• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.54-73
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• 2013

In a knowledge economy, accelerating the pace of knowledge building and the rapid acquisition of knowledge are keys to innovative development. However, the development of the commercialization of research results and formation of new start-up companies are often not as active as they should be with a lack of motivation and incentive being one of the contributing factors for the failure to take action. In Taiwan and Japan, the reason that widely advocated idea of industry-academia collaboration is to help advance the technological capabilities of research and development as well as produce economic benefit. The assistance rendered by the government during the transformation and the assessment of outcomes from entrepreneurial pursuits are key issues explored in this study. The results indicate that the network system in the national innovation system is important for entrepreneurship development. The domestic market of Taiwan is not as large as Japan and new entrepreneurs have to face global market challenges.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-186
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• 2014

This paper argues that the formation of regional integration frameworks can be best understood as a dominant state's attempt to create a preferred regional framework in which it can exercise exclusive influence. In this context, it is important to observe not only which countries are included in a regional framework, but also which countries are excluded from it. For example, the distinct feature of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is its exclusion of China, and that of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is its exclusion of the United States (US). An exclusion of a particular country does not mean that the excluded country will perpetually remain outside the framework. In fact, TPP may someday include China, resulting from a policy of the US "engaging" or "socializing" China rather than "balancing" against it. However, the first step of such a policy is to establish a regional framework from which the target country of engagement is excluded.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

Gyeongsangnam-do needed an employment stability response policy to induce re-employment of job seekers who retired due to large-scale unemployment and job instability following the employment crisis, and stable settlement and long-term employment after new employment.This study is to confirm the effective corporate support policy as an employment promotion strategy through new recruitment of the employment crisis in Gyeongsangnam-do. A total of 380 companies in Gyeongsangnam-do were targeted for the survey through online surveys and in-person surveys. As a result of the study, as a measure to improve working conditions through financial support for long-term employment stability, first, support for youth-middle-age asset formation of SME workers is required, and second, support for old-age income guarantee for SME workers was proposed. Third, direct corporate subsidies are continuously needed for job promotion and job stability of Gyeongsangnam-do companies.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-110
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• 2019

This study examines the social problem-solving R&D policies from the perspective of 'Mission-oriented innovation policy'. To this end, we analyzed the 'second science and technology-based social problem solving plan' in terms of civil society's participation, securing the government's dynamic capabilities, and government's risk investments. The plan introduces an institutional framework for civic participation for social problem-solving innovation, strengthening R&D program coordination and integration, and new innovation ecosystem formation. However, there is a need for a concrete program to overcome a path dependency of existing activities. Otherwise new institutions are likely to be formalized. In addition, in order to derive risk investment, it is necessary to integrate innovation policy with social policy fields such as community care and climate change. It is necessary to establish an policy process that combines the agenda of social policy beyond with R & D policy, and to forms a platform for problem solving, integrates various technologies, industries and resources.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2014

Entrepreneurial financing, such as publicly initiated venture capital or grant schemes, serves as an important policy instrument that aims to bridge the financing gap facing young, innovative businesses, a gap that is mainly due to higher risk and growing uncertainty, and to strategically promote the creation of new ventures through the revitalization of their venture capital industries. This study examines public venture capital initiatives in Australia, Canada, and Sweden, and discovered that all three countries actively foster their venture capital industry through the formation of funds or the provision of tax incentives. It is notable that the majority of financing initiatives heavily depend on supply-side measures rather than demand-driven policies that focus on stimulating private investment in technological innovations and discoveries. This paper discusses in-depth the policy impact of public financing initiatives and their subsequent side-effects raised in the process such as overlapping in funding structure across the country, lack of monitoring and evaluation for feedback, fragmentation across the government ministries and agencies, and competition with the private sector, which may cause inefficiency as a result of public intervention. Financial constraints may arise for many reasons, partly resulting from the lack of investment readiness of young entrepreneurs. This signals a policy shift towards the creation of market-driven demand away from the traditional supply-push approach, and is a grand challenge to policymakers in entrepreneurial financing. Attention is leaning towards the efficiency and effectiveness of these public-financing initiatives in terms of their policy roles. It is worth noting that policy should focus on generating synergy so available resources can be channeled into the early, risky stage of new ventures, working as facilitator to the achievement of an intended policy goal.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.358-394
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• 2016

In Korea, co-utilization of research equipments has been low, even though co-utilization policies for them have been implemented for a long time. This situation results because the policy formation and implementation for the co-utilization of research equipments have been conducted from the perspectives of the policy maker not from those of the researchers and equipment managers. Therefore, this work has been conducted for analyzing the current state of co-utilization of research equipments as well as for discussing the future developments of its more co-utilization in the basic research programs by adopting the bottom approach in policy implementation theory. The research shows that firstly principal investigators, especially professors in universities, have placed a relatively low priority on the co-utilization of research equipments, secondly implementation resources such as high quality technicians and affordable budget for co-utilization are scare, thirdly incentives for the activation of co-utilization in the stage of daily operation of research equipments are lacking. As a result, the study tries to develop a more economic means and information tools for the promotion of co-utilization of research equipments in the perspectives of bottom-up approach in policy implementation theory.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-132
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• 2018

