• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2000

This study was measured weight loss, total ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content to investigate the effect of EPS(expanded polystyrene foam) box, LDPE film pouches and double wall corrugated fiberboard box during storage at $20^{\circ}C$. Weight loss of apple packed with corrugated paperboard box after 40 days storage was 5.7%, and those of LDPE, CE film and EPS box were 0.2-0.5%. Ascorbic acid content of apple packed with LDPE, CE, EPS was higher than that of control. Titratable acidity and total soluble solid content of control were changed 40% and 10%, and the EPS were changed 27% and 4%, respectively. Overall appearances of 'Fuji' apple packed with LDFE, CE and EPS were better than that of control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.103-106
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• 2016

This survey was performed by Kasetsart University Department of Packaging and Materials Technology on Food Packaging Industry in Thailand, was to conduct on the status and trends of food packaging industry to obtain the information on the plastic of packaging materials in food packaging in Thailand. The survey conducted by field visits, questionnaires, interviews and personal communication as well as published data from different sources. The ration of plastic consumption among the industries, packaging is showed 49%, textile 15% and construction 11% respectively. Numbers of company among packaging industry, film processing company is 503, injection molding is 231, blow molding is 216. Production volume of PP, HDPE, LLDPE and LDPE is 1,950 mil. ton, 1,920 mil. ton, 1,150 mil. ton and 685 mil. ton, respectively. Import of plastic 16,668 mil. baht and export is 33,778 mil. baht. Plastic consumption is plastic bottle and flexible pouch, mainly being used in beverage industry. The past decade as it has been replaced by flexible pouches and aseptic cartons in Thailand.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2007

Fibrinopurulent peritonitis and abdominal abscesses associated with Streptococcus (S.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus is reported in a 1-year-old female thoroughbred horse. The horse died after showing 5-day history of the cold, severe abdominal distention, abdominal breathing, hyperthermia, anorexia, and loss of intestinal sound. At necropsy, several liters of turbid yellowish green fluid were seen in the abdominal cavity. Yellowish creamy and fibrinous or bloody materials were presented on the serosa of various abdominal organs that were intensively adhered with each other. Spleen and mesenteric lymph node were remarkably enlarged. Affected lobes of the lung showed severe congestion, hemorrhage and doughy consistency. Histologically, the lung showed hemorrhagic pneumonia with diffuse congestion and edema. Severe diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis with Gram-positive bacterial cocci and adjacent fibrosis were showed in the serosa of various abdominal organs such as liver, spleen, stomach, and intestine. And multifocal abscess pouches were presented in the granulation tissue of abdominal viscera. S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the peritoneal swab, abdominal organs, and lung. Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria from hemorrhagic pneumonia is proposed as the route of infection in this case.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 1990

Frozen, prefried chicken breast meat patties and nuggets were obtained from a commercial plant. The samples were packaged with and without vacuum in pouches and stored at $2-4^{\circ}C$. The quality of these products was measured at 4-day intervals for a period of 28 days. Vacuum packaging did not inhibit or reduce psychrotrophic microbial growth of the patty and nugget samples upon refrigerated storage. Log total fungal counts for vacuum packaged samples remained stationary after reaching a log number of 3.5, while a continuous increase was observed for nonvacuum packaged samples. Vacuum packaging did not prevent an increase of TBA values. Free fatty acid values of the samples were low and remained low throughout the observation period. A continuous darkening of the Internal portions of the samples was observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2006

