• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1973

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the delivery of health services effects the health knowledge of the recipients of that service. 10 was hypothesized that the practical application of theory, though health services rendered by public health nursing students during their field experiences. would have a positive relationship with the quantity and quality of health knowledge of the female population of a given community. In April 1970, ninety five women(between an age 15-49) from Koyang-Gun were interviewed regarding their knowledge and attitudes in four areas of health: maternal health, child health. family planning and tuberculosis prevention. After 11 years(Nov. l971), during which time the women received home visits by student nurses, the women were again interviewed using the original questionnaire. Additionally, they were asked where they had received information about each question. During the 1$\frac{1}{2}$ year period the visits were made by a total of 112 students. They visited the community twice a week. The result were as follows: Maternal health There was marked improvement in the knowledge of specific aspects of maternal health such as the proper instruments needed for cutting the cord and nutritional precaution of pregnancy (p<0.05). In each case 42.0 percent of more of this knowledge was attributed to information gained from the nursing students. However even after the nursing students'visits, the knowledge of other general areas of maternal remained poor. Child health There were increases in the knowledge of the respondents for the time to supplement breast feeding and for time to wean infants (p<0.05). In each case 35.0 percent or more of this information was attributed to the student. The increase in knowledge regarding types of immunization was more often attributed to the clinic nurse than to the nursing students. Knowledge of the necessity of booster immunization was poor both before and after the visits by the nursing students. Family planing There were significant increases in correct information regarding the time of I.U.D. insertion (P<0.05) and method of taking the oral pill (P<0.05). More than 42.0 percent of the increase was attributed to the nursing students'visits. However there was a slight decrease in correct information about concept of family planning. Tuberculosis There was a general lack of improvement in all areas concerned with tuberculosis. Two thirds of the respondents felt tuberculosis was hereditary and did not know what B.C.G. was. From this study, it could be concluded that in specific area the health knowledge of the female population studied was positively effected by the visits of the nursing students. The study also, suggests, however, that there was a marked unevenness in the overall increase in health knowledge. This raises serious questions which require further research. Suggested areas for further research are (1) Adequacy of the course content preparing nurses for the field experience. (2) A public health nursing manual for student reference. (3) Where and when specific aspects of health can be taught most effectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 1991

Recognition of the usefulness and the importance of the nursing diagnosis is increasing. There is a prevailing opinion that nursing diagnosis should be used to improve the quality of nursing care. Developing standardized nursing care palns based on nursing diagnoses is therefore considered one of the most essential projects for professional growth and improvement in the nursing world of Korea. Consequently, in the first stage of this research project, the ten nursing diagnses used most frequently with patients on medical and surgical wards were determined and related nursing care plans were developed, implemented and evaluated. The application of the standardized nursing care plans raised the nurses' confidence and proved to be effective in enhancing the quality of nursing care. This study was initiated as the next stage, to develop, test, and determine the validity of nursing care plans for the remaining nursing diagnoses. Nineteen medical and surgical wards were selected for the study ; the 176 staff nurses working on those wards and 1211 patients hospitalized there (603 patients during the nursing care plan use) took part in the project. The following summarizes the results of the study : 1. After listing all the nursing diagnoses up to the 20th in frequency from each ward except the ten used in the first study, 22 nursing diagnoses were selected. Two related to ‘self care deficit’, were combined into one. Standardized nursing care plans were established for these 21 nursing diagnoses. 2. The first page of each nursing care plan lists the related factors and defining characteristics as supporting data. The application rate distribution revealed that the majority were recorded less than 50% of the time. For each nursing diagnosis, only one to three related factors were recorded more than 50% of the time regardless of the number of suggested related factors, and similarly, only one to five defining characteristics were recorded more than 50% of the time regardless of the number of suggested defining characteristics. Therefore, these factors and defining characteristics were proposed as the common related factors and the typical signs and symptoms for each nursing diagnosis. 3. The application rate distribution for the expected outcomes, and the nursing orders that were the main data of each nursing care plan occurred more than 50% of the time, unlike the related factors and the characteristics that occurred less frequently. These findings supported the clinical validity. 4. In an effort to evaluate indirectly the effect of the use of the standardized nursing care plans, nurses' job satisfaction and perceptions of their ability in the use of the nursing process were measured and compared. Scores after the use of the plans were significantly higher than those before. The experience in actually using the standardized nursing care plans with patients increased the nurses' professional and emotional satisfaction and their confidence in using the nursing process. Also when the nurses who actually used the nursing care plans were asked to rate their effectiveness, the highest score was given to ‘the ease of establishing the nursing goal’, followed by ‘improved professional advice and care for patients’, ‘the efficiency and systemization of charting’, ‘the definite recognition of the nursing problem’, and ‘the selection of effective and appropriate nursing interventions’ in descending order. The results indicate the nurses were very positive about the effect of the real clinical application of standardized nursing care plans, and that the objective of this study to utilize the nursing diagnosis to strengthen the nursing process was attained.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

