• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

Background Partial or complete necrosis of a skin flap is a common problem. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) can be extracted from trout sperm and used as a tissue repair agent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PDRN could improve the survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats. Methods Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the PDRN treatment group (n=11) and the control group (n=11). Caudally pedicled random pattern skin flaps were elevated on their dorsal skin and resutured. The treatment group received daily intraperitoneal administration of PDRN (8 mg/kg/day), and the control group received fluid vehicle (NaCl 0.9%, 8 mg/kg/day) from day 0 to day 6. On day 7, the flap survival was evaluated and the harvested tissue surrounding the demarcation line of the necrotic area was stained with H&E, anti-rat vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) antibody, and PECAM-1/CD31 antibody. Results The average necrotic area of the flap in the PDRN group was significantly smaller when compared with that of the control group. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed that granulation thickness score and VEGF-positive staining cells were marked higher in the PDRN group than in the control group. PECAM-1/CD31-positive microvascular densities were significantly higher in the PDRN group when compared with the control group. Conclusions This study confirms that PDRN improves the survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats. These results may represent a new therapeutic approach to enhancing flap viability and achieving faster wound repair.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effects of simultaneous soft and hard tissue augmentation and the addition of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on regenerative outcomes. Materials and Methods: In five mongrel dogs, chronic ridge defects were established in both mandibles. Six implants were placed in the mandible, producing buccal dehiscence defects. The implants were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: 1) control: no treatment; 2) GBR: guided bone regeneration (GBR) only; 3) GBR/PDRN: GBR+PDRN application to bone substitute particles; 4) GBR/CTG: GBR+connective tissue grafting (CTG); 5) GBR/VCMX: GBR+soft tissue augmentation using volume stable collagen matrix (VCMX); and 6) group GBR/VCMX/PDRN: GBR+VCMX soaked with PDRN. The healing abutments were connected to the implants to provide additional room for tissue regeneration. Submerged healing was achieved. The animals were euthanized after four months. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were then performed. Results: Healing abutments were gradually exposed during the healing period. Histologically, minimal new bone formation was observed in the dehiscence defects. No specific differences were found between the groups regarding collagen fiber orientation and density in the augmented area. No traces of CTG or VCMX were detected. Histomorphometrically, the mean tissue thickness was greater in the control group than in the other groups above the implant shoulder (IS). Below the IS level, the CTG and PDRN groups exhibited more favorable tissue thickness than the other groups. Conclusion: Failure of submerged healing after tissue augmentation deteriorated the tissue contour. PDRN appears to have a positive effect on soft tissues.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.417-428
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• 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) with polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) for gingival phenotype modification compared to autogenous connective tissue graft. Methods: Five mongrel dogs were used in this study. Box-type gingival defects were surgically created bilaterally on the maxillary canines 8 weeks before gingival augmentation. A coronally positioned flap was performed with either a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) or XCM with PDRN (2.0 mg/mL). The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Intraoral scanning was performed for soft tissue analysis, and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: One animal exhibited wound dehiscence, leaving 4 for analysis. Superimposition of STL files revealed no significant difference in the amount of gingival thickness increase (ranging from 0.69±0.25 mm to 0.80±0.31 mm in group SCTG and from 0.48±0.25 mm to 0.85±0.44 mm in group PDRN; P>0.05). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant differences between the groups in supracrestal gingival tissue height, keratinized tissue height, tissue thickness, and rete peg density (P>0.05). Conclusions: XCM soaked with PDRN yielded comparable gingival augmentation to SCTG.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of epidural polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS). Methods: This study was conducted in two stages, using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups. In the first stage, the groups were as follows: vehicle (V), sham (S), and epidural PDRN at 5 (P5), 8 (P8), and 10 (P10) mg/kg; and in the second stage, they were as follows: intraperitoneal PDRN 8 mg/kg, epidural 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargilxanthine (DMPX) (0.1 mg/kg), and DMPX (0.1 mg/kg). The LFS model was established, except for the S group. After an epidural injection of the test solutions, von Frey and treadmill tests were conducted for 3 weeks. Subsequently, histopathologic examinations were conducted in the V, S, P5, and P10 groups. Results: A total of 65 rats were included. The P8 and P10 groups showed significant recovery from mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction at all time points after drug administration compared to the V group. These effects were abolished by concomitant administration of DMPX. On histopathological examination, no epineurial inflammation or fibrosis was observed in the epidural PDRN groups. Conclusions: Epidural injection of PDRN significantly improves mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction in a rat model of LFS, which is mediated by the spinal adenosine A_2A receptor. The present data support the need for further research to determine the role of epidural PDRN in spinal stenosis treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.554-558
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• 2017