The effectiveness of a proteinaceous fibrous material formed during commercial fermentation of soy protein (PFSP) and cysteine addition were evaluated in order to improve on the properties of soy protein-based films. Nine types of films were prepared at pH 7, 9, and 11, with heat treatments at $70^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, by casting 5% (w/w) PFSP aqueous solution, containing 2.25% (w/w) glycerol, on to polystyrene plates. The tensile strength (TS) of films ranged from 3.88 to 6.87 MPa. The highest puncture strength (PS) was observed with pH 7.0 films prepared from PFSP solution heated at $70^{\circ}C$ (P<0.05). Alkaline pH and temperature caused a decrease in both the TS and PS of the films. The thickness of films ranged from $58\;to\;74{\mu}m$. Water vapor permeabilities of the films decreased with increasing pH and temperature. To produce films from PFSP, pH value of 7.0 to 9.0 and heat treatment of $70^{\circ}C\;to\;90^{\circ}C$ were needed. A soluble nature of PFSP films in water might be useful for preparation of hot water-soluble pouches. Cysteine addition could be necessary to produce films with increased TS and enhanced barrier properties. The combination treatment that provided the best combination of barrier and mechanical properties was the PFSP film prepared at pH 7.0 with addition of 1% cysteine. The films were good oxygen barriers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 1991

Between April 1986 and September 1990, 34 patients with a single or dominant right ventricle underwent modified Fontan procedure for definite palliation in Seoul National University Children`s Hospital. Their age at operation ranged from 8 months to 14 years [Mean 5.5 years]. The ventricular chamber was solitary and of indeterminate trabecular pattern in 6 patients. 28 patients had posteriorly located rudimentary chamber, all of which were trabecular pouches having no communication with outlet septum. The patterns of atrioventricular connection were common inlet[9], double inlet [11], left atrioventricular valve atresia [12] and right atrioventricular valve atresia with L-loop [2]. Pulmonary outflow tracts were atretic in 7 patients and stenotic in 26 patients. Major associated anomalies included anomalous systemic venous drainage [15], dextrocardia [12] and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection[3]. Shunt operations were previously performed in 13 patients and pulmonary artery banding and atrial septectomy in 1 patients. Surgery included intraatrial baffling in 26 patients, bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt in 13 patients, atrioventricular valve obliteration in 3 patients and atrioventricular valve replacement in 3 patients. Central venous pressure measured postoperatively at intensive care unit ranged from 18cm H2O to 28cm H2O [mean 23.2cm H2O]. Hospital mortality was 35.3% [12/34], all died out of low output syndrome. Suspected causes of low output syndrome include ventricular dysfunction [8], hypoplastic or tortuous pulmonary artery [2] and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance [2]. 19 patients had 31 major complications including low output syndrome [18], arrhythmia [4], acute renal failure [3] and respiratory failure [3]. Mortality rate was significantly higher in the groups receiving intraatrial baffling and AV valve replacement respectively [p<0.05]. 20 patients were followed up postoperatively with the mean follow-up period 15.0$\pm$11.6 months. There were no late death and follow-up catheterization was performed in 10 patients. Mean right atrial pressure was 15.4$\pm$6.8mmHg and ventricular contraction was reasonable in all but one case. Thus, Fontan principle can be applied successfully to all the patients with complex cardiac anomaly of single ventricle variety and better results can be anticipated with judicious selection of patient and improvement of postoperative care.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.522-531
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• 2013

