• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 1993

A natural Quercus variabilis forest and a Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa plantation in Mt. Mohu area were studied to investigate aboveground biomass and net production. A $20m{\times}30m$ quadrat was set up in each stand, and 10 sample trees each of Quercus variabilis and Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa were cut for dimension analysis. There was little difference in accuracy among three biomass regression models of logWt=A+BlogD, $logWt=A+BlogD^2H$, and logWt=A+BlogD+ClogH, where Wt. D, and H were dry weight, DBH, and height, respectively. Aboveground total biomass of Quercus variabilis stand was 31,275kg/ha, and that of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa was 55,581kg/ha. In both of Quercus variabilis stand and Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand, the proportion of each tree component to abovegound total biomass was high in order of stem wood, branches, stem bark, and leaves. Quercus variabilis stand was higher in the proportion of stem bark, branches and leaves than Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand, while the former was lower in that of stem wood than the latter. Aboveground total net production of Quercus variabilis stand was 4,267kg/ha/yr., and that of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand was 3,903kg/ha/yr. The proportion of each tree component to aboveground total net production of Quercus variabilis stand was high in order of leaves, stem wood, branches, and stem bark. That of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand was high in order of stem wood, leaves, branches, and stem bark. Net assimilation rate and efficiency of leaf to produce stem of Quercus variabilis stand were 2.121 and 0.840, respectively. Those of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa stand were 3.376 and 2.085, respectively. Though Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa stand was lower in aboveground total net production than Quercus variabilis stand, the former was higher in aboveground total biomass than the latter. The reason was that Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa stand was higher in net production of stem wood of accumulation organs than Quercus variablis stand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.242-246
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• 2009

We examined sapflow of two populus tree species (Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa and Populus euramericana) grown under Swine wastewater treatment, and measured relationship between sapflow and climate facters. Sapflow of P. euramericana was 1.5 times greater than that of P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa from September to late December 2007. However, sapflow of P. euramericana and P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa was similar after late January. The relationship between the mean temperature and sapflow was relatively high. There was a decrease in sapflow tendency of the two poplar species during the late October when the mean temperature was low. Trends on relationship between the relative humidity and sapflow showed low relationship. However, data showed weak relationship between sapflow and precipitation. During the period of less precipitation, sapflow of P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa has no relationship. Sapflow of two populus species was still active during non-growing season. P. euramericana was considered as a better species than P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa, in terms of phytoremediation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1990

The relative aluminium tolerance of 5 Populus species (Populus davidiana, P. maximowiczii, P. nigra, P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa, and P. nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowicizii) was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog medium with 5 levels of aluminium-EDTA concentration (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0mM). The number of root initiation of 5 Populus species was significantly affected by the medium containing various levels of aluminium concentration. The native poplar, P. davidiana showed the highest aluminium tolerance among 5 species and even stimulated shoot and root growth on the medium containing at the low levels aluminium, 0.1 to 0.2 mM concentrations. The medium containing 1.0 mM aluminium inhibited root initiation from plantlets of all species except P. davidiana. Plantlets cultured on the medium with more than 0.5 mM aluminium exhibited retarded growth and abnormal leaf shape. P. nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowiczii exhibited significantly higher aluminium tolerance than its parental species. Silvicultural aspects associated with aluminium tolerance of Populus are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

To study the wood quality factors of Populus nigra $\times$ maxmowiczii known a rapidly growing species, the variations of green moisture contents, bulk density, wood fibre dimensions, microfibril angles, and number of leaf knot in stem wood were investigated. The heartwood contained a higher moisture content than the corresponding sapwood. Bulk density in radial patterns variations decrease outward from the pith, then increase toward the bark. The wood-fiber length and diameters had somewhat smaller values than on Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa or Populus euramericana. The microfibril angles decreased rapidly toward the outside, and their mean values were about 16 degree. The grain angles run nearly parallel to the cell axies. Number of leaf knot showed a fluctural change above ground level to a point near the base of the crown and then increased rapidly to the top of tree and average number of leaf knot varied exclusively from tree to tree.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2001

The efficiency of in vitro regeneration of four clones of Populus euramericana, Canada blanc, Eugenii, I-45/51, and Wisconsin #5, was examined. Cytokinins and the combinations with auxins affected the rate of regeneration from the explants of root segments, stem internodes, and leaf discs. Overall, BA and the combination with auxins were effective in root segments and leaf discs of the Canada blanc clone, whereas zeatin and the combination with auxins were important in stem internodes of the Wisconsin #5 clone. The highest number of shoots averaging 17.6 $\pm$ 0.47 from root segments in the Canada blanc clone,18.2 $\pm$ 3.0 from stem internodes in the Wisconsin #5 clone, and 17.8 $\pm$ 1.92 from leaf discs in the Canada blanc clone were obtained with 2.0 mg/1 BA, 2.0 mg/l zeatin combined with 0.2 mg/l IAA, and 0.5 mg/l BA combined with 0.05 mg/l 2,4-D, respectively. In particular, the addition of 2,4-D into cytokinin medium promoted shoot proliferation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 1983