In many cases of complete ear amputation, microvascular surgery is required for tissue perfusion and organ survival. However, microvascular reconstruction is not always feasible in the absence of suitable vessels. Here, we present the case of a 76-year-old man who underwent complete amputation of the left ear after a collapse at home because of cardiogenic syncope. He was treated with primary replantation and underwent a postoperative salvage course including continuous local hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injections. The ear was almost completely salvaged, with a tiny eschar at the mid-scapha on both the anterior and posterior aspects. This case demonstrates the efficacy of local HBOT with PRP and PDRN injections.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2017

Background Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is known to have anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects and to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PDRN could improve peripheral tissue oxygenation and angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers. Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Twenty patients with a non-healing diabetic foot ulcer were randomly distributed into a control group (n=10) and a PDRN group (n=10). Initial surgical debridement and secondary surgical procedures such as a split-thickness skin graft, primary closure, or local flap were performed. Between the initial surgical debridement and secondary surgical procedures, 0.9% normal saline (3 mL) or PDRN was injected for 2 weeks by the intramuscular (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, 5 days per week) and perilesional routes (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, 2 days per week). Transcutaneous oxygen tension ($TcPO_2$) was evaluated using the Periflux System 5000 with $TcPO_2/CO_2$ unit 5040 before the injections and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the start of the injections. A pathologic review (hematoxylin and eosin stain) of the debrided specimens was conducted by a pathologist, and vessel density (average number of vessels per visual field) was calculated. Results Compared with the control group, the PDRN-treated group showed improvements in peripheral tissue oxygenation on day 7 (P<0.01), day 14 (P<0.001), and day 28 (P<0.001). The pathologic review of the specimens from the PDRN group showed increased angiogenesis and improved inflammation compared with the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the PDRN group in terms of vessel density (P=0.094). Complete healing was achieved in every patient. Conclusions In this study, PDRN improved peripheral tissue oxygenation. Moreover, PDRN is thought to be effective in improving inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2021

Background: Extensor muscle strengthening exercises with counterforce braces (EX) is a conventional conservative treatment for lateral epicondylitis (LE) of the elbow. In addition, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) or extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been recently used for LE. Methods: Sixty-three patients with chronic LE participated in this study and randomly allocated in three groups (G1: EX, G2: EX+PDRN injection, and G3: EX+ESWT). All of the three groups were taught to perform EX at the first out-patient department (OPD) visit. Group 2 was injected with 3 mL PDRN (5.625 mg/3 mL), while group 3 received ESWT at the first OPD visit. Visual analog scale pain score, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and ultrasonographic examination were checked before, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the treatments. Results: Overall functional scores and ultrasonographic findings in all three groups improved after treatment. The mean MEPS in group 2 improved more than groups 1 and 3 at 6 weeks (G1, 56.9>62.4; G2, 54.3>65.0; G3, 55.7>62.6), and more than group 1 at 12 weeks (G1, 56.9>67.9; G2, 54.3>73.6). The mean common extensor tendon depth (CETD) on ultrasonography in group 2 increased more than groups 1 and 3 at 6 and 12 weeks (6 weeks: G1, 0.385>0.386; G2, 0.332>0.392; G3, 0.334>0.357; 12 weeks: G1, 0.385>0.409; G2, 0.332>0.438; G3, 0.334>0.405 [cm]). Conclusions: PDRN injections combined with EX exhibited a greater improvement in mean MEPS and mean CETD compared to EX only or EX combined with ESWT for LE within the 12 weeks follow-up.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on histologic outcomes when implant placement and lateral sinus floor elevation are performed simultaneously. Methods: Three bimaxillary premolars (P2, P3, and P4) were extracted from 4 beagle dogs 2 months before lateral sinus floor elevation. After lateral elevation of the sinus membrane, each sinus was allocated to either the test or control group. Sinuses underwent either 1) collagenated synthetic bone graft with PDRN following lateral sinus floor elevation (test group) or 2) collagenated synthetic bone graft without PDRN after lateral sinus floor elevation (control group). Eight weeks after the surgical procedure, all animals were euthanised for a histologic and histomorphometric assessment. Augmented height (AH), protruding height (PH), and bone-to-implant contact in pristine (BIC_p) and augmented (BIC_a) bone were measured. The composition of the augmented area, which was divided into 3 areas of interest located in coronal, middle and apical areas (AOI_C, AOI_M, and AOI_A), was calculated with 3 parameters: the area percentage of new bone (pNB), residual bone graft particle (pRBP), and fibrovascular connective tissue (pFVT). Results: AH, PH, BIC_p, BIC_a total, BIC_a coronal, and BIC_a middle values were not significantly different between sinuses in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). The BIC_a apical of sinuses in the test group (76.7%±9.3%) showed statistically higher values than those of sinuses in the control group (55.6%±22.1%) (P=0.038). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in AOI_A (P=0.038, P=0.028, and P=0.007, respectively). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT in AOI_C and AOI_M were not significantly different between samples in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The histologic findings revealed that lateral sinus floor elevation with PDRN might improve early new bone formation and enable higher bone-to-implant contact.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 피부재생 화장품 소재로 활용하고자 저분자화 시킨 Polydeoxynucleotide (PDRN)의 창상 치유 효과를 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 연어 정소 유래 PDRN 단백질 제거공정, 내독소 제거공정을 거쳐 순수분리 정제하였고 분자량 저감공정을 거쳐 기존 PDRN 보다 피부 침투율을 높인 고순도 PDRN을 제조하였다. 상처 치료 과정 중 PDRN 처리에 의한 효능을 평가하기 위해 sprague-dawley rats (SD)의 배부에 bioxy punch를 이용한 4개의 창상을 유발하고, 시료를 포함한 총 5종의 실험시료를 마리당 $500{\mu}L$씩 도포한 후 7일 간격으로 4주간 피부조직 변화를 관찰하였다. 상처에 PDRN을 도포한 후, 절개된 상처의 표피화와 수축이 더 빨라졌고, 창상면적에 있어서 PDRN의 도포는 양성대조군인 $Fucidin^{(R)}$ 도포군과 비교하여 유의하게 줄어들었다. 염색한 조직의 현미경 관찰 결과에서는 양성대조군이 가장 빠르게 재상피화가 이루어졌으며, 그 다음으로는 PH군, PD군, HA군으로 교원질 재합성 및 형성 수준을 보였다. 또한, 병변의 형질전환성장인자($TGF-{\beta}$) 및 혈관 내피성장인자(VEGF) 등의 성장인자에서도 염색 조직의 결과와 유사하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼때, 저분자화된 PDRN은 창상에 치료효과가 있다고 판단되며, 화장품 및 의료산업 분야의 기능성 소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단되어 진다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