Objectives: A field survey was conducted in a hog-raising industry in order to help develop personal protective equipment for workers which would secure the safety and the health of these workers. The attempt by this study will help enhance safety in the livestock industry and contribute to the advancement of the industry. Method: The study first selected a total of 111 workers from the hog-raising industry as research participants and designed a survey with questions on general characteristics, indoor and outdoor working environments, how the workers would in practice wear or purchase the working clothes, what needs to be improved in these new working clothes, how much the workers would be likely to accept the working clothes and protective equipment, and lastly, conditions of the communicable disease control overgarment. The collected data underwent frequency analysis and cross analysis with SPSS 21.0. Result: The research targets' average age was 50 years. Work efficiency by environmental factor was normal, but all age groups had experience of accidents (79.3%). Major wounded parts were under elbow and under knee. Protective equipment most commonly worn was helmet (83.4%), gloves (98.2%) and boots (99.1%), and satisfaction with them was normal at 3.41. Working clothing most commonly worn was old clothing (31.8%) and everyday wear (17.6%) and satisfaction with it was low. Considering the improvement of working clothing, they required attached pouches, elasticity and deodorization. The acceptability of improved working clothing was high at 69.2%. Conclusion: After problems have been addressed in relevant future research, what has been learned from the concerned study will be referred to as a useful basic reference when the relevant field works to develop high-quality working clothing and protective equipment for workers in the hog-raising industry.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.327-339
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the local tissue reactions associated with 3 different poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) prototype membranes and to compare them to the reactions associated with commercially available resorbable membranes in rats. Methods: Seven different membranes-3 synthetic PLGA prototypes (T1, T2, and T3) and 4 commercially available membranes (a PLGA membrane, a poly[lactic acid] membrane, a native collagen membrane, and a cross-linked collagen membrane)-were randomly inserted into 6 unconnected subcutaneous pouches in the backs of 42 rats. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 13, and 26 weeks. Descriptive histologic and histomorphometric assessments were performed to evaluate membrane degradation, visibility, tissue integration, tissue ingrowth, neovascularization, encapsulation, and inflammation. Means and standard deviations were calculated. Results: The histological analysis revealed complete integration and tissue ingrowth of PLGA prototype T1 at 26 weeks. In contrast, the T2 and T3 prototypes displayed slight to moderate integration and tissue ingrowth regardless of time point. The degradation patterns of the 3 synthetic prototypes were similar at 4 and 13 weeks, but differed at 26 weeks. T1 showed marked degradation at 26 weeks, whereas T2 and T3 displayed moderate degradation. Inflammatory cells were present in all 3 prototype membranes at all time points, and these membranes did not meaningfully differ from commercially available membranes with regard to the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusions: The 3 PLGA prototypes, particularly T1, induced favorable tissue integration, exhibited a similar degradation rate to native collagen membranes, and elicited a similar inflammatory response to commercially available non-cross-linked resorbable membranes. The intensity of inflammation associated with degradable dental membranes appears to relate to their degradation kinetics, irrespective of their material composition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.772-778
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• 1996

In order to investigate changes of flavor during food sterilization in retortable pluches, a model food system consisting of 50% chicken breast meat, 1% salt and 49% chicken stock was analyzed before and after retorting using GC and GC-MS. In the analysis of the volatile components collected by the nitrogen purge and trap technique before and after retorting, a total of 53 peaks were observed on chromatograms and 42 peaks were identified. Among the 42 peaks identified were 17 caused by aldehydes, 9 by hydrocarbons, 8 by alcohols, 6 by ketones, 1 by furan and 1 by terpene. Analysis of the data obtained from our model food system strongly suggested that the compounds responsible for retort flavor are 2-heptanone, 2-pentyl furan and various ketones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the types of and figurative characteristics of in women's embroidered handicrafts of Korea. It also aims to revive Korean traditional beauty, to examine the applicability of Korean traditional design that has both modern beauty and practicality, and to develop Korean women's embroidered handicrafts. The types of women's embroidered of Korea include Jumoni (pouches), Bojagi (wrapping cloths), and other accessories made by sewing. Jumoni consisting of 55.51% of them was the most frequently used handicraft followed by Bojagi (8.66%), and other accessories (35.83%). In terms of the patterns used, animal pattern and plant pattern were used the most frequently. In addition, complex patterns using two or three patterns together(70.49) were more frequent than singular patterns (29.53%). Pictorial type of pattern arrangement (58.24%) was used the most frequently and dense type (39.76%) and sparse type (2.00%) were followed. In terms of the materials on which embroidery was used, Dahn (85.82%) was used the most frequently followed by wool (5.67%), cotton (4.26%), silk (3.55%), and Sa (0.70%). Various techniques of stitches were used such as outline stitch (40.56%), satin and running stitch (29.32%), French nut stitch (28.11%), long and short stitch (21.28%), double leaf stitch (20.88%), and so on. Among them, satin stitch (63.05%) was the most popular type of stitch techniques. Strings (23.56%), maedeup (Korean traditional knots, 8.62%), or tassels (9.77%) were also attached for the purpose of both practicality and of decoration. There were some cases that added cloissone or red-pepper shaped decorations.