligands on the Ag surface was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Metal nanoparticles with different surface chemistries exhibited different dispersion tendencies. O-AgNPs were highly dispersed even at high concentrations, whereas W-AgNPs exhibited significant aggregation in the polymer layer. Both dispersion and blending concentration of the Ag nanoparticles in P3HT:PCBM matrix had critical effects on the device performance as well as light absorption. The significant changes in short-circuit current density ($J_{SC}$) of the solar cells seemed to be related to the change in the polymer morphology according to the concentration of AgNPs introduced. These findings suggested the importance of uniform dispersion of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and their blending concentration conditions in order to boost the solar cell performance.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.706-707
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• 2006

Premixes treated with a binder, such as in the FLOMET process, exhibit better flow, reduced dusting and segregation and improved productivity and part consistency compared to conventional premixes. The binder treatment is highly suitable for high performance P/M applications which often require premixes containing very fine alloying additives and excellent die filling characteristics. With this process, various binders and lubricants can be utilized in order to make premixes with unique properties. In this paper, the characteristics and performances of bonded premixes are reported.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.684-685
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• 2006

In the present study, the powder metallurgical fabrication of $Bi_{0.4}Te_3Sb_{1.6}$ thermoelectric materials has been studied with specific interest to control the microstructure by the mechanical grinding process. The $Bi_{0.4}Te_3Sb_{1.6}$ thermoelectric powders with a various particle size distribution were prepared by the combination of the mechanical milling and blending processes. The specific electric resistivity of the $Bi_{0.4}Te_3Sb_{1.6}$ sintered bodies mainly depended on the orientation of the crystal structure rather than the particle size of the raw powders.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.128-134
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the strength and durability properties of recycled concrete containing water - redispersible copolymer powder(WRP) and blast furnace slag powder(BSP) [RCWS]. Material used were cemente, recycled coarse aggregare, natural fine aggregate, water-redispersible copolymer powder, blast-furnace slag powder. Especially, Water-redispersible powder was used for blending with Inorganic binders such as cemente, gypsum and hydrated lime etc. First of all, Mixed ratio method of RCWS made Two Type. One was called type-1 which used to BSP content 5% and WRP(Water-redispersible powder) content 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. respectively. Another was called Type-2 which used to BSP(blast furnace slag powder)content 10% and WRP(Water-redispersible powder) content 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. respectively. According to the experimental results of (RCWS), Incase Type-2 at curing age 28days, Compressive strength, pulse velocity and dynamic modulous of elasticity were shown higher than Type-1 and The more WRP content increasing($0%{\sim}6%$) was the lower Compressive strength, Pulse velocity and Dynamic modulous of elasticity. Water absorption ratio was in the range of $3.85%\;{\sim}\;3.23%$, it was almost equal to Type-1, 2 but Increasing the WRP content($0%{\sim}6%$), The water absorption ratio is decreased.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.417-431
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• 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide to obtain partially defluorinated fluoropolymers with expected properties such as improving hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. Raman spectrum and FT-IR results confirmed the existence of conjugated carbon double bonds after alkaline treatment. As the concentration increased, the degree of defluorination increased. The morphology and structure of membranes were examined. The permeation performance was investigated. The results showed that membrane's hydrophilicity increased with increase of the percentage of alkaline treated PVDF powder. Moreover, in terms of the water contact angle, it decreased from $92^{\circ}$ to a minimum of $68^{\circ}$; while water up take increased from 128 to 138%. Fluxof pure water and the cleaning efficiency increased with the increase of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The fouling potential also decreased with the increase of the percentage of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The reason that makes blending PVDF show different characteristics because of partial defluorination, which led the formation of conjugated C = C bonds and the inclusion of oxygen functionalities. The polyene structure followed by hydroxide attack to yield hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Therefore, the hydrophilicity of blending membrane was improved. The SEM and porosity measurements showed that no obvious variations of the pore dimensions and structures for blend membranes were observed. Mechanical tests suggest that the high content of the alkaline treated PVDF result in membranes with less tolerance of tensile stress and higher brittleness. TGA results exhibited that the blend of alkaline treated PVDF did not change membrane thermal stability.