• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1791-1797
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• 2007

A study was conducted with 70 Hanwoo (Korean cattle) for genotyping bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3.2 gene by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence based typing (SBT). Two-step PCR was carried out for amplifying a 284 bp fragment of the target gene and the PCR products were digested with three restriction enzymes namely RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Seventeen alleles were detected with frequencies ranging from 1.43 to 18.57% and one (x'aa) of these alleles was identified as a new allele that has not been reported before. The frequency of the new x'aa allele identified in this breed was 12.86%. In addition, the seven most frequently observed alleles (DRB3.2 *10, *15, *16, *26, *27, *54 and x'aa) accounted for 74.28% of the alleles in this population. The phylogenetic tree showed that the BoLA-DRB3.2 allele sequences of Hanwoo were shared with other Bos taurus breeds and no specific clade for Hanwoo was identified. It indicates high heterogeneity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in this population and may give some ideas for breeding animals having better disease resistance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3477-3482
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• 2014

Objective: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer, whereas its impact on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain a reliable estimate of the risk of CC in IBD patients through a meta-analysis of clinical observational studies. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science Databases up to Dec 2013. Four population-based case-control and two cohort studies with IBD were identified. Summary relative risk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analyses. Results: The pooled risk estimate indicated IBD patients were at increased risk of CC (RR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.47-4.72). Moreover, the increased risk of CC was also associated with Crohn's disease (RR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.59-4.55) and ulcerative colitis (RR = 3.40, 95%CI = 2.50-4.62). In addition, site-specific analyses revealed that IBD patients had an increased risk of intrahepatic CC (ICC) (RR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.72-3.95) and extrahepatic CC (ECC) (RR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.10-1.97). Conclusions: This study suggests the risk of CC is significantly increased among IBD patients, especially in ICC cases. Further studies are warranted to enable definite conclusions to be drawn.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2004

This study examined distributional patterns of Asterias amurensis in Tongyeong, the central South Sea of Korea. The density of the sea star was estimated at 10 chosen sites in the inner and the outer parts of the Tongyeong coast from December 2000. The mean density of the species in this area was $2.4ind./m^{2}$. The seasonal surveys conducted at 3 arbitrary chosen sites (i.e., sea cage, reef and soft sediment) also showed that the abundance of the species at the sea cage site $(density:\;3.6\;ind./m^{2};\;biomass:\;250.7\;gwwt/m^{2})$ was significantly higher than at the reef site $(density:\;1.7\;ind./m^{2};\;biomass:\;63.5\;gwwt/m^{2})$ and the soft sediment site $(density:\;0.4\;ind./m^{2};\;biomass:\;18.9\;gwwt/m^{2})$. Densities were higher at sea cages areas than at reefs and soft bottom sites. At sea cage site, A. amurensis population exhibited a strong aggregated distributional pattern. In contrast, at reef and soft bottom sites, A. amurensis population showed a random distributional pattern. The spatial difference in prey species and its abundance was the primary factor determining the spatial heterogeneity of the sea star in its behavior characteristics. Experiments on the feeding preference indicated that A. amurensis had a strong selectivity on its prey, but this selectivity varied between populations living in different sites. In particular, A. amurensis populations at the reef site showed a strong selectivity on various sessile and mobile animals living in reef areas, suggesting that these animal groups may play a role as "windows for the survival of A. amurensis". These results suggest that the distribution of A. amurensis in Tongyeong is closely associated with abundance of prey species and the bottom composition.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2002

Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been associated with hypertension in various ethnic groups, but no relation between these polymorphisms and hypertension has yet been systematically evaluated. To assess the relationship between allelic variation of RAS genes and hypertension, we performed the case-control studies using genetic markers in Korean normotensives and hypertensives. The allele and genotype frequencies of RAS genes in Korean population were not significantly different between normotensives and hypertensives. To investigate the distribution of allele frequencies among various populations, the data obtained in this study were compared to those in other ethnic groups studied previously. Except for T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, allele frequencies of RAS genes were different among racial groups. The reason for these differences may be due to the difference in various genetic or environmental background or due to the effects by various sample size studied. In addition, it can be emphasized that carefully designed studies are required to minimize the ethnic heterogeneity of the case and control populations.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2002

Essential hypertension is complex disorder influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Alterations of lipid metabolism in plasma have been reported to be related to an increased risk of essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between two SNPs of the human LDL receptor and CETP gene and hypertension in Korean population. There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of two SNPs in normotensives and hypertensives. With respect to Hinc II RFLP in the LDL receptor gene, pooled odds ratio value indicated the significant heterogeneity among populations studied by meta-analysis (Breslow-Day test df = 2, P<0.05). In the case of Bam HI RFLP in the CETP gene,. our study is the first report of an association between the SNP of the CETP gene and hypertension, although our result failed to demonstrate the significant association between the Bam HI RFLP of the CETP gene and hypertension in Korean population. Further work, using larger sample sizes and various ethnic groups, is required to establish the precise role of these two candidate gene polymorphisms on hypertension.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2017

