• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.873-887
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• 2010

Yuan Shi Kai, the first President of the Republic of China, established a ceremonial uniform system based on ancient styles in 1914 just before the national polity was changed to the Empire of China in 1915. This system is Jisiguanfuzhi (a system on costumes for memorial services), and figures included in the system are Jisiguanfutu (figures showing costumes for memorial services). This study is the first to examine Jisiguanfuzhi and Jisiguanfutu and to approach the background idea of the establishment of the system with a focus on the meaning of 'unity.' Jisiguanfuzhi regulates the ceremonial uniform system of all classes from the President along with the 1st-class to the 5th-class people. The uniform consists of a crown, robe, belt, the mid-section cloth, and boots. In addition, the uniforms of ritual musicians and dancers are included. The basic principles in establishing the system were the restoration of ancient systems, the adoption of convenience, the acceptance of current practices, and the implication of symbolism. Jisiguanfuzhi clarifies that the pattern of the ceremonial uniforms was modeled on Juebianfu, for religious services. The reason for choosing Juebianfu for religious services was to achieve 'unity' and Juebianfu was associated with 'unity' because it was common to all, from the emperor to the gentlemen class, in ancient times. Yuan Shi Kai tried to show flexibility to the gentlemen class who represented the intellectuals at that time by adopting Juebianfu for religious services, fearing that the gentlemen class might oppose the attempt to restore the imperial system. Therefore, although Jisiguanfuzhi adopted mostly Mianfu and royal sacrificial robes, it also emphasized 'unity' by professing that the uniforms were based on Juebianfu for religious services.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.811-820
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the practices for management manual development of Good Restaurants in order to apply Green Safety Management technology. A total of 128 restaurants in Seoul according to restaurant size and style were analyzed by SPSS (window ver. 12.0). Exactly 38.3% of those surveyed purchased manicured vegetables and seafood that generates less garbage; Korean restaurants displayed the lowest frequency of purchasing preprocessed foodstuff, and Japanese restaurants had the most refrigerators and thermometers and kept the refrigeration temperature the lowest. Exactly 56.5% of the restaurants sold large and small amounts of main menu separately; Chinese restaurants displayed the highest rate while Western restaurants displayed the lowest. Furthermore, only 7.3% of the restaurants were willing to sell either large or small amounts of the same menu item. Japanese style menu had the most number of side dishes (6.1) while Western style menu had the lowest (1.8). Most of the restaurants were equipped with containers for leftovers (87.4%), but the rate of customers who took out leftovers significantly differed depending on the style of restaurant (p<0.05).

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

본 연구는 굿 거버넌스 논의에 기반한 원조의 영향에 대한 경험적 분석을 통해 전통공여국 OECD DAC 원조와 수원국 부패 간 관계를 분석한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 2000년부터 2014년까지 OECD DAC 원조 데이터, 부패인식 지수, 세계은행 데이터, 민주주의 지수를 중심으로 고정효과모형과 PCSE 모형을 사용하였다. 통계 분석을 시행한 결과 OECD DAC의 원조가 아프리카 수원국의 부패에 부정적 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였다. DAC의 원조는 아프리카 국가들의 부패 정도를 심화시키는 영향을 주며, 특히 민주주의가 발전한 국가에서 그 영향의 정도가 커짐을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 OECD DAC의 굿 거버넌스 중심의 원조와 수원국 부패 간 관계에 대해 보다 종합적인 후속 연구가 필요하다는 점과 함께, 지역적 특수성을 고려하였을 때에는 일반적으로 인식하고 있는 민주주의 제도 발전의 긍정적 효과가 오히려 역전되어 나타날 수 있다는 점을 제기한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.3858-3869
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• 2015

