• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.581-605
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to build an instruction method focused on the mathematical process and apply it to 12, 5-year-olds from Kindergarten located in Seoul with a view to explore the changes in their mathematical thinking. In addition, surveys with parents and teachers, as well as those conducted in the field of early childhood education, were conducted to analyze the current situation. The effects focused on the five mathematical processes, namely problem solving, reasoning and proof, connecting, representing and communication was found to help the interactions between teacher-child and child-child stimulate the mathematical thinking of the children and induce changes. The mathematical process-focused instruction aimed to advance mathematical thinking internalized mathematical knowledge, presented an integrated problematic situation, and empathized the mathematical process, which enabled the children to solve the problem by working together with peers. As such, the mathematical thinking of the children was integrated and developed within the process of a positive change in the mathematical attitude in which mathematical knowledge is internalized through mathematical process.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Computer programming language learning has an educational effect on improving the high level abilities such as a logical thinking ability and a problem solving ability as well as on understanding a computer working process through the process of programming and debugging tasks. In this study, the Flow Theory is applied for the students to have inner learning motive and continue their learning in the programming language learning. For this, we developed teaching-learning strategies applied by Flow elements, and designed to the WBI. We also applied to the actual teaching-learning field designed WBI and verified the effects on the changes in the learner's Flow level and academic achievement. The result of verification, WBI learning applied by Flow Theory is effective on improving Flow level, making the students have the learning goal and spirit of challenging, forming feedbacks. Also Flow experiences have effect on improving academic achievement(programming ability) through the positive effects on the results of the learning.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2012

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the lead levels in blood samples from nielloware workers, to determine airborne lead levels, to describe the workers' hygiene behaviors, and to ascertain and describe any correlations between lead levels in blood samples and lead levels in airborne samples. Methods: Blood samples and airborne samples from 45 nielloware workers were collected from nielloware workplaces in Nakhon Sri Thammarat Province, Thailand. Lead levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. FAAS was used especially adequate for metals at relatively high concentration levels. Results: The geometric mean of the 45 airborne lead levels was 81.14 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (range 9.0-677.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The geometric mean blood lead level of the 45 workers was 16.25 ${\mu}g/dL$ (range 4.59-39.33 ${\mu}g/dL$). No worker had a blood lead level > 60 ${\mu}g/dL$. A statistically significantly positive correlation was found between airborne lead level and blood lead levels (r = 0.747, p < 0.01). It was observed that personal hygiene was poor; workers smoked and did not wash their hands before drinking or eating. It was concluded that these behaviors had a significant correlation with blood lead levels (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Improvements in working conditions and occupational health education are required due to the correlation found between blood leads and airborne lead levels.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2003

This study aims to furnish basic data about prevention and infection control of Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) for those who, working in dental offices, are particularly exposed to a high risk of HBV infection. A survey was conducted to 310 students including freshmen, sophomores and juniors enrolled in the dental hygiene department in order to examine their knowledge about infection routes of HBV, clinical history of their family members and their own health. The outcomes of the survey showed following facts; 1. Students were found to lack knowledge about the present conditions of their HBsAg and HBsAb of HBV(PF0.05), conduct of preventive vaccination(PE0.05), completion of 3 required vaccinations(PF0.05) and formation of antibody(PF0.05). 2. Students named "blood"(88.6%) and "infected needles"(82.5%) as most likely infection routes of HBV(PE0.05 and PE0.01). These replies came mostly from sophomores(65.6% and 92.1%), followed by juniors(89.2%, 82.5%) and freshmen(81.1%, 73.0%). Least knowledge about infection routes of HBV was sensed with the reply "infection through breast-feeding of positive mother(27.9%)"(PE0.05). Generally, sophomores seemed to have much knowledge about infection routes, followed by juniors and freshmen in order. 3. As to clinical history of family members, 10 students(3.5%) replied that any of their family members is suffering from HBV now, 8(2.6%) revealed that some of their family members once suffered from it and 10(3.2%) reported cases of death of their family members from liver diseases. 4. Ninety-four point seven percent of respondents believed their health to be better than normal.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.925-932
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to improve autonomous decision-making ability by analyzing the relationship between autonomy and decision-making ability. Methods : The subjects were 176 dental hygienists in Busan. Self-reported questionnaire was fill out from May 2012 to January 2013. Results : The average of the degree of autonomy was $2.20{\pm}0.29$. Buddhists showed the highest score of $2.37{\pm}0.37$ (p<0.05). Buddhists had the higher education than other religions (p<.05). Clinical decision-making ability was $2.21{\pm}0.25$. Among the subcategories, statistically significant differences (p<.05) was shown by gender, degree of education, and religion in the domain of "Exploration of Choice and Alternatives"; Buddhists showed a higher score in the domains of "Assessment and Re-evaluation of Decisions" and "Review of Values and Goals," with significant difference of p<.05. Autonomy and clinical decision making revealed a positive correlation in the categories "Assessment and Re-evaluation of Decisions" (r=.518, p=.000), "Review of Values and Goals" (r=.610, p=.000), and "Investigation of Information and Synchronization of New Information" (r=.314, p=.000). Conclusions : To improve the performance of dental hygienists, working systems and training will be intensified to develop the autonomy and clinical decision making.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2014

