• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the KCD codes applied to the treatment of 27 postpartum women who had been treated with Korean traditional medicine in a Korean medicine hospital, so that this study may be used as a basic data for setting the direction of postpartum Korean medical treatment research. Methods: It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center (IRB approval number : WSOH IRB H1708-02-01). Twenty-seven postpartum women who had been treated at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center were received outpatient treatment for two weeks (from September 27, 2017 to January 5, 2018), and the KCD codes applied to the mothers were collected after obtaining the consent. On the day of registration of the study, the fertility, obstetric history and high-risk pregnancies were identified through an interview. Results: 1. The mean age of the 27 subjects was $33.33{\pm}3.99\;years$ old. Among the subjects, 17 mothers (63.0%) were high-risk pregnancy and 10 mothers (37.0%) were normal. 2. Among the 22 major disease categories, 8 categories were used. M code (musculoskeletal system) was used 243 times (70.85%), followed by R code (unclassified symptom) of 51 times (14.87%) and U code (special purpose code) of 23 times (6.71%). 3. The most commonly used code among the ten frequently used codes was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), a total of 47 times. Of the remaining nine codes, except for R60.1 (systemic edema) and U68.4 (The deficiency of yang in Bi), all codes were M codes (musculoskeletal system). 4. The M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category in high-risk group, a total of 159 times. But in specific categories, the most commonly used code was R60.1 (systemic edema), a total of 28 times. 5. In normal group, the M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category, a total of 84 times. Also, in specific categories, the most commonly used code was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), total 29 times. 6. The U code, corresponding to 'the diagnosis of childbirth and other obstetrical medical use', was used 23 times (6.71%), O code three times (0.87%) and Z code two times (0.58%), which was less than 10% of the total number of codes used. Conclusion: When analyzing KCD codes related to Korean medicine treatment for postpartum diseases, it is important to select the KCD codes that reflect the actual clinical state.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.15-33
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to help the development of qualitative research in the field of Korean medicine and policy support for postpartum depression. Methods: Qualitative studies related to postpartum depression retrieved from five databases were evaluated independently by two researchers using the integrated criterion, Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). In addition, each subject of study was qualitatively synthesized. Results: A total of 1,374 papers were searched and 13 papers were finally selected. The results of the study using COREQ lacked information about the researchers. The results of the study were integrated into three themes: "Feeling Failure", "Struggling for self-identity and role of mother" and "Seeing Help and Recovery". Conclusions: Postpartum depression can be accessed through various methods such as Korean medicine counseling, acupuncture and herbal medicine, and further research and manual preparation is required.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.583-590
• /
• 1994

The longitudinal changes in the transitional milk yields of Korean lactating women(14 primiparae, 11 multiparae) have been studied by test-weighing method in the part of Kangwon Province form 7 day to 15 days postpartum. The transitional milk yields at 7, 10, 15 days postpartum were 531$\pm$148,598$\pm$156 and 639$\pm$169g, respectively. The mean milk yield was 589$\pm$162g from 7 to 15 days postpartum. The transitional milk yields between primiparae and multiparae appeared not significantly different but significantly different between mothers of boys and girl(p<0.05). The distribution of individual transitional milk yields were found 550-649g(28.0%), 450-549g(24.0%), 650-749g(13.3%) and 750-849g(13.3%). The transitional milk yields were not affected by mother's age, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational period and infant's weight at birth but affected by maternal height(p<0.05). Maternal weight reduction during the lactation had no correlation with the transitional milk yeilds.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.174-184
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the early postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain in the Korean medical hospital for 2-weeks. Methods: Fifty-one postpartum women who admitted for postpartum care in Korean hospital from December 3rd, 2011 to January 31st, 2012 had written out pain measurement questionnaires(SF-MPQ, VAS, ODI) three times for 2-weeks. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was used to analyse the data and the independent samples t-test, paired T-test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. Evaluation of low back pain within the first week after birth was as follows: SF-MPQ sensory area was $5.06{\pm}4.41$ points; SF-MPQ emotional areas was $0.86{\pm}1.34$ points; VAS mean was $3.79{\pm}2.02$ points; and ODI mean was $10.27{\pm}6.69$. 2. Early postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain were significantly decreased in SF-MPQ, VAS, and ODI after 2-weeks(p < 0.01). 3. Age, birth type, parity, weight, and BMI increased during pregnancy does not affect the postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. Conclusions: The top 10% of postpartum low back pain scale was 10.8 points or more in the sensory area of SF-MPQ, and 3 points or more in the affective area of SF-MPQ. In the case of VAS, it was more than 7 points, and ODI was more than 21.8 points. Postpartum back pain with oriental medical treatment was significantly improved.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.439-452
