• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.413-425
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• 2019

We see many images every day, some of these images are stored in memory, and the majority are immersed in the unconscious world. Visual elements are seen by personal attention or by visual or biological attention factors. Specific and clear discovery of this visual attention has not yet been made. However, there is an interesting discussion of this visual attention in the fields of interior, design, visual perception, advertising, and psychology. Advertising photographers are expected to produce what their work will have on viewers and consumers. However, the adjustment of subject, exposure, color, or post-production, which could have a visual effect on the consumer, was determined only by the photographer's senses rather than the experimental verification. The advertisement photographs provide a specific image related to the object to be advertised and deliver a certain message. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of the image in a certain visual way. According to previous studies, there are two major factors that affect the visual impression of the viewer. One is the factor depending on the type and content of the subject and the other is the factor about the density and color of the subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaningful changes in the visual perception depending on the shape, content, color and tone of the subject, which can be called the main subject, And to analyze the effects of I will study some implications of visual elements through various analyzes.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.871-889
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• 2018

This study aims to explore social participation needs among the elderly in Korea from the perspective of the elderly participant's. 40 Q-samples are drawn from the Q-population including attitudes and needs toward social participation in later life based on news articles, essays, research, documentary, and television shows. 35 subjects are analysed by the QUANL program and the types of social participation needs are divided into four patterns which accounted for 60.16% of the total variance. The elderly's portrayal of an ideal social participation is about making independent decisions and being able to actively participate in the activities they chose to do. However, their most undesirable scenario would be being confused and uncertain of what they should do the remainder of their lives. The needs of social participation among the elderly varies on four indicators such as ego, social capital, life satisfaction, life vitality and these four indicators have two sub-categories with a total of 8 types of classification. These 8 types differ by priorities, adaptation to life changes, motivation to social participation, and desired activity. Findings suggest that researchers and policy makers need to consider service user perspective on social participation in later life, not service provider perspective.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.613-620
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate of Mori Folium Water Extract (MF) on anti-inflammation activity. MF Water extracts after 24 houres cultivation were examined to ascertain the cell viability of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The influence of the Water extracts in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells treated with LPS was investigated. nitric oxide (NO) production, nterleukin$(IL)-1{\alpha}$ IL-6 and IL-10 increased generation of cytokines. mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells cell viability changes were no decreas after MTT assay of MF Water extract. The MF water extracts inhibited NO generation caused by LPS in the macrophages over $25{\mu}g/mL$. The MF water extracts increased in the control group the $IL-1{\alpha}$ and IL-6 activation generated by LPS in the macrophages over $50{\mu}g/mL$. Accordingly, it was found that different MF water extract concentrations significantly influenced certain anti-inflammation activities in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results of this study are expected to be highly applicable to health - friendly functional materials. Further studies are needed to confirm the signaling pathways associated with anti-inflammation of macrophages through continuous studies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the use of artificial intelligence chatbots on improving Korean college students' English grammar skills. 70 undergraduate students participated in the present study. They were taking a General English class offered by a university in Korea. There were two groups in this study. Participants in the chatbot group consisted of 36 students while those in the human group were 34. Over 16 weeks, the chatbot group engaged in ten chat sessions with a chatbot while the human group had a chat with a human chat partner. Both pre- and post-tests were performed to examine changes in the participants' grammar skills over time. To compare the improvement between the two groups, an independent t-test was then run. Main findings are as follows: First, participants in both groups significantly improved their English grammar skills, indicating the beneficial effects of engaging in chat. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the improvement between the chatbot and human groups, indicating the superior effects of the chatbot use. This study confirmed the improved grammar skills by the participants in the chatbot group, comparison with those in the human group. Based on these findings, suggestions for the future chatbot study are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.229-263
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• 2019

The Korean fertility rate has been declining rapidly since 2000 with the fertility rate among provinces following a uniform tendency. In particular, the province-specific fertility rate is an essential tool for local governments to prepare local policies for low fertility aging policy, education and welfare policies. However, there is limitation on how to reflect different trends on the province-specific fertility rate because the KOSTAT's (2017) province-specific fertility rate projection estimates information use the national average birth rate date of vital statistics for the last 10 years (5 years). In this study, we propose an improvement plan that simultaneously considers important stable pattern maintenance and provincial fertility rate differentiation for an annual birth rate estimation. The method proposed in this study (proposal 1 and 2) can reflect birth rate changes from past to present and national and provincial differences by age that use time series data of the annual fertility rate. Proposal 3 also reflects the unique fertility rate trend from the past to the present by age according to province regardless of the relationship with the national trend. Therefore, it is preferable to use a relationship to the national rate when predicting the birth rate, as in proposals 1 and 2 because the national and the provincial fertility rate pattern are similar. These proposals show improved stability in terms of age-specific fertility rates.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.33
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• pp.210-255
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• 2000

