• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 기존에 개발된 생브낭의 원리를 이용한 응력개선방법에 부가적인 면외 워핑함수를 도입하여 후처리함으로써 기계 및 열응력을 개선할 수 있는 방법을 소개하였다. 열응력 예측이 중요한 문제로 다루어지고 있으며, 이에 따라 수많은 보이론들이 개발되어왔다. 일반적으로 고차이론들이 열응력 예측에 유용하다고 알려져 있지만, 자유도가 많아 계산과정이 복잡하다는 단점이 존재한다. 이러한 단점들을 보완하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 계산이 비교적 간단한 고전 보이론의 변위장에 면외 워핑함수를 부가적으로 도입하고 합응력 등가를 통해 후처리함으로써 보 구조물의 열응력을 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 그리고 다양한 경계조건을 가지는 수치예제들을 통해 탄성해와 비교함으로써 그 정확도를 검증하고, 면외 워핑함수가 응력개선에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 적분형 르장드르 다항식을 사용한 3차원 계층적 고체요소의 유한요소 정식화를 보여준다. 제안하는 육면체 고체요소는 절점, 변, 면, 그리고 내부모우드를 포함한은 4개의 서로 다른 모우드로 구성되어 있다. 영에너지 모우드와 일정변형률 조건을 확인하기 위해 고유치 시험과 조각시험이 수행되었다. 여기에 추가되어, 적응적 p-유한요소해석을 위해 유한요소해석으로부터 구한 후처리 응력값의 평활화에 기초를 둔 사후오차평가 기법이 연구된다. 자유도가 증가함에 따라 수렴속도측면에서 균등 p-분배와 불균등 p-분배에 의한 유한요소해의 차이점이 비교된다. 제안된 요소의 성능을 보이기 위해 간단한 캔틸레버보가 테스트되었다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2015

Friction in a post-tensioning system has a significant effect on the distribution of the prestressing force of tendons in prestressed concrete structures. However, attempts to derive friction coefficients using conventional electrical resistance strain gauges do not usually lead to reliable results, mainly due to the damage of sensors and lead wires during the insertion of strands into the sheath and during tensioning. In order to overcome these drawbacks of the existing measurement system, the Smart Strand was developed in this study to accurately measure the strain and prestressing force along the strand. In the Smart Strand, the core wire of a 7-wire strand is replaced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer in which the fiber Bragg grating sensors are embedded. As one of the applications of the Smart Strand, friction coefficients were evaluated using a full-scale test of a 20 m long beam. The test variables were the curvature, diameter, and filling ratio of the sheath. The analysis results showed the average wobble and curvature friction coefficients of 0.0038/m and 0.21/radian, respectively, which correspond to the middle of the range specified in ACI 318-08 in the U.S. and Structural Concrete Design Code in Korea. Also, the accuracy of the coefficients was improved by reducing the effective range specified in these codes by 27-34 %. This study shows the wide range of applicability of the developed Smart Strand system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.885-909
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• 2016

Advances in low-cost wireless sensing have made instrumentation of large civil infrastructure systems with dense arrays of wireless sensors possible. A critical issue with regard to effective use of the information harvested from these sensors is synchronized sensing. Although a number of synchronization methods have been developed, most provide only clock synchronization. Synchronized sensing requires not only clock synchronization among wireless nodes, but also synchronization of the data. Existing synchronization protocols are generally limited to networks of modest size in which all sensor nodes are within a limited distance from a central base station. The scale of civil infrastructure is often too large to be covered by a single wireless sensor network. Multiple independent networks have been installed, and post-facto synchronization schemes have been developed and applied with some success. In this paper, we present a new approach to achieving synchronized sensing among multiple networks using the Pulse-Per-Second signals from low-cost GPS receivers. The method is implemented and verified on the Imote2 sensor platform using TinyOS to achieve $50{\mu}s$ synchronization accuracy of the measured data for multiple networks. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach is highly-scalable, realizing precise synchronized sensing that is necessary for effective structural health monitoring.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2003

포스트지놈 시대에 있어서 가장 주된 연구는 단백질의 구조적 유사성이나 분류학적인 연관성을 밝히는 것이다. SCOP 단백질 구조 분류는 이러한 목적을 위한 대표적인 데이터베이스로서, 3차원 구조가 알려진 단백질에 대한 구조적 분류학적 관계에 대한 상세한 기술을 제공한다. 하지만, SCOP 데이터는 단순 텍스트 형식의 자료로만 제공되고 있어서 이를 이용한 다른 분석 도구나 자원을 개발할 경우 그 작업이 번거로우면서도 오류 발생의 소지가 높다. 따라서 이러한 데이터를 연주자들이 보다 효과적으로 이용할 수 있도록 표준화된 구조적인 형식으로 제공하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 요구를 충족시키기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 SCOP 데이터베이스에 대한 효율적인 검색을 지원하는 브라우징 도구인 SCOPBrowser를 구현하였다. SOPBrowser는 SCOP 사이트에서 제공되는 기본정보 및 단백질 구조 분류 정보에 대한 트리보기, 전체 단백질 도메인에 대한 검색, 특정 도메인에 대한 XML 내용 보기, 그리고 단백질 구조에 대한 유용한 통계 등 다양한 정보를 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.30-39
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• 1988