산업사회에 있어 시대의 화두는 창업인바 창업의 활성화는 새로운 직업을 창출함으로써 고용극대화와 경제전반에 걸친 활성화에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며 그 유인책중 하나가 창업보육시스템이고 그 중심에 창업보육센터가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 창업보육센터 지원서비스의 질적 수준 도움정도가 만족도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석함으로써 창업보육센터의 효율적 운영방향과 정책방향을 수립하는데 기여하고 하나의 논의의 단초를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 바탕으로 설문지를 개발하고 총500부의 유효 표본을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과 창업보육센터가 입주기업이나 창업 준비자에게 제공하는 서비스 중 질적 수준과 도움정도는 센터 및 지원서비스에 대한 만족도에 유의한 영향을 주었으며 매니저의 역량과 관련기술특성은 만족도에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.179-202
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국노동패널 1-12차 자료를 활용하여 과외금지정책이 계급이동에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 사교육금지정책은-사교육비를 집중적으로 지출하고 교육정보가 집중된 중상층 이상에서 사교육 효과가 상대적으로 더 클 가능성으로 인해-사회이동성을 제고할 수 있다는 것이 본 연구의 기본 가설이다. 오즈비와 이중차분방법을 이용한 본 연구의 분석결과, 사교육을 금지한 과외금지 세대가 그 이전 세대에 비해 세대간 계급 이동이 더 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 중학교 평준화의 중첩된 효과를 통제한 후에도 과외금지세대가 다른 세대에 비해 세대 간 이동이 더 높았다. 다만, 과외금지 해제 이후 세대의 세대간 이동을 과외금지세대와 비교하기에는 자료에 한계가 존재한다는 점에서 추후 추가적인 분석이 요구된다. 한편 계급이동은 단순히 하나의 정책이 영향을 미쳤다기보다는 중학교 평준화 정책, 과외금지, 고등학교 평준화 정책 등이 종합적으로 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 판단된다. 인적자본축척 효과의 장기성을 감안할 때 교육정책의 기간과 지속성이 매우 중요하다는 것이 이들 정책의 영향에서 확인된다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.277-296
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• 2023

The South Korean ethnic diaspora US lobby shows efficacy as an interest group in generating influence in American foreign and domestic public policy making. The persuasive portrayal of South Korea as a critical Cold War US ally reinforced US amenability to pro-South Korea lobbying. Also, the South Korean US diaspora is a comparatively recent immigrant group, thus its lingering resistance to assimilation facilitates its political mobilization to lobby the US government. One source of this influence includes the foundational legacy of proselytizing Western and particularly American religious social movement representatives in Korean religiosity and society. US protestant Christianity acquired a strong public association with emerging Korean nationalism in response to Japanese imperialism and occupation. Hostility towards Japanese colonialism followed by the threat from Soviet-sponsored, North Korean Communism meant Christianity did not readily become a cultural symbol of excessive external, US interference in South Korean society by South Korean public opinion. The post-Cold War shift in US foreign policy towards targeting so-called rogue state vestiges of the Cold War including North Korea enhanced further South Korea's influence in Washington. Due to essential differences in the perceived historical role of American influence, extrapolation of the South Korean development model is problematic. US hegemony in South Korea indicates that perceived alliance with national self-determination constitutes the core of soft power appeal. Civilizational appeal per se in the form of religious beliefs are not critically significant in promoting American polity influence in target polities in South Korea or, comparatively, in the Middle East. The United States is a perceived opponent of pan-Arab nationalism which has trended towards populist Islamic religious symbolism with the failure of secular nationalism. The pronounced component of evangelical Christianity in American core community nationalism which the Trump campaign exploited is a reflection of this orientation in the US.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제32권11_12호
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• pp.541-556
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• 2005

컴퓨터 시스템에서의 메모리 접근 지연은 전체 시스템 성능에 큰 장애 요인 중 하나이다. 특히 분산 메모리 구조에서 지역 메모리와 원격 메모리의 접근 지연 시간은 큰 차이를 나타낸다. 원격 메모리 접근 지연으로 인한 성능 저하를 줄이고자 원격 메모리 영역만을 캐싱하는 원격 캐쉬가 제안되었으며, 원격 캐쉬는 프로세서 캐쉬와 더불어 다단계 캐쉬 형태로 구성된다. 일반적으로 상위 계층 캐쉬의 모든 내용을 하위 계층 캐쉬가 반드시 포함하는 다단계 캐쉬 내포성(MLI)을 지키는 다중 계층 메모리 구조에서 LRU 교체 정책을 사용할 경우, 하위 계층 캐쉬의 LRU 알고리즘에 따른 라인 교체로 인하여 상위 계층 캐쉬의 라인 교체가 일어날 패, 상위 계층 캐쉬로 요구된 라인 교체가 상위 계층 캐쉬 자체의 LRU 정보와 일치하지 않는 경우가 발생하며, 이로 인해 상위 캐쉬의 적중률이 저하되어 전체 시스템 성능이 저하된다. 본 논문은 원격 캐쉬를 추가시킨 분산 공유 메모리 구조 다중 프로세서 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 LRU 캐쉬 교체 정책의 단점을 보완한 새로운 원격 캐쉬 교체 정책을 제안한다. 논문에서 제안하는 교체 정책은 LRU 정보에 부가하여 프로세서의 시간적 접근 지역성을 이용하여 교체할 캐쉰 라인을 선택하게 함으로써, 프로세서에서 자주 사용되는 원격 캐쉬 라인의 교체가 일어나지 않도록 하여 시스템의 성능 향상을 꾀한다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 성능비교 결과, 본 논문에서 제시한 원격 캐쉬 교체 정책은 기존의 LRU 교체 정책과 비교하여 평균 $3\%$, 최대 $10\%$의 무효화 및 캐쉬 접근 실패를 감소시켰고, 이 결과 전체 시스템의 성능은 평균 $2.5\%$, 최대 $3.5\%$ 향상되었다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.37-64
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• 2018