Background: This paper describes the relationship and effect of health examination on personal medical cost by identifying the difference of the cost for medical care in physician visit between the population without and with health examination. Methods: After classifying into three cohorts in which, independent variables were designed according to the Andersen's behavioral model, the association of personal medical cost for medical care and prescription drugs which is dependent variable was analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney test for description and gamma regression model for inference. Results: In personal average medical cost, the population with health examination paid significantly more than without health examination, 11.6% more in cohort 2008, 26.6% more in cohort 2009, and 48.0% more in combined cohort. The odds ratio on medical expenditure of outpatients with health examination was 1.067, 1.126, 1.398 significantly in cohort 2008, 2009, and combined cohort respectively, comparing to the group without health examination. In independent variables, that is female, the elderly, never married, non-working, non-metropolitan, the higher family income, the smaller family size, people with disability, the people with chronic disease, and people with health examination have significantly being paid more tendency showing positive association with medical cost. Conclusion: This result showed that medical expenditure in physician visit has been increased after taking a health examination. Therefore reasonable limitation of getting preventive medical service is suggested to avoid medical shopping around and reduce being repeated health examination by unifying control to find out easily the clinical results from various medical facilities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.97-109
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study work for the therapy and how students perceive the occupational therapist was to find out how. Method : The subjects in Busan and Kyungnam located in three two-year colleges and four-year clinical experience of two college students completed work therapeutics were expressed any research to understand the purpose of those who agreed to participate in the survey responded to the 175 people working Therapeutics two, three, four grades were included in the study. Result : 1. Education according to the image of the occupational therapist in grades four-year professional, the value and worth, the patient understand the position was higher in order. 3-year sophomore highly skilled in, the patient understand the position, sincerity was higher in order. 2. Gender occupational therapist who specializes in images for men, the value and worth, high practician was higher in women who were professional, the value and worth, helfer as high. 3. Theory of motivation based on the value of occupational therapists and rewarding images aptitude and interest, high practician, attractive, intellectual was in order. Entrance examination scores as a professional party, value & worth, abuse of authority ceremony was in order. 4. Image by Place of Practice Rehabilitation Hospital occupational therapist who specializes in, high practician, intellectual was in order. Care in the hospital and rewarding value, the professional character, high practician was in order. Hospital and rewarding the value, who specializes in, hepfer was in order. University Hospital who specializes in, the value and worth, Attractive was in order. Conclusion : It had revealed that occupational image perception of occupational therapy student was positive.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2017