교수자가 학생들의 자율적인 팀 결성의 행동적 특성을 파악하는 것은 교과에서 팀 활동을 효과적으로 지도하기 위해 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 에이전트 기반의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 학생들의 팀 결성 행동 특성을 모사할 수 있는 컴퓨터 모형을 개발하였다. 실험을 통한 검증 결과 개발된 모형은 실제 학생들의 행동적 특성을 모사할 수 있음이 관찰되었다. 학생의 수와 팀원을 찾는 탐색의 범위가 클수록 팀의 결성이 안정화되기까지의 시간이 줄어들며 팀원을 찾지 못한 학생의 비율 또한 줄어들지만 어느 한계를 넘어서면 시간과 비율에 있어 큰 차이가 없음을 발견하였다. 또한 융 복합 교과 등에서 구성원 간의 이질성이 증가한다면 팀 구성 시간과 팀원을 찾지 못한 학생의 비율이 급격히 증가하므로 경우에 따라 교수자가 학생들의 팀 구성에 적절하게 개입하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 개발된 모형을 통해 모의실험 함으로써 학생들의 팀 결성의 성격과 구조를 진단하고 분석할 수 있으므로 개발된 모형은 학생들의 팀 활동을 지원하는 도구로 유용하리라 기대한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of rice genetically modified to be resistant against rice blast and rice bacterial blight on the soil microbial community. A comparative analysis of the effects of rice genetically modified rice choline kinase (OsCK1) gene for disease resistance (GM rice) and the Nakdong parental cultivar (non-GM rice) on the soil microbial community at each stage was conducted using rhizosphere soil of the OsCK1 and Nakdong rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil chemistry at each growth stage and the bacterial and fungal population densities were analyzed. Soil DNA was extracted from the samples, and the microbial community structures of the two soils were analyzed by pyrosequencing. No significant differences were observed in the soil chemistry and microbial population density between the two soils. The taxonomic analysis showed that Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were present in all soils as the major phyla. Although the source tracking analysis per phylogenetic rank revealed that there were differences in the bacteria between the GM and non-GM soil as well as among the cultivation stages, the GM and non-GM soil were grouped according to the growth stages in the UPGMA dendrogram analysis. CONCLUSION: The difference in bacterial distributions between Nakdong and OsCK1 rice soils at each phylogenetic level detected in microbial community analysis by pyrosequencing may be due to the genetic modification done on GM rice or due to heterogeneity of the soil environment. In order to clarify this, it is necessary to analyze changes in root exudates along with the expression of transgene. A more detailed study involving additional multilateral soil analyses is required.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2006

A dermal sarcoma was found in a freshwater, soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. The neoplasm consisted of proliferating fibrous tissue and extended from the dermis. The overlying epidermis was hyperplastic and partially folded. The deeper dermis and hypodermis contained three large, discrete necrotic foci of -10 mm diameter. Numerous eosinophilic granule cells and macro phages surrounded the necrotic areas. A mixed population of cells with nuclear pleomorphism was observed between the papillary layers of vessels. This area also had regions of different histological structures: (l) regularly arranged, spindle-shaped cells with compact nuclei in a fine-fibrillar matrix; (2) haphazardly arranged cells ($\leq$ 23 11m diameter) with ovoid, highly hypertrophic, faintly stained nuclei; and (3) cells (3.6-5.8 11m diameter) with irregularly shaped nuclei and marginal condensed chromatin in a myxomatous matrix. Some mitotic figures, binucleate cells, and multinucleate giant cells of up to 50 11m in length were also found. Flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained cells yielded different histograms for the normal skin and the skin (primarily epidermis) and fibrous dermis of the tumor, indicating DNA heterogeneity in the dermal portion of the tumor. The ploidy indices for the dermal cells were 1.91 and 0.78, as compared to normal cells.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the clinical effects of neurofeedback training on reducing anxiety. Methods: Eight databases were used to extract clinical reports on neurofeedback intervention for anxiety reduction published until 2016. We analyzed the characteristics of selected studies and evaluated biases using the Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment. Results: A total of 22 clinical trials were extracted for the analysis. The risk of bias in most studies was high or unclear. The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3 (CCMD-3) was the most frequently used diagnostic criteria, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) was the most frequently used assessment tool, and the alpha wave activity increase, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), and theta wave training were the most frequently used intervention methods. All papers showed a statistically significant decrease of anxiety symptoms; however, significant adverse events were not reported. Conclusions: Neurofeedback intervention might be beneficial for reducing anxiety. However, the quality of the studies used in the analysis was low, and the heterogeneity of the population and interventions was revealed. Therefore, more scientifically designed clinical studies regarding neurofeedback training are required.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between formation of employment subcenters and regional industrial structures in Incheon. Research design, data, and methodology: We used the five-year panel data from 2012 to 2016 in 146 basic municipal units of Incheon to analyze panel regression models. Gross employment density and employment to population ratio were used as indicators of employment subcenters formation. The entropy index and Hachman index were used for analyzing the diversity and heterogeneity of industrial structures. Result: The analyses of two panel regression models showed that for the formation of employment subcenters, both the Entropy and Hachman index were significantly negative in most models. But tertiary industry was shown to have a significant positive relationship in all models. In the wholesale and retail sector, it was found that the average number of employees in the employment subcenters is significantly higher than that in the non-employment subcenters. Conclusions: The specialization of the industrial structure rather than the diversification contributes to the formation of the employment subcenters in Incheon. In particular, it can be considered that the wholesale and retail sector plays a very important role in forming the employment subcenters in many areas of Incheon.