본 연구는 빅데이터 분석을 통해 한국사회의 미래를 예견해보고자 한 것이다. 이러한 목적을 위해 일차적으로 국내 127개 주요 언론사의 뉴스기사(매체지) 및 사회과학 우수학술지 논문초록(학술지) DB에서 '미래사회' 관련 텍스트를 선정한 후, 해당 기사의 제목 및 논문 키워드로부터 주제어를 추출하였다. 추출한 핵심 주제어의 출현 빈도, 연도별 추세 및 주제어/연관어 연결망구조에 의거해 한국사회의 미래적 관심사를 탐지한 결과, 매체지의 미래 관심사는 '경제', '정치', '과학기술', 학술지의 그것은 '심리', '직무', '문화' 관련 사항들이 주축을 이루고 있음이 확인되었다. 여기에 $J{\ddot{u}}rgen$ Habermas의 '체계와 생활세계(system and life-world)' 개념틀을 적용하면, 매체지와 학술지의 미래 관심은 각기 '체계' 및 '생활세계' 범주에 집중되어 있다는 결론에 이르게 된다. 이 같은 미래 관심사의 분화 양상에 착안해 사회적 도전 과제들을 상이한 여건이나 가치들 간의 불일치의 소산으로 인식하는 '부조화론(mismatch theory)'을 미래연구를 위한 대안적 패러다임으로 제시함으로써, 절대적 혹은 상대적 빈곤 문제에 천착해 온 미래사회의 인식 수준을 한 단계 높이고자 한다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2010

In the 1640's and 1650's, Milton wrote many prose works on a variety of topics such as education, church polity, divorce, censorship, regicide, tithing, civil liberty, and blindness. Much of his prose shows us turbulent decades of English history. In this period, he also published his first collection of poems and wrote sonnets. He wrote 23 sonnets in his life, and many sonnets Milton wrote after he had become Latin secretary are occasional poems in historical time. Milton's sonnets, as Annabel Patterson says, are a marker in his personal development, in his life, in his career as a writer, and in the history of his time. Four sonnets (15, 16, 17, 23), written between 1648 and 1655, were not published in the collected edition of Milton's poem in 1673. These sonnets, addressed to leaders of the Parliamentary party during the English revolution, Thomas Fairfax, Oliver Cromwell, and Henry Vane, and to his friend Cyriack Skinner, have been known as "commonwealth" sonnets. They are also called as "heroic sonnets" because they have the common style and theme with his later heroic epic poems. These sonnets were finally published in 1694 by Milton's nephew John Phillips. Milton was interested in religious, domestic, and political liberty for his lifetime, and his heroic sonnets also deal with these ideas of liberty. Milton asks civil liberty from Fairfax, freedom in religion from Cromwell, and from Vane for the reconciliation of both. The aim of this article is to examine how the rhetorical strategies of his "left-handed" prose interact with those of his "right-handed" poetry. This paper explores the relationship between Milton's heroic sonnets and his prose works, such as The Second Defense of the People of England, A Treatise of Civil Power, and The Likeliest Means to Remove Hirelings. Milton deals with the critical issues of religious tolerance, the separation of church and state, liberty of conscience and defense of his blindness, and attempts to define the statesman's role in peacetime England in these heroic sonnets and prose works.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제10권
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• pp.41-61
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• 2008

