• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 2003

Compared to a conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD) grown Al203 film, Plasma enhanced ALD (PEALD) grown AION film was revealed to possess a large breakdown field, which is necessary for stable operation of thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) device. Also, AION is more stable than Al203 films grown by PEALD or by ALD after post-annealing process, which is inevitably required to improve luminance property of phosphor. Furthermore, AION films were applied to insulators of ZnS:Tb TFEL device. Resultant1y, they show better stability than ALD grown insulators under high electric field.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2005

The wire-arc process is a low-cost thermal spray method simply utilizes electrical energy to melt the feedstock wire. It is more userful for field applications, especially to coat large surface area. In this paper, a special Fe-based alloy coatings by using the wire-arc process were developed. Nanoscale composite coatings were achieved either during spraying or through a post heat treatment. As-sprayed Fe-based alloy coatings had been an amorphous matrix structure, after heating to $700^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes a solid state transformation occurred in the some fraction of amorphous matrix which resulted in the formation of nanostructured recrystallized phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emotional scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) were applied to analyze the microstructure of the coatings. Additionally hardness and bend resistance of the Fe-based alloy coatings were examined, and these results were compared with those of partially stabilized zirconia(PSZ) coatings by using the plasma spray process.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.422-427
• /
• 1978

Alterations in the serum and urine potassium were studied in twenty patients who underwent open heart surgery in National Medical Center during the period from Jan.1978 to June 1978. There were twelve cases congenital heart disease and eight acquired heart disease. Rigg-Kyvsgaad mark IV roller pump and Polystan bubble oxygenator were used in all patients. Hemodilution was carried out by priming the oxygenator with Hartmann`s solution. Measurements were made of the serum electrolyte, gas analysis and twenty four hour urine electrolytes. During the bypass, the serum potassium decreased Significantly from 4.2?.47 to 3.6?. 72 mEq. per liter. [p<0.05] Fifty seven miliequivalant of potassium chloride were added during operation-urine potassium was higher in the diuretic group than in the non diuretic group. Plasma potassium level in the diuretic group was more significantly reduced than nondiuretic group. In this series large amount of urine potassium loss was noted on the day of operation, the first and second post operative day.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.613-622
• /
• 2000

Background: The aim of this study is to define the cardioprotective effects(functional and metabolic) of newly developed DelNido cardioplegic solution(containing plasma solution, mannitol, magnesium and lidocaine). Material and Method: This study assessed the function of rat hearts after itermittent infusion of DelNido cardioplegia with different preserving methods(Air or Icebox) for 2hours and perfusing the hearts on a Langendorff apparatus. Heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP) and coronary flow, were measured at pre-ischemic, post-reperfusion 15min, 30min and 45min. Coronary flow was standardized to dry heart weight. Each weight was weighted to calculate water content. Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme release was measured and ultrastructural assessment was done with electron microscopes. Result: DelNido group was better than St, Thomas group and Icebox group was better than Room-air group. Conclusion: DelNido cardioplegia have better myocardial protective effects than St. Thomas cardioplegia when they were preserved in the Room-air. But we can not tell the difference between Delnido cardiplegia with Air preserving method and St. Thomas cardioplegia with Icebox.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.232-235
• /
• 2007

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on polycarbonate CR39 substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. ITO thin films were deposited at room temperature because glass-transition temperature of CR39 substrate is $130^{circ}C$ ITO thin films are used as bottom and top electrodes and for organic thin film transparent transistor (OTFT). The electrodes electrical properties of ITO thin films and their optical transparency properties in the visible wavelength range (300-800 nm) strongly depend on the volume of oxygen percent. The optimum resistivity and transparency of ITO thin film electrode was achieved with a 75 W plasma power, 10 % volume of oxygen and a 27 nm/min deposition rate. Above 85% transparency in the visible wavelength range (300-800 nm) was measured without post annealing process, and resistivity as low as $9.83{\times}^{TM}10^{-4}{\Omega}$ cm was measured at thickness of 300 nm.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the protection conferred by a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) strain against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection in layer chickens. Birds were orally primed with the attenuated ST strain at 7 days of age and then boosted at 4 weeks post prime immunization (PPI). Sequential monitoring of plasma IgG and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) levels revealed that inoculation with ST induced a significant antibody response to antigens against ST, SE, and SG. Moreover, significant lymphoproliferative responses to the 3 Salmonella serovars were observed in the immunized group. We also investigated protection against virulent ST, SE, and SG strain challenge. Upon virulent SG challenge, the immunized group showed significantly reduced mortality compared to the non-immunized group. The reduced persistence of the virulent ST and SE challenge strains in the liver, spleen, and cecal tissues of the immunized group suggests that immunization with the attenuated ST strain may not only protect against ST infection but can also confer cross protection against SE and SG infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
• /
• 2003.12a
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2003