음주 후 숙취는 사람에 따라 증상과 정도가 상이 하지만 일반적으로 갈증, 피로감, 두통, 전신권태, 위장장애, 구토, 설사, 비타민 결핍 등이 나타난다. 이러한 숙취현상은 간세포와 체내에 축적된 알코올 및 알코올에 함유되어 있는 발효 부산물인 에틸아세테이트, 아세트알데히드 등의 전구물질들의 작용에 의해 발생한다. 이에 숙취현상을 해소하기 위한 연구로 연어 추출물 중 정액 또는 정소 추출물인 핵산-당-인산으로 이루어진 고분자이며 다당체인 Polydeoxyribonucleotide(PDRN)과 동일한 Origin, 동일 구조를 가지며 PDRN에 비해 가격이 저렴한 수용성 연어 추출물 분말을 사용하였다. 그리고 D-Glucuronic acid와 N-Acetyl glucosamine으로 구성된 고분자 다당체로 뛰어난 생체 적합성, 점탄성 및 보습력을 보유하고 있어서 숙취현상 중 나타나는 생체수분 감소량 및 피부수분 함유량저하에 대한 부분에 효과가 있어 항산화 및 피부보습효과를 제공하는 히알루론산(Hyaluronic acid)을 감마선으로 조사하여 사용하였다. 연어추출물 분말과 히알루론산 등을 이용하여 조성물을 제조한 후 체내 에탄올, 아세트알데히드 감소량, 혈중 아세트알데히드 농도와 초산 농도를 측정하여 알코올 분해효과를 평가하였고, 피부 수분 증발량과 피부 수분량을 조사하여 피부개선을 평가하고 항산화 및 피부보습효과를 제공하는지 여부를 판단하였다. 이에 에탄올은 연어추출물을 첨가하였을 때가 무첨가에 비해 5배에서 7배의 감소량을 보였고 아세트알데히드 3배에서 5배 이상의 감소량을 보였다. 또한 혈중 아세트알데히드 농도와 초산 농도의 변화에서는 무첨가 대조군에 비해 급격한 저하 변화를 보여 알코올 분해효과가 있음을 확인하여 숙취해소 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 히알루론산 원료를 첨가하여 사용하였을 때 피부 수분함유량이 높았으며, 피부 수분 증발량이 감소됨이 확인되었다. 이에 고분자 다당체인 히알루론산은 뛰어난 점탄성 및 보습력을 보유하고 있어서 숙취현상 중 나타나는 생체수분 감소량 및 피부수분 함유량저하에 효과가 있어 항산화 및 피부보습효과를 제공하는 것으로 사료되어 연어추출물 분말과 히알루론산을 주원료로 하는 조성물이 음주 후 나타나는 숙취현상에 효과가 있다고 할 수 있다.