The outline and characteristics of the important doctors of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai'(折衷派) are as follows. Part 1. In the late Edo(江戶) period The 'Zhe Zhong Pai', which tried to take the theory and clinical treatment of the 'Hou Shi Pai (後世派)' and the 'Gu Fang Pai(古方派)' and get their strong points to make treatments perfect, appeared. Their point was 'The main part is the art of the ancients, The latter prescriptions are to be used'(以古法爲主, 後世方爲用) and the "Shang Han Lun(傷寒論)" was revered for its treatments but in actual use it was not kept at that. As mentioned above The 'Zhe Zhong Pai' viewed treatments as the base, which was the view of most doctors in the Edo period. However, the reason the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' is not valued as much as the 'Gu Fang Pai' by medical history books in Japan is because the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' does not have the substantiation or uniqueness of the 'Gu Fang Pai', and also because the view of 'gather as well as store up'(兼收並蓄) was the same as the 'Kao Zheng Pai'. Moreover, the 'compromise'(折衷) point of view was from taking in both Chinese and western medical knowledge systems(漢蘭折衷). Generally the pioneer of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' is seen as Mochizuki Rokumon(望月鹿門) and after that was Fukui Futei(福井楓亭), Wadato Kaku(和田東郭), Yamada Seichin(山田正珍) and Taki Motohiro(多紀元簡). Part 2. The lives of Wada Tokaku(和田東郭), Nakagame Kinkei(中神琴溪), Nei Teng Xi Zhe(內藤希哲), the important doctors of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', are as follows. First Wada Tokaku(和田東郭, 1743-1803) was born when the 'Hou Shi Pai' was already declining and the 'Gu Fang Pai' was flourishing and learned medicine from a 'Hou Shi Pai' doctor, Hu Tian Xu Shan(戶田旭山) and a 'Gu Fang Pai' doctor, Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞). He was not hindered by 'the old ways(古方)' and did not lean towards 'the new ways(後世方)' and formed a way of compromise that 'looked at hardness and softness as the same'(剛柔相摩) by setting 'the cure of the disease' as the base, and said that to cure diseases 'the old way' must be used, but 'the new way' was necessary to supplement its shortcomings. His works include "Dao Shui Suo Yan(導水瑣言)", "Jiao Chiang Fang Yi Je(蕉窗方意解)" and "Yi Xue Sho(醫學說)". Second. Nakagame Kinkei(中神琴溪, 1744-1833) was famous for leaving Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞) and changing to the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', and in his early years used qing fen(輕粉) to cure geisha(妓女) of syphilis. His argument was "the "Shang Han Lun" must be revered but needs to be adapted", "Zhong Jing can be made into a follower but I cannot become his follower", "the later medical texts such as "Ru Men Shi Qin(儒門事親)" should only be used for its prescriptions and not its theories". His works include "Shang Han Lun Yue Yan(傷寒論約言)". Third, Nei Teng Xi Zhe(內藤希哲, 1701-1735) learned medicine from Qing Shui Xian Sheng(淸水先生) and went out to Edo. In his book "Yi Jing Jie Huo Lun(醫經解惑論)" he tells of how he went from 'learning'(學) to 'skepticism'(惑) and how skepticism made him learn in 'the six skepticisms'(六惑). In the latter years Xi Zhe(希哲) combines the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(神農本草經)", the main text for herbal medicine, "Ming Tang Jing(明堂經)" of accupuncture, basic theory texts "Huang Dui Nei Jing(皇帝內經)" and "Nan Jing(難經)" with the "Shang Han Za Bing Lun", a book that the 'Gu Fang Pai' saw as opposing to the rest, and became 'an expert of five scriptures'(五經一貫). Part 3. Asada Showhaku(淺田宗伯, 1815-1894) started medicine at Zhong Cun Zhong Zong(中村中倧) and learned 'the old way'(古方) from Yoshimasu Todo and got experience through Ouan Yue(川越) and Fu Jing(福井) and received teachings in texts, history and Wang Yangmin's principles(陽明學) fmm famous teachers. Showhaku(倧伯) meets a medical official of the makufu(幕府), Ben Kang Zong Yuan(本康宗圓), and receives help from the 3 great doctors of the Edo period, Taki Motokato(多紀元堅), Xiao Dao Xue Gu(小島學古) and Xi Duo Cun Kao(喜多村栲窻) and further develops his arts. At 47 he diagnoses the general Jia Mao(家茂) with 'heart failure from beriberi'(脚氣衡心) and becomes a Zheng Shi(徵土), at 51 he cures a minister from France and received a present from Napoleon, at 65 he becomes the court physician and saves Ming Gong(明宮) Jia Ren Qn Wang(嘉仁親王, later the 大正天皇) from bodily convulsions and becomes 'the vassal of merit who saved the national polity(國體)' At the 7th year of the Meiji(明治) he becomes the 2nd owner of Wen Zhi She(溫知社) and takes part in the 'kampo continuation movement'. In his latter years he saw 14000 patients a year, so we can estimate the qualjty and quantity of his clinical skills. Showhaku(宗伯) wrote over 80 books including the "Ju Chuang Shu Ying(橘窻書影)", "Wu Wu Yao Shi Fang Han(勿誤藥室方函)", "Shang Han Biang Shu(傷寒辨術)", "Jing Qi Shen Lun(精氣神論)", "Hunag Guo Ming Yi Chuan(皇國名醫傳)" and the "Xian Jhe Yi Hua(先哲醫話)". Especially in the "Ju Chuang Shu Ying(橘窻書影) he says "the old theories are the main, and the new prescriptions are to be used"(以古法爲主, 後世方爲用), stating the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' way of thinking, In the first volume of "Shang Han Biang Shu(傷寒辨術)" and "Za Bing Lun Shi(雜病論識)", 'Zong Ping'(總評), He discerns the parts that are not Zhang Zhong Jing's writings and emphasizes his theories and practical uses.