Low dielectric constant SiOC(-H) films have been prepared by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition using bis-trymethylsilyl-methane (BTMSM) and $O_2$ precursors. The annealing effects on the structural and electrical properties were studied. The results indicate post-annealing could efficiently remove the hydroxyl (-OH) related groups from the as-deposited films and cause the chemical structure re-arrangement, resulting in the more nano-pores being formed in the annealed SiOC(-H) films. The dielectric constant decreased from 2.7 to 2.1, and the refractive index decreased from 1.427 to 1.32.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.413-417
• /
• 1997

In this study, chlorine(Cl)-based gas chemistry is generally used to etching for AlCu films metallization. The corrosion phenomena of AlCu films were examined with XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy). SF$\sub$6/ plasma treatment subsequent to the etch process prevents the corrosion effectively in the pressure of 300 mTorr. It is found that the chlorine atoms on the etched surface are not substituted for fluorine atoms during SF$\sub$6/ treatment, but a passivation layer on the surface by fluorine-related compounds would be formed. The passivation layer prevents the moisture penetration on the SF$\sub$6/ treated surface and suppresses the corrosion successfully.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.12.1-12.4
• /
• 2022

A 16-year-old, 7.4 kg, castrated male Cocker Spaniel presenting anorexia and weight loss was referred due to a splenic mass, and total splenectomy was performed to resolve clinical signs. Following surgery, the dog developed mild hyperkalemia (6.27 mmol/L) without any clinical symptoms. Further investigations were conducted to determine the cause of hyperkalemia. The serum-plasma potassium difference was measured (1.05 mmol/L), and pseudohyperkalemia was diagnosed. The cause of pseudohyperkalemia was considered as thrombocytosis after splenectomy. The dog did not receive any specific treatment to lower blood potassium. To our knowledge, we report the first case of post-splenectomy pseudohyperkalemia in a dog.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.1742-1750
• /
• 2015

As a novel approach for disease control and prevention, nutritional modulation of the intestinal health has been proved. However, It is still unknown whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is needed to maintain intestinal immune-related function. The objective of this study was to determine whether BCAA supplementation in protein restricted diet affects growth performance, intestinal barrier function and modulates post-weaning gut disorders. One hundred and eight weaned piglets ($7.96{\pm}0.26kg$) were randomly fed one of the three diets including a control diet (21% crude protein [CP], CON), a protein restricted diet (17% CP, PR) and a BCAA diet (BCAA supplementation in the PR diet) for 14 d. The growth performance, plasma amino acid concentrations, small intestinal morphology and intestinal immunoglobulins were tested. First, average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) of weaned pigs in PR group were lower, while gain:feed ratio was lower than the CON group (p<0.05). Compared with PR group, BCAA group improved ADG (p<0.05), ADFI (p<0.05) and feed:gain ratio (p<0.05) of piglets. The growth performance data between CON and BCAA groups was not different (p>0.05). The PR and BCAA treatments had a higher (p<0.05) plasma concentration of methionine and threonine than the CON treatment. The level of some essential and functional amino acids (such as arginine, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine etc.) in plasma of the PR group was lower (p<0.05) than that of the CON group. Compared with CON group, BCAA supplementation significantly increased BCAA concentrations (p<0.01) and decreased urea concentration (p<0.01) in pig plasma indicating that the efficiency of dietary nitrogen utilization was increased. Compared with CON group, the small intestine of piglets fed PR diet showed villous atrophy, increasing of intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) number (p<0.05) and declining of the immunoglobulin concentration, including jejunal immunoglobulin A (IgA) (p = 0.04), secreted IgA (sIgA) (p = 0.03) and immunoglobulin M (p = 0.08), and ileal IgA (p = 0.01) and immunoglobulin G (p = 0.08). The BCAA supplementation increased villous height in the duodenum (p<0.01), reversed the trend of an increasing IELs number. Notably, BCAA supplementation increased levels of jejunal and ileal immunoglobulin mentioned above. In conclusion, BCAA supplementation to protein restricted diet improved intestinal immune defense function by protecting villous morphology and by increasing levels of intestinal immunoglobulins in weaned piglets. Our finding has the important implication that BCAA may be used to reduce the negative effects of a protein restricted diet on growth performance and intestinal immunity in weaned piglets.