This study was aimed to examine nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and eating habits of elementary school students and to examine if their characteristics differ by gender. Subjects were 5th and 6th graders of an elementary school (n = 317) in Seoul, and the survey was done during July 2007. Mean height, weight, BMI of subjects was 148.1 cm. 41.7 kg, 19.0, and 14.3% of subjects were categorized as the overweight/obese group. Anthropometric data were not significantly different by gender. Mean score of nutrition knowledge was 14.9 out of 20 showing moderate knowledge levels, and girls scored higher on nutrition knowledge than boys (p < 0.05). Subjects showed knowledge deficit in areas such as nutrients, food groups and specific weight control information. The percentages of correct answers regarding meals for brain function were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). They got nutrition information mainly from mass media and family/relatives. The mean score of dietary attitudes was 41.2 (possible score: 10-50) indicating somewhat positive attitudes, and the score of eating behaviors was 34.8 (possible score: 15-45). Subjects showed problems in eating habits such as having unbalanced diets and snack foods. 82.6% of subjects had unbalanced meals, and these percentages were higher in girls (87.2%) than in boys (78.1%, p < 0.05). Vegetables and fish/shellfish were the most disliked foods. Specific eating behaviors, such as eating slowly, eating grains and having processed foods less frequently, were better in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). Results also showed that majority of subjects need to improve specific behaviors including having diverse foods, eating meals slowly, having meals at regular times, having adequate foods in each food groups, and eating sweets or salty foods less frequently. Only 52.7% of subjects perceived their body images as normal, and 56.4% had experience of weight control. Reasons for weight control were different by gender (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, nutrition education for school children should focus on modifying eating habits or eating behaviors, by suggesting practically applicable methods and providing nutrition information that is interesting and suitable to school-aged children.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.397-432
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is Big Five personality factors of personality type on career behavior, that is, entry to the unsafe first job in Korean university students. To accomplish this research objective, this study collected data from 500 students in three universities and two colleges located in the Chungcheong region. Among 350 questionnaires, 342 copies were used for a final analysis. In order to analyze the survey data, statistical package program SPSS/WIN 18.0 was utilized and statistical techniques such as basic statistical analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used. The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows. The extraversion personality and agreeableness personality of college students has a significant effect on the entry to the unsafe first job in the positive direction. On the other hand, the neurotic personality and openness to experience has a significant effect on the entry to the unsafe first job in the negative direction. However, the integrity personality of college students was not statistically significant. Finally, based on the empirical results we suggested several theoretical and practical implications.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.271-294
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• 2017

Social workers empathized with clients'distress, feel concerned for clients in distress, and try to reduce their distress. This is called compassion. Compassion is an essential component of social work practice. However, compassion results in both positive results and negative results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Korean version of ProQOL which was developed to measure compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue of helping professionals, to identify levels of compassion satisfaction/fatigue of the participants, and to divide the participants into clusters by clustering variables which are compassion satisfaction/fatigue. A total of 284 social workers residing in Seoul and Surrounding areas participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the Korea version of ProQOL is composed of compassion satisfaction factor and compassion fatigue factor as reported in a previous study. Its reliability and validity were satisfactory. The level of participants'compassion satisfaction was above moderate and their level of compassion fatigue was below moderate. Those who are older, have graduate education, have more years of work experience, or have higher positions have more compassion satisfaction. Cluster analysis divided the participants into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 is characterized by moderate compassion satisfaction and low compassion fatigue, Cluster 2 is characterized by low compassion satisfaction and moderate compassion fatigue, and Cluster 3 is characterized by high compassion satisfaction and high compassion fatigue.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.43
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• pp.95-122
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• 2015

This paper is based on the compensation of the literature. In other words, the problem of affection Ginyeo & Ginyeo-sijo would review that to be considered compensation of the literature. Specifically, the relationship between maternal oppression and Ginyeo & Ginyeo-sijo. Prior to the detailed discussions looked at the relationship between women and motherhood, through the overall Classic-siga(古典詩歌). As a result, it took the theme of motherhood from a variety of genres, as it were, Hyangga(향가), Goryeo-Sokyo(고려속요), Gasa(가사), Folk songs etc. But Ginyeo groups position was different. The Ginyeo groups was limited or no chance of maternal expressions. This also affects creative Sijo. So the Ginyeo-sijo has a few characteristics. In terms of the compensation of oppression, characteristics of the Ginyeo-sijo can be categorized into three types. These are dedication of a plaintive love, bold expression of desire, wittily linguistic playfulness. Dedication of a plaintive love is a very passive, and the general pattern of the Ginyeo-sijo. Bold expression of desire, this is the love the theme is the same. But this is a positive. And then, wittily linguistic playfulness is a rhetorical expression. It was used as a method of ambiguous and homophone. In short, for Ginyeo groups would have been a chance of roused to action(發憤), that is oppression of motherhood. And this would contribute to the development of Ginyeo-sijo. As the experience of exile literature developed in isolation of the Scholar-official(사대부).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-55
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• 2009

