• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.243-253
• /
• 1996

Let X and Y be random vectors in R$^{n}$ . A random vector X is 'more associated' than Y if and only if P(X $\in$ A ∩ B) - P(X $\in$ A)P(X $\in$ B) $\geq$ P(Y $\in$ A ∩ B)-P(Y $\in$ A)P(Y $\in$ B) for all open upper sets A and B. By requiring the above inequality to hold for some open upper sets A and B various notions of positive dependence orderings which are weaker than 'more associated' ordering are obtained. First a general theory is given and then the results are specialized to some concepts of a particular interest. Various properties and interrelationships are derived.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.1059-1068
• /
• 2000

In this paper we introduce a new concept of weakly positive upper orthant dependence POD of hitting times of stochastic processes. This concept is weaker than the positively orthant dependent and it is closed under a certain statistical operations of W POD ordering. Examples are given to illustrate these concepts.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2012

Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used to provide sedation or to induce and maintain an anesthetic stated. However, there are reports which indicate propofol may cause psychological dependence or be abused. In the present study, we used various behavioral tests including climbing test, jumping test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration test to assess the dependence potential and abuse liability of propofol compared to a positive control (methamphetamine) or a negative control (saline or intralipid). Among the tests, the conditioned place preference test was conducted with a biased method, and the selfadministration test was performed under a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule, 1 h per session. No difference was found in the climbing test and jumping test, but propofol (30 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the rewarding effect in the conditioned place preference test, and it showed a positive reinforcing effect compared to the vehicle. These results indicate that propofol tends to show psychological dependence rather than physical dependence, and it seems not to be related with dopaminergic system.

• 호남수학학술지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.159-178
• /
• 2001

In this paper we introduce a new concept of positive orthant dependence of multivariate stochastic processes. This concept is weaker than the POD but it enjoys most of the properties and preservation results of the POD. Some examples are presented.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.743-754
• /
• 1997

We introduce a class of finite and infinite moving average (MA) sequences of multivariate random vectors exponential marginals. The theory of dependence is used to show that in various cases the class of MA sequences consists of associated random variables. We utilize positive dependence properties to obtain some probability bounds for the multivariate processes.

• 호남수학학술지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1993

In this paper we present of a class infinite M A (moving-average) sequences of multivariate random vectors. We use the theory of positive dependence to show that in a variety of cases the classes of M A sequences are associated. We then apply the association to establish some probability bounds and moment inequalities for multivariate processes.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.347-370
• /
• 1995

The elderly population of Korea has been significantly increasing due to advances in public health, medical care, and quality of life. Social, economical influence of the elderly population has been increasing, too. Research regarding elderly people is important because many elderly people take care of their appearance and clothing, and clothing plays an important role in the elderly women's everyday life. This study investigated the life satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, and clothing behavior of women aged 55 years and older who were residents of Seoul. The results of this study are as followings: 1. The importance of various factors on clothing behavior is different. They are management, clothing importance, fashion indifference, information search and purchase planning, clothing dependence, status symbol, and conformity in order of the importance. 2. Age has a positive relationship with each of fashion indifference and clothing dependence, but a negative relationship with information search and purchase planning. 3. Age has a positive relationship with each of life satisfaction and allowance. 4. Appearance satisfaction is positively related with age, but is significantly related with neither allowance nor education. 5. There are positive relationships between life satisfaction and all clothing behavior factors except status symbol. 6. Appearance satisfaction are siginicantly correlated with management, conformity, clothing dependence, and clothing importance. And life satisfaction has more significant relationship with clothing behavior than appearance satisfaction does.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.123-143
• /
• 1998

The aim of this paper is to investigate the women's apparel distribution channel in the well-known department stores located in the central Seoul area. Since the department store has its reputation, information and enormous buying power, it is the one of the major leading retails in the women's apparel industry. In doing so, the relationship between the channel members in terms of the level of dependence, power sources and perceived conflict and manifest conflict has been studied. Particularly, based on French and Raven's power sources, position source is added. It refers to a channel member's (Merchandizer in the department store) source over another based on the expection the former (Merchandizer in the department store) will be able to allocate the location and size of the store influencing the latter's sale and profit. The key informants are the merchandizers who work in the apparel companies contracting with major department stores. Finally, of the 284 questionnaires collected, 235 are usable. The hypotheses are tested through LISREL. The results of statistical analysis support that : Dependence has a positive effect on noncoercive bases of power. Coercive bases of power have a positive effect on manifest conflict as well as perceived conflict while noncoercive bases of power have a negative effect mainly on manifest conflict. Thus, the relation between the major department stores and the women's apparel companies in there seems to have bilateral dependence rather than highly unilateral dependence.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2018

Purpose - This study empirically examines the effects of environmental dynamics(dynamics of one's own company, dynamics of competitors, and dynamics of customers), within the franchise industry, on the dependence and conflict(dysfunctional conflict and functional conflicts) and the business performances(financial and non-financial). Furthermore, we empirically examined the effects of the dependence of franchise on the conflicts(dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict) and business performances(financial and non-financial). Finally, we empirically examined the effects of the conflicts of franchise (dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict) on the business performances(financial and non-financial). Research design, data, and methodology - Our study conducted a survey on the managers and owners of the franchises located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. The total number of valid samples was 230, and the structural equation model was analyzed by using AMOS program. Results - First, the environmental dynamics(dynamics of one's own company, dynamics of competitors, and dynamics of customers) in the franchise industry were shown to have statistically significant positive effect on the dependence of franchise. Second, among the environmental dynamics in the franchise industry, the dynamics of one's own company and the dynamics of the customers were shown to have a statistically significant positive effect on the dysfunctional conflicts of franchisees. However, in the franchise industry, the dynamics of competitors did not have a statistically significant effect on the dysfunctional conflict of the franchise. Third, in the franchise industry, the environmental dynamics(dynamics of one's own company, dynamics of competitors, and dynamics of customers) did not have a statistically significant effect on the functional conflicts of the franchises. Fourth, the dependence of franchise was shown to have a statistically significant positive effect on the conflicts(dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict). Fifth, the dysfunctional conflict of franchisees was shown to have a statistically significant negative effect on the business performances(financial and non-financial). Sixth, the functional conflicts of franchises was shown to have a statistically significant positive effect on business performances(financial and non-financial). Conclusions - From the franchise industry researches, the environmental dynamics were selected as the preceding factors and the relationship leading to dependence, conflict, and business performance were constructed into model.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.406-416
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 아동이 지각한 부모의 긍정적 양육태도와 부정적 양육태도가 스마트폰 의존도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 공격성과 사회적 위축이 부모의 양육태도와 스마트폰 의존도 간의 관계에서 매개 구실을 하는지 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 '한국아동·청소년패널조사 2018(KCYPS 2018)' 데이터를 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구대상은 "초4 코호트" 2,607명 중 불성실한 응답표본 208명을 제외한 2,399명이다. 본 연구를 통해 도출한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자율성 지지와 강요는 아동의 공격성에 대해 부(-)영향을 미치지만, 거부와 비일관성은 공격성에 대해 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비일관성과 거부는 아동의 사회적 위축에 대해 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 강요는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공격성은 아동의 스마트폰 의존도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 사회적 위축은 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 매개효과 검증을 통해 아동이 지각한 부모의 양육태도의 하위요인인 자율성지지, 거부, 강요 그리고 비일관성은 아동의 스마트폰 의존도에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 보다는 공격성을 매개로 하여 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결론에서는 아동의 스마트폰 의존도를 낮추기 위한 시사하는 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.