• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2006

A severely atrophic maxilla may disturb the proper implant placement. The various bone graft techniques are required for simultaneous or delayed implantation in the cases of atrophic alveolar ridges. We present 11 consecutive patients treated with simultaneous implantation using the autogenous inlay and/or onlay bone grafts from iliac crest to the floor of the maxillary sinus and the alveolar crest. In the cases of atrophic maxilla, a total 69 implants were simultaneously placed with autogenous iliac bone graft. 40 fixtures were inserted in the sinus floor simultaneously with subantral block bone graft, the other 29 fixtures were placed in the anterior or premolar areas with block or particulate bone graft. The vertical alveolar bone height was measured with Dental CT at the preoperation and 6 months postoperation. Moreover, the implant stability quotients (ISQ) were measured by $Osstell^{TM}$ during second implant surgery at 6 months later of first implantation. All implants were obtained successful osseointegration with the grafted bone. The mean vertical increases were 3.9mm in the anterior ridges and 12.8mm in the posterior ridges. During the second implant surgery, mean ISQ were 62.95 in the anterior ridge and 61.32 in the posterior ridge. We concluded that the simultaneous implantation with autogenous iliac bone graft were stable and available methods for severely atrophic maxilla.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2014

Recurrent posterior shoulder instability is a debilitating condition that is relatively uncommon, but its diagnosis in young adults is increasing in frequency. Several predisposing factors for this condition have been identified, such as the presence of an abnormal joint surface orientation, an osteochondral fracture of the humeral head or glenoid cavity, and a postero-inferior capsuloligamentary deficit, but their relative importance remains poorly understood. Whilst, conservative treatment is effective in cases of hyperlaxity or in the absence of bone abnormality, failure of conservative treatment means that open or arthroscopic surgery is required. In general, soft-tissue reconstructions are carried out in cases of capsulolabral lesions in which bone anatomy is normal, whereas bone grafts have been required in cases where posterior bony Bankart lesions, glenoid defects, or posterior glenoid dysplasia are present. However, a consensus on the exact management of posterior shoulder instability is yet to be reached, and published studies are few with weak evidence. In our study, we report the reconstruction of the glenoid using iliac bone graft in a patient suffering recurrent posterior shoulder instability with severe glenoid bone defect.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2011