• /
• 2000

This study sought to figure out women's needs during early postpartum for developing adequate nursing intervention toward postpartal women's healthy adaptation. A convenience sample of 89 women who are in the early postpartal period and admitted in a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea was studied from July 1, 1999 to August 13. 1999. 1. The age group of 26-30 years was 52.8% and the level of education above high school 91%. 67.6% of women had no job, 62.9% had experienced one time of delivery, and 52.8% had no experience of abortion. 2. 31.5% of women received prenatal education, 44.9% only postpartal education. 77.5% of women planned breast-feeding, and 53.9% of women had an experience of breast-feeding during hospital stay. For the feeling of confidence related to the self-care, 27% only expressed 'yes. I have' and 59.5% 'just a little bit'. For the feeling of confidence related to the baby rearing, 29.2% only expressed 'yes. I have' and 60.7% 'just a little bit'. 3. The rate of postpartal women's mother as a preferred non-professional care giver was the highest, 75.3%. The rate of the style of Sanhujori highly preferred and planned at this time was at postpartal women's maiden home or her home with mother, 58.4%, 47.7% respectively. It shows that women still wish to have traditional Sanhuiori at home. 4. The mean of nursing need of postpartal women was 4.25% and it means that universally the degree of nursing need during postpartum is still high. General nursing need (4.29) was higher than that of traditional Sanhujori (4.09), however, the need of Sanhujori is still high. 5. Specifically, the degree of nursing need according to the category of needs was 'educational need for baby rearing,' 4.43; 'emotional-psychological care', 4.41; 'environmental care,' 4.31; 'self-care,' 4.14; and 'physical care,' 3.85 in rank. The educational need core of the specific method about Sanhuiori (4.35) was second to the highest among 15 items of self-care. 6. The related factors to the degree of nursing need were age to physical care; educational level, plan of breast feeding and experience of breast feeding during hospital stay to emotional-psychological care; and the feeling of confidence in baby rearing to environmental care. 7. There was highly positive correlation between the degree of traditional Sanhujori need and general care need(r=.77). This result strongly reflects that there is a necessity of professional care givers' capability to consider the integrative care reflecting the socio-cultural need for women's healthy adaptation during postpartum. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to research further on the effects of Sanhuiori on the health status, health recovery after abortion or delivery from the various aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research for the refinement of the reality of Sanhuiori not only as cultural phenomenon but as an inseparable factor influencing on women's postpartal healthy adaptation and for the appropriateness of intervention and quality of care for desirable health outcome.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.463-495
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to obtain a fundamental data for developing a policy concerning women and child rearing and a parent education program for young parents who are around their childbirth, a period crucially important both for the parents in terms of the role adjustment, career management, and family finance, and for the infants in terms of its physical and psychological well-being. The subjects were 509 mothers before and after childbirth currently living in the Metropolitan City of Daejeon. Data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews in two major areas of pregnancy-delivery-childcare and parent education. Data were analyzed using SAS, mostly through frequency analysis, percentiles, t-tests, and F-tests. Results of descriptive analyses were organized along the following areas and issues: Pregnancy(family planning, regular check-ups, difficulties, prenatal education, costs, etc.); delivery(type of delivery, delivery related experience, costs, clinic/medical institute of choice, worries/problems, help/supports, etc.); postpartum care(place, kinds of help and helper, costs, postpartum care facilities, etc.); childcare circumstances(place, carer, time schedules, childcare centers or facilities feeding and weaning, etc.); husband's attitudes and involvement in the overall process; working mothers(maternity leave, temporary retirement for child rearing, etc.); and, parent education(family planning, pregnancy, delivery, postpartum care, child rearing, areas or issues needing parent education, facilitative and hindering factors to ideal parenting, etc.). Differences between groups of pregnant mothers and postpartum mothers, working- and non-working mothers, groups of different income levels, mothers and fathers of different educational levels, mothers of first pregnancy(or childbirth) and experienced mothers were also analyzed. Several conclusions with suggestions were drawn in relation to the need for strong implementation as well as developing of policies on women and childcare and for developing a new parent education program for parents before and after childbirth.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.93-105
