• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.875-881
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• 2004

The quality of recycled aggregate is affected by original concrete strength and the manufacturing process of recycled aggregates. In this study, the porosity of old and new mortar, and the compressive strength of concrete were investigated to examine the influence of recycled aggregate on the concrete. Six kinds of recycled coarse aggregates were produced from concrete blocks of differing strength levels (A:60. 1MPa, B:41.7MPa, C:25.5MPa). Original concrete strength and the bond mortar of recycled aggregate influences the pore structures of both old and new mortar. The pore size distribution of old mortar was found to be greatly affected by age, and the reduction of the porosity of bond mortar on low strength recycled aggregate increased at a greater rate than that of bond mortar on high strength recycled aggregate. The pore size distribution of new mortar in recycled aggregate concrete changed in comparison with that of new mortar in virgin aggregate concrete. The total porosity of new mortar using B level recycled aggregates was smaller than that of new mortar with A, and C level recycled aggregates. Moreover, the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete was found to have been affected by original concrete strength. The compressive strength of concrete only changed slightly in the porosity of new mortar over $15\%$, but increased rapidly in the porosity of new mortar fewer than $15\%$.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2009

The effect of porosity on the high-cycle fatigue properties of Al-Si-Mg casting aluminum alloys was investigated in this study. Microstructure examination, tensile and high-cycle fatigue test were conducted on both Al-Si-Mg casted (F) and heat-treated (T6) conditions. Porosity characteristics on the fracture surfaces of fatigue-tested samples were examined using SEM and image analysis. The microstructure observation results showed that eutectic Si particles were homogeneously dispersed in the matrix of the Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, but there were porosities formed as cast defects. The high-cycle fatigue results indicated that the fatigue strength of the 356-T6 alloy was higher than that of the 356-F alloys because of the significant reduction in volume fraction of pores by heat treatment. The SEM fractography results showed that porosity affected detrimental effect on the fatigue life: 80% of all tested samples fractured as a result of porosity which acted as the main crack initiation site. It was found that fatigue life decreased as the size of the surface pore increased. A comparison was made between surface pore and inner pore for its effect on the fatigue behavior. The results showed that the fatigue strength with the inner pores was higher than that of the surface pore.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.350-352
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• 2009

The effect of porosity on the high-cycle fatigue properties of Al-Si-Mg casting aluminum alloys was investigated in this study. Microstructure examination, tensile and high-cycle fatigue test were conducted on both Al-Si-Mg casted (F) and heat-treated (T6) conditions. Porosity characteristics on the fracture surfaces of fatigue-tested samples were examined using SEM and image analysis. The microstructure observation results showed that eutectic Si particles were homogeneously dispersed in the matrix of the Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, but there were porosities formed as cast defects. The high-cycle fatigue results indicated that the fatigue strength of the 356-T6 alloy was higher than that of the 356-F alloys because of the significant reduction in volume fraction of pores by heat treatment. The SEM fractography results showed that porosity affected detrimental effect on the fatigue life: 80% of all tested samples fractured as a result of porosity which acted as the main crack initiation site. It was found that fatigue life decreased as the size of the surface pore increased. A comparison was made between surface pore and inner pore fur its effect on the fatigue behavior. The results showed that the fatigue strength with the inner pores was higher than that of the surface pore.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

Reduction effect of the spread of odorant and fine dust through windbreak trees can be predicted through numerical analysis. However, there is a disadvantage that a large space and destructive experiments must be carried out each time to calculate the aerodynamic coefficient of the tree. In order to overcome these shortcomings, In this study, we aimed to estimate the aerodynamic coefficient (C₀, C₁, C₂) by using image processing. Thuja occidentalis, which can be used as windbreak were used as the material. The leaf area index was estimated from the leaf area ratio using image processing with leaf weight, and the optical porosity was calculated through image processing of photos taken from the side while removing the leaves step-by-step. Correlation analysis was conducted with the aerodynamic coefficient of Thuja occidentalis calculated from the wind tunnel test and leaf area index and optical porosity calculated from the image analysis. The aerodynamic coefficient showed positive and negative correlations with the leaf area index and optical porosity, respectively. The results showed that the possibility of estimating the aerodynamic coefficient using image processing.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