Purpose In this study, radiation workers who work in nuclear medicine department were analyzed to find the cause of differences of radiation exposure from General Characteristic, Knowledge, Recognition and Conduct, especially females working on nuclear medicine radiation, in order to pave the way for positive defense against radiation exposure. Materials and Methods The subjects were 106 radiation workers who were divided into two groups of sixty-four males and forty-two females answered questions about their General Characteristic, Knowledge, Recognition, Conduct, and radiation exposure dose which was measured by TLD (Thermo Luminescence Dosimeter). Results The results of the analysis revealed that as the higher score of knowledge and conduct was shown, the radiation exposure decreased in female groups, and as the higher score of conduct was shown, the radiation exposure decreased in male groups. In the correlation analysis of female groups, the non-experienced in pregnancy showed decreasing amount of radiation exposure as the score of knowledge and conduct was higher and the experienced in pregnancy showed decreasing amount of radiation exposure as the score of recognition and conduct was higher. In the regression analysis on related factors of radiation exposure dose of nuclear medicine radiation workers, the gender caused the meaningful result and the amount of radiation exposure of female groups compared to male groups. In the regression analysis on related factors of radiation exposure dose of female groups, the factor of conduct showed a meaningful result and the amount of radiation exposure of the experienced in pregnancy was lower compared to the non-experienced. Conclusion The conclusion of this study revealed that radiation exposure of female groups was lower than that of male groups. Therefore, male groups need to more actively defend themselves against radiation exposure. Among the female groups, the experienced in pregnancy who have an active defense tendency showed a lower radiation exposure. Thus, those who have never been pregnant need to have a more active defensive conduct for the future possibility of pregnancy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.164-180
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• 1991

For the purpose of contributing to the promotion of health of the employees working at the same kind of department store or similar type of business and the people utilizing them and preparing the basic data for the establishment of mangagement measure by assessing the level of air pollusion at indoor and outodoor of four department store among the distribution service business in Pusan area, authors measured the concentration of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde and total suspanded particle according to the measuring height of variable at indoor and outodoor from Aug. 1990. to sep. an. d Jan, 1991 to Feb.: for each two months in summer and winter, and studied by dividing the variable factor into atmospheric factor (temperature, humidity and air velociy) The results are as follows ; 1. The mean concentration of air pollutants at indoor to total subjects was nitrogen dioxide 31.1ppb, sulfur dioxide 51.7ppb, formaldehyde 162.lppb and total suspanded particle $67.7{\mu}g/m^3$, and it was higher in winter than in summer (P>0.05) 2. The mean concentration of formaldehyde to total subjects was higher indoors than outdoors (P<0.001), in case of nitrogen dioxide there was no significant difference and sulfur dioxide and total suspanded particle were higher outdoors than indoors (P<0.05) 3. The concentration of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide proved to be a adverse correlation, reducing with height. 4. According to the result questioned about the exposure concentration of pollutant and the general symptom caused by the pollutant, nitorgen dioxide and symptom proved to be a positive correlation (P<0.09).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.815-823
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• 2013

To provide rice products in substituted for wheat flour and wheat products in elementary school foodservice, the survey for nutritionist in elementary school was accomplished from November 3rd to 8th, 2012 in Gwangju and Jeonnam area, and obtained 83 and 95 copies from Gwangju and Jeonnam, respectively. Most nutritionists were graduated from universities and had careers longer than 15 years. The nutritionists (56.7%) had worked at the schools where food allergy students were enrolled. The consumption of wheat flours per one student per month was 677.8 g in Gwangju and 707.4 g in Jeonnam. Udon and Jajangmyeon were more popular wheat products. Nutritionist agreed positively that rice products instead of wheat products were possible to use for meal menu (73.5% in Gwangju and 61.1% in Jeonnam). The frequent use of rice products was tteokbokkitteok, because of students' preference. The rice bread and tteokguktteok were preferred significantly higher in Jeonnam than in Gwangju. The advantages of rice products which perceived by nutritionists were benefits for health, digestive easily, and high nutritious, but their disadvantages were hard-to-find and expensive. The nutritional values of rice and recipes for cooking rice products were required as educational program for increasing consumption of rice products. Demonstration for rice cooking methods was selected most popular program. The application of rice products for school foodservice was preferred to Jeonnam compared to Gwangju (p<0.001). As a consequence, the nutritionists working in elementary school in Gwangju and Jeonnam area have positive thought about using rice products in school foodservice, if educational program of school foodservice menu using rice products should be demonstrated them.