• /
• 2015

Purpose: We conducted a descriptive study to: 1) understand how husbands are aware of the importance of Sanhujoiri(i.e, Korean traditional postpartum care) and 2) identify their needs to learn how to take care of postpartum women and newborns and to strengthen family bonding. Methods: The subjects consisted of 123 husbands who had children under the age of 5 years. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean age of subjects was $37.1{\pm}4.63$ years. The mean scores of awareness, needs for education on postpartum mother and newborn care, and family strength were $4.57{\pm}1.18$, $4.61{\pm}1.18$, $4.92{\pm}1.07$, and $4.01{\pm}0.95$, respectively, indicating higher scores. There were statistically significant differences in awareness (F=5.08, p<.05), newborn care (F=3.70, p<.05), and family strength (F=4.64, p<.05) by husband's role in Sanhujori There was a positive correlation among study variables. Conclusion: This study shows that even though husbands want to participate in Sanhujori, they do not have enough information on Sanhujori and mother/newborn care and adequate paternity leave. Realistic paternity leave system and effective Couple Centered Childbearing (from pregnancy to postpartum) Education Program CCCEP development are required to help husbands' participation in mother/newborn care with confidence and competence in home based Sanhujori.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe women's concern for pregnancy and child birth in the internet community. Methods: One representative in the internet community was selected and questions regarding pregnancy and child birth were collected for 2 weeks in October 2019. A total of 8,005 questions were analyzed by frequency and proportion after categorizing theme into pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum care. Results: The most frequent questions were on preparedness for pregnancy (26.2%), followed by questions on infertility (23.3%), and on postpartum care (20.2%). Among the questions on preparedness for pregnancy, the most frequent questions were related to the follicle and ovulation. More than half of the questions on infertility (68.3%) were about diagnosis and treatment. Questions on abortion included symptoms, abortion procedure, post abortion care, and the support system. Among the questions on delivery, the most were about the delivery method (67.2%). Finally, questions on postpartum care were related to the physical changes/symptoms, daily life after delivery, postpartum care support, etc. Conclusion: As these results reflect women's need for information and support, it is suggested that more specific and targeted nursing practices for pregnancy and child birth should be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare postpartum symptoms of 528 women by age groups and delivery method through health questionnaires of postpartum care center. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2018, we statistically compared the 528 women's postpartal symptoms who divided into 4 age groups using SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. Results: There were no differences in weight changes, gestational age and degree of subjective discomfort by age (p>.05). On the other hand, parity, fetal weight and delivery method were statistically associated with age (p<.05). Especially the rate of cesarean delivery was increased with age. Degree of feeling dyspepsia and edema was higher in cesarean section delivery group (p<.05). Also, as the weight increased by 1 kg during pregnancy, the degree of feeling postnatal edema increased by 0.204 (β=0.204, t=4.204, p<.05). Conclusion: This study showed that age itself will not affect postpartum symptoms alone. Instead it is necessary to consider post-cesarean delivery symptoms for advanced maternal age.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate into the relationship between mother's stress in postpartum period and perception of infant in order to provide basic data for developing nursing intervention program. Methods: The data were collected from September 1, 2004 to October 15, from one women's hospital and three facilities for taking care of women's health after delivery located in B metropolitan city, and analyzed by SPSS/12.0 program frequency, percentage rate, mean, standard deviation, average, the maximum value, the minimum value and Person's correlation coefficient. Results: 1. The degree of stress of subjects was $75.6{\pm}38.3$(0-376) in average, and $.8{\pm}\;.4$(0-4) of average point, and the degree of perception of infant was $-5.8{\pm}5.6$(15-75) in average and $-\;.4{\pm}.4$(1-5) of average point. The relationship of degrees between the stress of subject and conception of infants that showed weak reverse relation(r= .210, p= .030). That is, the more the stress of subject was high, the more the perception of infant is relatively indefinite. Conclusion: As a result, The stress of mother in postpartum period was a level to be in need of management and the perception of infant was slightly negative. thus, the introduction of nursing assistance program is necessary to relive the stress of mother in postpartum period to promote the affirmative perception of infant.