Objective: This study explores the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS and the relationship between knowledge and attitude among social workers and nurses working in the public sector in Gwangju, S. Korea. Methods: The sample was composed of 121 nurse and 124 social workers. For the purpose of this research participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS. The data was collected between December 2008 and January 2009. All data was analyzed using SPSS WIN version 12.0 for technical statistics. t-Test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis was employed. Results: First, the result of this research showed that the level of participants knowledge on HIV/AIDS was 85.9%. The nurses score was significantly higher than social workers on knowledge. Second, the outcome also showed that nurses generally had a more positive attitude about HIV/AIDS patients than social workers but it was not significant. Third, participant's attitudes towards HIV/AIDS was significantly influenced by the level of knowledge and previous education about HIV/AIDS. Fourth, the results also showed that knowledge on HIV/AIDS is the most important influencing factor towards the participants attitude. Conclusion: This result has important implications for future education programs designed for health care professionals including nurses and social workers. Given the importances of the role of public officers as practitioners and policy makers on HIV/AIDS, the education program should not only focus on lectures but also include a sharing of practical experience and knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.27-39
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine how sex workers perceive the current STD examination service and how the perceptions are related with sex workers' intention to use the service. Methods: The data for this study came from a survey among sex workers who had an experience of using STD examination service provided by local public health centers. Sex workers' perceptions to STD examination service and their intention to use the service were measured with multiple items adapted from the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) developed by Ware and his colleagues. Results: Most sex workers are satisfied with the current STD examination service provided by local public health centers and they have a strong intention to use the service. In predicting general satisfaction and intention to use STD examination service, few socioeconomic variables play a significant role. Among specific dimensions of STD test service, technical quality and accessibility of the service affect both general satisfaction and intention to use the service in a positive direction. The most important determinant of sex workers' intention to use STD examination service is their general satisfaction with the service. Conclusion: With the existing laws that still officially justify STD examination programs, the demand and need for STD examination service by sex workers further the current STD examination programs. Health authorities which aim at health maintenance, health promotion and health protection for the people, thus, need to continue their STD control programs actively and effectively regardless of the Special Law on Sex Trade.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.135-142
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking, drinking and stress on premenstrual syndrome in female college students. From January 19 to March 1, 2017, the 218 data were collected from university students in Jeonnam, who don't have any parity and uterus disease. Analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, simple regression analysis with SPSS23. As a result, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between stress and premenstrual syndrome($R^2=.155$, ${\beta}=.393$, p<.001). But, there was no difference in PMS level according to existence of drinking(or smoking) experience. This study had a meaningful result to figure out factors influencing on female college student PMS and offered basic data for developing premenstrual syndrome care programs and nursing intervention. To manage PMS effectively, it is nessasary to develop Convergence Nursing intervention to reduce stress.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2016

Interest is one of the important factors in science education. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the follow-up interest of elementary school students on topics of 'Small Organisms' World'. The follow-up interests of the students on the topic were grouped into three categories; the developed-expanded-deepened (EDD), the simply expanded and maintained (SEM), and the stoped or decreased (SD) types. Each types had specific distinguishing features. Through the examination of students' responses and the in-depth interviews, the factors affecting on the follow-up interests of the students were analyzed. The factors were classified into two types of the external factor and the internal one. While the external factors were mainly related to the instructional materials used in science class and teaching methods, the internal factors were related to the desire for knowing, prior knowledge, students' experience and attitude toward the topics of science. In relation to the types of the follow-up interests, these factors were affected by different causes. The EDD type was most affected by internal factors, such as desire for knowing and prior knowledge. The SEM type was shown to be most affected by external factors, such as instructional materials. The SD type was mainly influenced by external factors, such as teaching methods. From the analysis of internal factors, it was revealed that the attitude and the prior knowledge about the topic are related with the follow-up interests. There was a positive relationship between the levels of science attitude and science knowledge. The students who had EDD type had a higher level of attitude and knowledge. However, there were some students who had higher level of scientific knowledge with SD type. The results of in-depth interviews showed that they were influenced by negative perceptions about science and stress on their grades. In conclusion, each follow-up interest type were caused by the external factors contained in the processes of the science class and the internal ones associated with the individual features and were influenced by the science class. So, the teacher should help the students be able to have the EDD type of follow-up interest which is persisted even after the completion of the science curriculum. For this, when the teachers design science curriculum and plan lesson, they should consider both internal and external factors significantly influencing the students' follow-up interests.