Generally, as the welded region of weld structures has the incomplete bead and welded deposit which are able to behave like the surface cracks occasinally, there is a high possibility that the fatigue fracture of the weld structures is due to the surface cracks on the wlded region. This study was done to investigate the effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the fatigue behaviors of the surface crack of the heat affected zone (HAZ) for the multi-pass welds under the repetitive pure bending moment. The obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. The crack grows to the depth direction initially as the number of cylces increase, the amount of crack length is increased for the surface dir3ction and cive versa for the depth direction. 2. The fatigue life is increased in a order of as weld, PWHT specimens and parent. 3. As the number of cycles increase, the crack length is increased to th surface direction. The increase of the depth length is blunted at the center of specimen thickness. 4. The fatigue crack growth of PWHT specimens to the surface direction is dependent upon the holding time and applied stress during PWHT. In order words, the crack growth rate decreases with the holding time and increases with the applied stress during PWHT. 5. As the crack grows, the aspect formed in the course of crack propagation approaches to semicircle for parent and ellipse with the largest semidiameter for PWHT ($1/4hr, 15kgf/mm^2$) 6. At depth direction, it is difficult to apply to the paris' equation because of the scattered data between the crack growth rate and the stress intensity factor range.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2009

저층 장스팬 철골프레임에는 강재절감을 위해 휨모멘트 저항에 극대화한 판폭 두께비가 큰 단면 부재를 사용하고 있다. 한편, 외부환경에 노출된 강부재는 수년간을 걸쳐 부식이 진행된다. 부식에 의한 단면결손에 따른 내력감소는 판폭두께비가 큰 부재의 경우가 판폭두께비가 작은 부재에 비하여 상대적으로 크다. 또한, 부식에 의한 압축측 플랜지 및 웨브 판두께의 감소(판폭두께비 증가)에 의한 한계상태 영역이 변경될 여지도 있다. 본 논문에서, 국내 장스팬 철골프레임을 대상으로 판폭두께비가 큰 단면에 대해서 부식진행정도에 따른 모멘트-회전각관계, 초기강성, 최대내력, 최대내력이후 강성 및 에너지흡수능력에 대해서 평가를 행하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2013

Purpose: Using agricultural machinery was not easy in the conventional shading structure, specified as a standard facility by standard cultivation methods for ginseng. Thus, this study designed the new types of facility allowing machine access by modifying the conventional type. Methods: Two types of facility (i.e. wide roof type and long & short roof type) were designed and installed in an experimental site to evaluate its growing environments and applicability of riding-type cultivator. Results: From the results of incoming light measurement, all three types (i.e. two new types and a conventional type) of shading structures blocked the incoming light after 9:00 am. The temperature distribution inside the new types was similar with the one in the conventional type, so the growth of ginseng was in good condition in all three types of facility. The riding-type cultivator was operated well with the low speed first gear of 0.13 m/s in the new types. However, a long & short typed roof needs to be raised 18 cm height in order to use the cultivator. Conclusions: With the results of this study, the new types of roof can be used in the ginseng farm in that they satisfied the growing environments for ginseng and the needs for agricultural mechanization.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.453-463
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• 1990

주향이동운동(走向移動運動)에 의해 발달된 예천(醴泉) 전단대(剪斷帶)는 쥬라기 구조운동(構造運動)과 동시(同時)에 화강암류(花崗岩類)가 정치(定置)된 후，비교적 고온상태(高溫狀態)에서 생성(生成)되었다. 전단대(剪斷帶)가 화강암류(花崗岩類) 정치(定置)후 발달(發達)하였음은 화강암체(花崗岩體) 내외(內外)에서 엽리(葉理)와 선구조(線構造)의 운결성(運結性), 분쇄질(粉碎質) 구조(構造)의 발달(發達)，페그마타이트와 규장암맥(硅長岩脈)의 변형작용(變形作用)，모암(母岩)에서 반장변정(班狀變晶)들의 구조전(構造前)(Pretectonic)성장(成長) 등에 의해 확인된다. 전단대(剪斷帶)의 다양한 전단감각(剪斷感覺) 지시자(指時者)들은 대부분 전단대(剪斷帶) 중심부(中心部)의 강변형암(强變形岩)에서 잘 관찰된다. 이들은 전단감각(剪斷感覺)이 S-C fabric, 형태(形態) 선택배향(選擇配向)，비대칭(非對稱) Porphyroclast system, Mica fish, 비대칭(非對稱) 신장구조(伸張構造)，결정축(結晶軸) 선택배향(選擇配向)둥에 의해 일관성(一貫性) 있게 우수향(右手向)(Dextral)임을 보여준다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2018

Purpose: In the age of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and digital volume tomography (DVT), with their outstanding post-processing capabilities, indications for planar radiography for the study of the dentition of ancient Egyptian mummies may easily be overlooked. In this article, the advantages and limitations of different approaches and projections are discussed for planar oral and maxillofacial radiography using portable digital X-ray equipment during archaeological excavations. Furthermore, recommendations are provided regarding projections and sample positioning in this context. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 specimens, including 19 skeletonized mandibles, 14 skeletonized skulls, 18 separate mummified heads, and 4 partially preserved mummies were imaged using portable digital X-ray equipment in the course of archaeological excavations led by the University of Basel in the Valley of the Kings between 2009 and 2012. Images were evaluated by 2 authors with regard to the visibility of diagnostically relevant dental structures using a 4-point grading system(Likert scale). Results: Overall, the visibility of diagnostically relevant dental structures was rated highest by both authors on X-ray images acquired using a dental detector. The tube-shift technique in the lateral projections of mandibular dentition achieved the second-best rating, and lateral projections achieved the third-best rating. Conclusion: Conventional planar digital X-ray imaging, due to its ubiquity, remains an excellent method-and often the only practicable one-for examining the skulls and teeth of ancient Egyptian mummies under field conditions. Radiographic images of excellent diagnostic quality can be obtained, if an appropriate methodology regarding the selected projections and sample placement is followed.