최근에 들어 투수콘크리트의 동결융해에 대한 저항성이 저하되는 것과 줄눈부에서의 골재박리 등의 많은 문제점들이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 투수콘크리트의 내구성을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 잔골재와 실리카흄, 고성능감수제를 사용하여 강도 및 내구성 증진 방안을 연구하였다. 주요실험인자로 실리카흄 혼입률 10%와 잔골재 혼입률(0%, 7%, 15%)을 선정하고, 압축강도와 휨강도, 투수계수 및 공극률, 동결융해시험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 강도측면에서는 잔골재 혼입률이 증가함에 따라 압축 및 휨강도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 상대적으로 공극률 감소로 인한 투수성은 저하되고, 동결융해 저항성도 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 투수콘크리트에 있어서 강도증진을 위해 사용되는 잔골재는 혼입률 제한이 필요하며, 실리카흄 10%이상을 사용하는 것이 강도 및 내구성 측면에서 효율적인 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 상대적으로 얇은 두께의 스트럿을 가진 스텐트를 적용하여 스텐트의 공극률(80%, 74% 및 64%)에 따른 뇌동맥류 내부 유동 특성 변화를 이해하고자 CFD 해석을 수행하고, 기존의 발표된 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 수치해석 방법으로는 이차의 사면체 요소(quadratic tetrahedral element) 기반의 유한요소해석(FEM) 코드를 이용하였다. 뇌동맥류 내부 평균유속 감소비의 정량적인 면에서는 실험결과와 약간의 차이를 보였으나, 스텐트 공극률에 따른 뇌동맥류 내부 유동장 패턴 및 평균유속 감소의 상대적 특성 등은 비교적 잘 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 본 연구에서 고려한 가장 높은 80% 공극률을 가지는 스텐트의 경우에도 비교적 우수한 뇌동맥류 유입 유속 감소 효과를 가짐을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이보다 더 낮은 공극률을 가진 스텐트의 경우에는 약간의 추가적인 뇌동맥류 유입 유속 감소 효과를 가지나, 유속 및 벽전단응력 등의 혈류역학적 특성은 큰 변화가 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 원위치 생물학적 처리 과정에서 공대사 기작에 의해 분해되는 유기오염물질의 성상과 거동을 모의하기 위한 수학적 모델을 제기하였다. 토양구조 내에서 부동유역의 존재가 처리 과정에 미치는 영향을 고려하기 위하여 이중공극 개념을 적용하였으며, 유기오염물질의 거동과 생물학적 처리에 미치는 미생물의 영향을 수학적으로 표현하기 위하여 수정된 Monod식과 토양상 미생물의 미소군집모형이 적용되었다. 가상의 원위치 생물학적 처리 과정에 대한 모델의 적용을 통하여 공극내 생체축적으로 인한 투수능의 감소가 지하수 흐름에 미치는 영향이 예시되었다. 가상의 생물학적 처리 과정에 대한 모델의 모의결과는 부동유역의 존재가 유기오염물질의 생물학적 가용성을 저감시키며, 생물벽체의 형성 및 처리과정에 있어 외부로부터의 미생물 및 영양물질 주입정의 위치가 효과적인 처리 계획의 수립을 위해 중요하다는 것을 보여 주었다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-146
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• 2022

In the recent years, the use of agricultural waste in green cement mortar and concrete production has attracted considerable attention because of potential saving in the large areas of landfills and potential enhancement on the performance of mortar. In this research, microparticles of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) obtained from a multistage thermal and mechanical treatment processes of raw POFA originating from palm oil mill was utilized as a pozzolanic material to produce high-performance cement mortar (HPCM). POFA was used as a partial replacement material to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40% by volume. Sand with particle size smaller than 300 ㎛ was used to enhance the performance of the HPCM. The HPCM mixes were tested for workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), porosity and absorption. The results portray that the incorporation of micro POFA in HPCMs led to a slight reduction in the compressive strength. At 40% replacement level, the compressive strength was 87.4 MPa at 28 days which is suitable for many high strength applications. Although adding POFA to the cement mixtures harmed the absorption and porosity, those properties were very low at 3.4% and 11.5% respectively at a 40% POFA replacement ratio and after 28 days of curing. The HPCM mixtures containing POFA exhibited greater increase in strength and UPV as well as greater reduction in absorption and porosity than the control OPC mortar from 7 to 28 days of curing age, as a result of the pozzolanic reaction of POFA. Micro POFA with finely graded sand resulted in a dense and high strength cement mortar due to the pozzolanic reaction and increased packing effect. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the POFA could be used with high replacement ratios as a pozzolanic material to produce HPCM.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1985

From the combination of cigarette papers, tipping papers and plug wrapping papers, whose physical properties and effect of cigarette smoke dilution were studied. The result obtained from this study are as follows. Envelop ventilation (Env-V'R) cigarettes used high porous cigarette papers showed less changes of unencapsulated pressure drop VPD) compared to tip ventilation (Tip-VR) cigarettes. Higher cigarette paper porosity increased, more decreased the WD of cigarette by Tip-VR. With cigarette length shortening, the UPD or VR changed a little in Tip-VR cigarette, while changed very much in Env-VR cigarettes. The ratio of nicotine/tar was higher in Env-VB cigarettes than in Tip-VR cigarettes, and CO/nicotine value of the former was lower than those of the later. The effect of Tip-VR cigarettes on the delivery reduction of tar and nicotine was more effective compared to Env-VR cigarettes and the reduction prefer Env-VR cigarettes to Tip-VR cigarettes in CO delivery. From the results investigated above it was noted that each defect appeared in the Tip-VR and the Env-VR cigarettes could be complemented by the combination of them.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2008

Laser welding with AZ61 filler wire was carried out to improve formability though reduction of porosity and formation of under fill bead. Optimum welding condition and mechanical properties of butt joint for $400{\times}500{\times}1.3mm$ magnesium sheets were studied. Optimal welding conditions of laser power, welding speed, and defocusing length are 1000W, 3m/min, and 2mm, respectively. Results of tensile test indicated that both tensile strength and elongation of specimens welded with filler wire were improved at room temperature because of reduction of porosity and under-filled bead formation in addition to the precipitation hardening and microstructure refinement by Al-Mn and Mg-Al-Zn precipitates. At elevated temperature of $200{\sim}350^{\circ}C$, fracture location of tensile specimen was shifted from weld metal to base metal, indicating less softening of weld metal than base metal.