• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.177-183
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• 1995

Recent work with phosphate esters has shown that a lubricious polymeric film can formed from the vapor phase on interacting during and sliding. This lubrication technique has led to methods to reduce friction and wear to very low values at high temperatures up to 700$^{\circ}$C. Preliminary with synthetic tri aryl phosphates are very promising. The vaporized lubricant forms a polymeric film on the sliding and rolling surfaces reducing the coefficient of friction below 0.05. In-situ formation of the polymeric films shows that the polymer that is formed on the surface exists in different states depending on surface temperature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2002

Abstract - Tribofilms formed on won surface protect the DLC coating surface and decrease the fiction coefficient. However it is very difficult to evaluate their micromechanical properties due to their small thickness, inhomogeneity and discontinuity. The phase contrast images in tapping mode atomic farce microscopy allow an estimation of inhomogeneity in micromechanical properties of the sample surface. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate how the phase contrast images contribute to the characterization of thin tribofilms.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.53-57
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• 1995

The contact pressure behavior is examined by means of a finite element analysis. The oil film between the piston ring and cylinder liner is analyzed on the basis that it behaves like a polymer material. The calculated results indicate that a shape of sloping edge with a straight line, which is designated as a Model III, shows a good performance on the contact pressure behavior for the increased speed. Obviously, the ring face profiles play an important role on the contact pressure between compression ring and oil film.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

The sealing performance of O-rings is affected by working conditions such as applied pressure, operation temperature, pre-compressed ratio and material properties. In this paper, a pressurized and compressed elastomeric bi-polymer O-ring in which is inserted into a rectangular groove is analyzed by non-linear MARC finite element program based on the Taguchi experimental method. O-rings with 9 different profile models are analyzed for design parameters that are related to the diameter ratio between outer diameter and inner one of bi-polymer O-ring, compressive ratio, groove angle and groove depth. The calculated FEM results showed that the affection ratio of design parameter dlD, which may control sealing pressure of O-rings, is the most influential parameter among the groove angle, groove depth and compression ratio.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2009

Extruders can be basically divided into bisk and screw type of extruders. Though plastic extruders are often used for its simplicity for water and oil transportation pumps, these days screw extruders are mostly used. Screws are used in many extrusion processes to manufacture complex and complicated shaped parts made of plastics, medicine materials, food, polymer composites, iron and ceramic powders, etc. Also, material correction of deformities is caused by flow and physicochemical reaction phenomenonand material extrusion is processed according to heat transfer. various material comes to hopper because extruder has function by blender and mixing of materials can go well before come out through dice. These change process is so complicated that process condition is decided by trial and error that process condition is underground mainly at extrusion molding process.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1989

The friction and wear behavior of molybdenum disulfide filled polymer composites sliding against metal has been investigated using pin-on-disc machine and microscope. The observed wear rates were reduced by the addition of MoS$_2$ to nylon and this can be attributed to the homogenous transfer of MoS$_2$ to the counteddace thereby modifying sliding conditions. The friction of filled and unfilled nylon was increased with increasing sliding speed, and the catastropic wear rate was occurred at high normal load. This have been explained by thermal degradation. In the case of HDPE, however, the wear rate was not always reduced by the addition of MoS$_2$ and the influence of MoS$_2$ was mainly even the opposite. Filled and unfilled HDPE had lower values of friction and wear rate than those of nylon. Micrographs appeared that the delamination of the worn surface in nylon/MoS$_2$ composite occurred and revealed that the worn surface of HDPE presented a number of characteristic features as wear grooves, pulls, and smears and crescents.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.255-260
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• 2022

This research presents tetrahedral amorphous (ta-C) coating on the artificial tooth for improving the durability and functionality (esthtics, foreign body of tooth) by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA). A differentiated coating method is required for a ta-C coating on polymer owing to the low melting point of the polymer, inter-facial adhesion, low friction, and non-conductivity. Herein, ta-C coating is applied below 50℃, and the potential difference of the carbon plasma drawn to the substrate was controlled by applying a positive duct bias voltage without using a substrate bias voltage. Consequently, the ta-C coating with a thickness of 70nm using the duct bias condition of 20V with the highest plasma intensity satisfies the esthetics of the artificial tooth and had a 5B level of inter-facial adhesion. In addition, the composite hardness of ta-C/polymer is 380 MPa, and correlations with esthetics, sp³ bonding, and mechanical properties. The friction coefficient (CoF) of the ta-C coating in a water-lubricated environment is 0.07, showing a six-fold reduction in CoF compared with that of a polymer.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2019

In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the stress induced by the volume change of an electrode during charge-discharge processes may often cause the mechanical integrity of the electrode to degrade. Polymer binders with enhanced mechanical properties are preferred for improved mechanical integrity and cycling stability of the electrode. In addition, given that sliding and shearing between the polymer binder and components in the electrode may readily occur, frictional and adhesion characteristics of the polymer binder may play a critical role in the mechanical integrity of the electrode. In this study, frictional and adhesion characteristics of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were investigated using a colloidal probe atomic force microscope. Friction loops were obtained under various normal forces ranging from 0 to 159 nN in air and electrolyte and then the interfacial shear strengths of PAN and PVDF in air were calculated to be $1.4{\pm}0.5$ and $1.3{\pm}0.3MPa$, respectively. The results show that in electrolyte, interfacial shear strength of PAN decreased slightly ($1.2{\pm}0.2MPa$), whereas that of PVDF decreased drastically ($0.06{\pm}0.01MPa$). Decreases in mechanical properties and adhesion in electrolyte may be responsible for the decrease in interfacial shear strength in electrolyte. The findings from this study may be helpful in developing polymer binders to improve the mechanical integrity of electrodes in LIBs.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.650-655
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• 2014

The degradation characteristics of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) derivatives currently being used as computer hard disk lubricants have been investigated. Especially, we considered the effects of end group on degradation behavior of PFPE derivatives. It was found that the degradation of PFPE derivatives in the presence of $Al_2O_3$ involves two degradation mechanisms such as thermal degradation and Lewis acid disproportionation by $AlF_3$ which was mainly formed by oxide-to-halide reaction between $Al_2O_3$ and the degraded PFPE. The end groups were strongly related to Lewis acid disproportionation of PFPE derivatives, and it is due to the difference of electron donating ability in the each end groups. Even if PFPE derivatives have same repeating unit in the main chain, Lewis acid disproportionation was prohibited by higher electron donating ability by the end group which caused the high electron density at the acetal group in the repeating unit.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2012

To product multi-grade oil like engine oil, a sort of mineral base oil is mixed with a fundamental additive liquid package and a polymer liquid as viscosity index improver in order to improve the lubricating property of oil. That is, engine oil is the mixture of more than two fluids. In this paper, it will be systematically organized the governing equation describing non-Newtonian thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication related with the mixture of incompressible fluids based on the principle of continuum mechanics. Then, in order to find how the thermal analysis effect on the bearing performance lubricated with the mixture of multi-fluids, it will be compared to the performances between the mixture of each liquid to be blended and multi-grade engine oil as a single fluid in a high speed journal bearing. It is found that, in the case of lower viscosity oil, the difference of pressure distribution between the above two cases turns out to be existed, even if the load capacity is same level.