Sectional equilibrium moisture contents of Larix leptolepis and Populus euramericana I-476 were determined, their correlations and significances were investigated. Among the ovendry moisture contents. electric moisture meter determining values and the estimative values through chemical equilibria formula, there were significant correlations, 1-5% level, at whole sections in Larix leptolepis. However, in Populus euramericana there was only significant correlation between ovendry moisture content values and electric moisture meter determining values.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.26-36
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• 1994

The comparative wood anatomy of 1 species belonging to genus Myrica of Myricaceae, 9 species to genus Populus and 8 species to genus Salix of Salcaceae, occurring in Korea, was described and coded according to IAWA list(Wheeler, 1989). Myrica rubra. of Myricaceae is a typical diffuse-porous wood with numerous vessels per $mm^2$ and its pores are mainly angular in outline. Vessels scalariform perforation plates with a few bars, very small inter vessel pits; axial parenchyma abundant, diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregates which is distinct and easily observed on cross section; rays 1-3 seriate, Kribs' heterogeneous I or II types, frequently contains rhomboidal crystals; Dark pigmented substances included in some rays and axial parenchyma. Salicaceae, a typical diffuse porous wood, has mainly radial pore multiple, large intervessel pits, distinct alternate pits, simple perforation plates, ray-vessel pits with circular large pits, uniseriate rays, marginal parenchyma composed of 1-2 layers. In some species, ray parenchyma contain crystals. Populus and Salix wood can be distinguished from one another by the following characters. Pores of Populus woods almost angular in outline. Uniseriate homogeneous rays slightly higher than Salix and long linear on tangential section. Whereas Salix woods appear the pores almost oval, uniseriate heterogeneous rays, which are smular narrow fusiform on tangential section and lower in height than Populus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1983

Survival and height growth affected by cutting diameter were studied to find out the optimum size of cuttings in Populus nigra${\times}$p. maximowiczii $F_1$ clones. The size of the cuttings should be at least 8mm, when 80 percent of survival rate is considered as a standard. The height growth was increased with increase of cutting diameter for two months after planting and, after two months, effect of cutting diameter on height growth was decreased since July. However, the survival rate and height growth of large cuttings (above 13mm) showed better than small cuttings (below 13mm), when the cutting sizes are divided into two groups. Height growth per day was reached at peak during August, and then it was gradually decreased. It was considered that the height growth terminated in early 10 days of October.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2000

The recycling method of enokitake cultural waste and the potentiality of second flush for enokitake were determined, because this fungus is not as prolific as the more commonly cultivated white rot fungi in the conversion of sawdust to mycelial mass. The mycelial growth of F. velutipes on several substrates, variously treated with rice bran was promoted at ratios of 10-20% (w/w) on all substrates, but suppressed at above ratios, although some difference was there. The mycelial densities generally increased correlated to the supplementation contents of rice bran. It could be concluded that F. velutipes preferred mild acidic to acidic conditions for mycelial growth, considering that the mycelial growth rate was highest on waste of pH 6.01, treated with 0.1 % Ca(OH)$_2$ and on populus mixed waste of pH 6.02, non treated. The ranges of substrate bulk densities, which was pertinent for mycelial linear growth were from B.D. (g/cc) 0.17 to 0.23 on waste and populus mixed waste all. The pertinent contents of rice bran supplementation in bottle cultivation was from 20 to 30% on waste and 20% on populus mixed waste, considering the requried duration for pinheading and fruiting yields. Standard bulk density for filling and utilizing the waste and populus mixed waste for commercial f. velutipes cultivation were B.D.(g/cc) 0.19 ~ 0.23, and 0.23~ 0.25, which could be conversed to 510~ 540g/900m1 and 520~ 570g/900m1, respectively, The second flush of F. velutipes was tried and the re-inoculation by sawdust and liquid spawn showed somewhat good results, indicating the potentiality of second crop and suggesting further research for it.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Recent genome annotation revealed that Populus trichocarpa contains 81 glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes. GST genes play important and varying roles in plants, including conferring tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Little information is available on the relationship - if any - between drought/salt stresses and GSTs in woody plants. In this study, we screened the PatgGST genes in hybrid poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus tremula var. glandulosa) that were predicted to confer drought tolerance based on our expression analysis of all members of the poplar GST superfamily following exposure to salt (NaCl) and drought (PEG) stresses, respectively. Exposure to the salt stress resulted in the induction of eight PatgGST genes and down-regulation of one PatgGST gene, and the level of induction/repression was different in leaf and stem tissues. In contrast, 16 PatgGST genes were induced following exposure to the drought (PEG) stress, and two were down-regulated. Taken together, we identified seven PatgGSTs (PatgGSTU15, PatgGSTU18, PatgGSTU22, PatgGSTU27, PatgGSTU46, PatgGSTU51 and PatgGSTU52) as putative drought tolerance genes based on their induction by both salt and drought stresses.