Purpose: The anterior iliac crest is a common source for autologous cancellous bone graft. For patients who have previously received cancellous bone grafts from bilateral anterior iliac crests, there may be concerns of whether a sufficient quantity of autologous cancellous bone remains for additional grafts without harvesting it from other sites, such as the posterior iliac crest. Methods: We experienced 3 cases of reharvesting in 2 patients. The diagnosis of the first patient was bilateral facial cleft number 3. This patient received bilateral side cleft alveoloplasty with corticocancellous bone graft from the both anterior iliac crest respectively by a previous surgeon. This patient then needed reharvesting of the anterior iliac crest cancellous bone to correct an ongoing skeletal problem for the bilateral cleft. The other patient had bilateral incomplete cleft of the primary palate. This patient received left side cleft alveoloplasty with cancellous bone graft from the right anterior iliac crest. Before the patient could receive the alveoloplasty on the other side, a radial head osteotomy and cancellous bone graft was performed by orthopedic surgeons who then used the remaining left iliac crest in order to treat a pulled elbow. For the completion of the right side cleft alveoplasty, the anterior iliac crest cancellous bone needed to be reharvested. Prior to the reharvesting, a preoperative computed tomography scan of the pelvis was obtained to assess the maturity of the donor site regeneration. The grafts were then taken from site where a greater amount of regeneration was evident. Results: Long term follow ups showed that the grafts were successfully taken. This sufficient volume was obtainable 14 months after the first harvest. Conclusion: Satisfactory results were achieved after the reharvesting of iliac cancellous bone. Thus, it appears that the reharvesting of the iliac bone is a possible alternative to multiple site grafting, use of allograft or bone substitute materials.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the regenerative capacity of reconstruction in the atrophied posterior maxilla by comparing bone graft procedures and alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) techniques. We performed the autogenous iliac bone graft (AGB group, 5 specimens in 3 patients), and the combination (Mixed group, 3 specimens in 3 patients) of the autogenous and deproteinized bovine bone ($Bio-Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich Co., Switzerland) as the ratio of 2:1 in the sinus floor elevation procedures. ADO procedures using $TRACK^{(R)}$ (KLS Martin Co., Germany) were also performed to augment vertical alveolar height in atrophied posterior maxilla (ADO group, 5 specimens in 4 patients). Newly generated bone tissues were obtained with the 2.0mm diameter trephine bur (3i Co., USA) during implant fixture installation after 5-7 months. Routine histolomorphological observation, immunodot blot assay for quantitative evaluation, and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to MMP-1, -9, -10, TIMP-1, -2, and BMP-2, -4 were all carried out. Lamellar bone formation was well shown in all specimens and new bone formations of ADO group increased than those of other procedures. In immunohistochemical staining, the strong expression of BMP-2 was shown in all specimens, and immunodot blot assay showed that bone formation is accompanied by the good induction of factors associated with angiogenesis and appeared more increased amount of osteogenic and angiogenic factors in ADO group. ADO is the most effective technique for new bone formation compared to sinus floor elevation with autogenous or mixed bone graft in the atrophied posterior maxilla. In the quantitative immunodot blot assay, the regenerated bone after ADO showed more increased products of VEGF, BMP-2, PCNA and MMP-1 than those after the other procedures, and these findings were able to be confirmed by immunohistochemical stainings.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.340-345
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical success of bone reconstruction of the severely atrophic maxilla using autogenous block bone onlay graft from the ramus and ilium prior to dental implantation. And we measured the amount of vertical height change Material and Methods: 26 partially edentulous patients(32 case) who needed block onlay bone graft before implant placement in posterior maxillary area from 2002 to 2009 were selected for this study. Patients consisted of 20 males & 6 females and the average of their age was 54.2. Patients who were treated with ramal bone were 19 case and patients who were treated with iliac bone were 11 case. Digital panoramic X-ray was taken at the day of surgery, 3 months and 6 months later after the surgery. Vertical height change & resorption rate of grafted bone were measured with the same X-rays and compared Results: Two out of 32 bone grafts had to be removed because of inflamation at the grafts area(97.3%). The mean of radiographic vertical height change(change rate) of post-op. 3 month was 0.54mm(8.5%)and 6 month was 0.99mm(15.9%). Compairing to intraoral donor site(ramus), iliac bone had more vertical height change(1.18mm) at 6 month after surgery. Conclusions: Within the limit of this study, autogenous block onlay grafts can be considered a promising treatment for severely atrophic maxilla.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2011

An 18-year-old male presented severe hypodontia due to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was treated with Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy with simultaneous sinus floor augmentation using the mixture of cortical autogenous bone graft harvested from iliac crest and organic Bio-Oss to position the maxilla in a right occlusal plane with respect to the mandible, and to construct adequate bone volume at posterior maxilla allowing proper implant placement. Due to the poor bone quality at other sites, ridge augmentation with onlay graft was done to construct adequate bone volume allowing proper implant placement, using tissue harvested from the iliac bone. Seven implants were placed in the maxilla and 7 implants were inserted in the mandible and screw-retained metal ceramic FPDs were fabricated. The two year follow up data showed that dental implants should be considered as a good treatment modality for patients with ectodermal dysplasia.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 1991

Loss of mandibular continuity due to neoplasm, trauma, or infection results in major esthetic and biologic compromise. The use of costochondral grafts for reconstruction of temporomandibular joint, described first by Gillies in 1920, has been accepted as a suitable method for replacing the mandibular condyle, especially in growing children. Autogenous iliac bone graft has been a satisfactory source of mandibular reconstruction since Sykoffs report in 1900. Autogenous bone grafts from the posterior aspects of the ilium provide large amount of PMCB with acceptable donor site morbidity. In timing of reconstruction, initial disease, age, medical history, growth and development, esthetic and psychologic factors should be considered. We present a case of osteosarcoma in the mandible that was treated by a hemimandibulectomy and the defect was reconstructed 20 months later with composite method of costochondral and posterior iliac bone graft.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.644-651
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• 2000