Developing countries face numerous challenges in the process of building science, technology, and research capacity; in particular, the formation and accumulation of skilled S&T workforce. The lack of organized and sustainable higher education options (Master and Doctoral programs), nonexistent or low-quality academic programs, and the absence of research-oriented study options are some of the strong contributors for talented students to emigrate to developed countries. At the same time, the consolidation of a global knowledge economy, the internationalization of higher education, and the competition to attract foreign talent in industrialized countries present challenges for underdeveloped nations to retain their already scarce skilled human resources. In this context, student mobility has been used as a policy mechanism to cope with S&T workforce shortages in S&T laggard nations. It has also enabled opportunities for international cooperation to play a key role. While significant literature has been devoted to studying the gains of developed nations with the arrival and potential migration of the mobilized students, few scholarly inquiries have addressed the benefits and losses experienced by their countries of origin. More importantly, limited research can be found on policy options and policy implications for developing countries to deal with the dilemmas presented by the brain-drain/brain-circulation debate. The goal of this article is to study empirical evidence of an international cooperation initiative for student mobility between the Republic of Korea and Guatemala (implemented during 2009-2015). The paper analyzes this particular international cooperation experience from the perspective of the different actors involved and attempts to draw policy implications and policy options for developing countries to deal with potential risks and gains derived from international mobility for their S&T capacity building.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.307-325
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the regional variations in which appear during the formation process of educational community in rural villages from the perspective of regional innovation theory. The study results revealed that the activities to form an educational community of the Songak village significantly influenced the variations across the social, economic and environmental aspects beyond an innovation of public education within the region based on interrelation between schools and villages. In other words, the activities including interactions and group learnings have been actively promoted among the various relevant stakeholders, thereby resulting in a variety of positive variations such as expanded regional welfare base, activated voluntary residents community gatherings based on the unity and cooperation, broadened socioeconomic opportunities, satisfaction on educational and cultural desires, and construction of healthy ecological environment in the region. Therefore, it is thought that regional development policy suitable for each region needs to be established by embracing the fact that activities to form a village educational community entail significant implication and value as the comprehensive regional innovation activities across the entire domains in each region.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-86
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• 1995

One of the innovative and most promising approaches to new high-tech business formation from university is technology business incubators, which attempts to enhance small high-tech start-up firms' chances of survival. To date, there is few comprehensive effort to do a comparative study of technology business incubatiors between European Countries and U.S. to evaluate the impacts of them on regional development. With these consideration in mind this research anlayzed key findings of 6 case studies of university related Technology Business Incubators in the U.K., Germany, and U.S. to explore relationship of university to regional development. These included Cambridge Science Park(CSP) '||'&'||' West of Scotland Science Park in the U.K., Dortmund Technologiezentrum '||'&'||' Berlin Technologiezentrum, and Rensselaer Technology Development Center of the Georgia Institute of Technology in the U.S. The primary objective of this study was to advance our understanding of the impact and utility of technology business incubators and to get some policy implications for the future development in this area in Korea. Among the major question examined hear was "how do they contribute the overall economy of the communities in which they are located\ulcorner". The results of the case study about this question were very positive. The technology business incubators contributed to foster new high-tech small business formation from university, to facilitate the cooperation between university and industry and Incubator tenants created jobs and income, pay taxes, and in doing so, had a multiplier effects on the local economy. The same was true of incubator graduates. With this consideration in mind the university related business regioned development policy in korean local communities.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2020

The support policy of Micro manufacturers clusters should reflect the regional characteristics of Micro manufacturers clusters, but only similar policies are proposed based on the normal collection of information from related companies. Since the regional characteristics of Micro manufacturers clusters are not understood, they are not reflected in the support policy. Therefore, this study analyzed the characteristics of Micro manufacturers clusters as the formation factors of localization, networking/embeddedness, and innovation synergy/collective learning which are the characteristics of clusters, and applied the development stage based on the analyzed formation factors. Since regional characteristics may be different in the same industry, Micro manufacturers clusters in Changsin and Jangwi, which are representative clusters of apparel sewing industry in Seoul, were compared and studied in terms of regional characteristics and developmental stages. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of Apparel Sewing Micro manufacturers clusters, clusters of peers were found to be higher in Changsin than in Jangwi in localization. However, in the synergy and group learning, the Changsin area was mainly centered on designers and the Jangwi area was centered on Micro manufacturers, the Changsin area was active while the Jangwi area was passive in participating in fairs and seminars, and in sample and production. As a result of examining the two formation factors, the development stage of Micro manufacturers clusters in the two regions is progressing beyond the industrial district in the case of Micro manufacturers clusters in Changsin apparel sewing, and the Micro manufacturers clusters in the Jangwi apparel sewing are analyzed to stay in the industrial district. Innovative and long-established garment sewing clusters suggest that the government's support policy needs to reflect the characteristics and development stages of the two regions for sustainable growth.