In cases of severe alveolar bony resorption in the edentulous posterior maxillae, implant placement is limited anatomically due to maxillary sinus. If the ridge is atrophic, the various bone grafting methods are required for the ridge augmentation. But the result of the onlay grafting procedure is not always promising. On the posterior maxilla, maxillary sinus mucosa lifting and bone grafting into the sinus floor, subantral augmentation(SA) technique are recommended. Various SA procedures have been developed for implant installation. We perfer to simultaneous block bone graft and implant installation through the residual alveolar ridge into the grafted block bone to fix the grafted bone and to gain the primary stability of the installed fixture. When a sagittal skeletal discrepancy in present due to the severe alveolar bony resorption of the maxilla, the advancement of the maxilla by Le Fort I osteotomy simultaneously with installation of implant fixtures combined with sinus lifting and interpositional bone graft procedure can be indicated. We applied various SA techniques for implant installtion to the 46 edentulous posterior maxillae, and total 154 implants were installed at our department from 1992 to 1999. Various SA techniques were classified in detail and the indications of each techniques were discussed. The changes of residual bony height following SA procedure were studied. The results were as follows. 1. The SA procedure combined with bone graft and simultaneous fixture installation were performed in 41 cases, 126 fixtures were installed and 5 fixtures were removed out of them. Le Fort I osteotomy procedure combined with sinus lifting and interpositional bone graft simultaneous with fixture installation were performed in 5 cases. Total 28 fixtures were installed and 2 fixtures were removed so far. 2. Autogenous block bone graft into sinus floor were performed in 35 cases, autogenous particulated marrow cancellous bone(PMCB) graft in 9 cases, and demineralized human bone powder in 2 cases. The donor site for bone graft were anterior iliac bone in 39 cases, posterior iliac bone in 3 cases and mandibular symphysis in 1 case and mandibular ramus in 1 case. 3. In 9 cases with which SA procedure had been performed with the block bone graft, the change of pre- and postoperative residual bony height were measured using MPR(multiplanar reformatted)-CT. The mean residual bony height was 8.0mm preoperatively, 20.2mm at 6 months following up operation and we gained average 12.2mm alveolar bony height. So, we can recommend this one-stage subantral augmentation and fixture installation technique as a time conserving, safe and useful method for compromised posterior edentulous maxilla.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2005

Objective: For Posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) various cages or iliac bone dowels are used with or without pedicle screw fixation(PSF). To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological results of different fusion methods, we intend to verify the effect of added PSF on PLIF, the effect of bone cages and several factors which are thought to be related with the postoperative prognosis. Methods: One hundred and ninety seven patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and instability or spondylolisthesis underwent various fusion operations from May 1993 to May 2003. The patients were divided into five groups, group A (PLIF with autologous bone dowels, N=24), group B (PLIF with bone cages, N=13), group C (PLIF with bone dowels and PSF, N=37), group D (PLIF with bone cages and PSF, N=30) and group E (PSF with intertransverse bone graft, N=93) for comparison and analyzed for the outcome and fusion rate. Results: Outcome was not significantly different among the five groups. In intervertebral height (IVH) changes between pre- and post-operation, Group B ($2.42{\pm}2.20mm$) was better than Group A ($-1.33{\pm}2.05mm$). But in the Group C, D and E, the IVH changes were not different statistically. Fusion rate of group C, D was higher than that of Group A and B. But the intervertebral height(IVH) increased significantly in group B($2.42{\pm}2.20mm$). Fusion rate of group C and D were higher than that of group A and D. Conclusion: Intervertebral cages are superior to autologous iliac bone dowels for maintaining intervertebral height in PLIF. The additional pedicle screw fixation seems to stabilize the graft and improve fusion rates.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.303-307
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• 2008

Objective: The authors reviewed clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with three column injury of the cervical spine who had undergone posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory alloy loop in the anterior-posterior combined approach. Materials: Nine patients were surgically treated with anterior cervical fusion using an iliac bone graft and dynamic plate-screw system, and the posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory loop ($Davydov^{TM}$) at the same time. A retrospective review was performed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Frankel grading method. We reviewed the radiological parameters such as bony fusion rate, height of iliac bone graft strut, graft subsidence, cervical lordotic angle, and instrument related complication. Results: Single-level fusion was performed in five patients, and two-level fusion in four. Solid bone fusion was presented in all cases after surgery. The mean height of graft strut was significantly decreased from $20.46{\pm}9.97mm$ at immediate postoperative state to $18.87{\pm}8.60mm$ at the final follow-up period (p<0.05). The mean cervical lordotic angle decreased from $13.83{\pm}11.84^{\circ}$ to $11.37{\pm}6.03^{\circ}$ at the immediate postoperative state but then, increased to $24.39{\pm}9.83^{\circ}$ at the final follow-up period (p<0.05). There were no instrument related complications. Conclusion: We suggest that the posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory alloy loop may be a simple and useful method, and be one of treatment options in anterior-posterior combined approach for the patients with the three column injury of the cervical spine.