This study aims to classify the framework and arrangement of interior columns (Naeju) which are used in single-story Buddhist halls into several types, and to develop a theory on the process of changes among those types. Since interior columns are building materials which hold up the roof structure and make partitions in the interior space of halls, their framework and arrangement is closely linked to the development of building technology and is expected to reflect new architectural needs. The kinds of interior columns classified by the shape of framework are goju, chaduju, oepyonju, naepyonju. The arrangement of interior columns can he classified by two methods: One which counts the number of the interior column arrangements in a hall, and the other whose classification relates with the side wall columns - Jeongchibup and yijubup. With the combination of these classifications, we can divide the framework and arrangement of interior columns into 8 types From the remains of Korean and Chinese Architecture, we can presume that before the late-Goryo period, jeongchibup had always been applied in the construction of Buddhist halls, and gamju(column reducing) had only been used in examples of small scale. After the founding of Choseon Kingdom, however, national policy had weakened the economic power of Buddhist temples. Because of that, large-scale outdoor Buddhist mass was replaced by small-scale indoor mass, and for this reason, though the scale of Buddhist halls became smaller, the need for a broad interior space became stronger. Thus in early-Choseon period, reduction of interior columns became widely spread. Those types of framework and arrangement of interior columns where yijubup was applied were developed because the rear interior columns arrangements, in order to expand the interior space, have moved backward. Among these types, yiju-goju and yiju-chaduju were developed for the Buddhist halls with paljak roof(hipped-gabled roof), where the load of their side eaves caused structural problems at the side walls. And oepyonju type was for the small-scale and middle-scale Buddhist halls which needed more interior space but didn't want the extension of roof structure. From the local and periodic distribution of each types, we can conclude that the types jeongchi-goju, jeongchi-chaduju and yiju-chaduju have been settled as typical technique of local carpenters. Oepyonju was developed later than the other types, but for its merit of low cost, it became a popular type across the nation.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.147-176
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• 2019

This paper uses research on the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) in South Korea to conduct a simulation analysis on the impact of nuclear power dependency and usage rates on the social costs of power generation. We compare the $7^{th}$ basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand, which was designed to increase nuclear power generation, to the $8^{th}$ basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand that decreased nuclear power generation and increased renewable energy generation in order to estimate changes in social costs and electricity rates according to the power generation mix. Our environmental generation mix simulation results indicate that social costs may increase by 22% within 10 years while direct generation cost and electricity rates based on generation and other production costs may increase by as much as 22% and 18%, respectively. Thus we confirm that the power generation mix from the $8^{th}$ basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand compared to the $7^{th}$ plan increases social costs of generation, which include environmental external costs.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.201-228
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• 2017

In Korean society, universities represent institutions of higher education. Industrialization and economic development led to a small number of elite groups at the helm of these institutions. However, our society has encouraged a lifelong system of learning, and apparently, the present university system does not represent an ideal scenario. The Korean government recognized the need for appropriate changes. The events associated with the implementation of related policies occurred at the Ewha Womans University (Seoul) last year. This article is based on the notion of lifelong education to further our understanding of the role of university in the absence of a consensus among university and college members regarding lifelong learning in our society. As an alternative, we looked at the case of France, which is adopting a lifelong education system and implementing related policies ahead of us. Despite regulatory challenges and adaptation of the role of public education in lifelong learning, France has laid a solid foundation. In our case, we are recognizing the need to prepare for lifelong learning. In particular, it is necessary to increase public awareness of education by clearly recognizing our national responsibility and increasing the financial support to universities, accordingly. Above all, the role and attitude of universities must change, along with the perception of its members.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2021

With the development of new media, great changes are taking place in the way people get information. The change is the use of video content that can deliver content in a more three-dimensional way than words or photos. After 2016, the number of live video streaming content providers and users has increased. In this paper the write takes the 1 personal live video streaming content as the research object. And the write takes live video streaming content on YouTube live or Douyu TV as a research example. In this paper, the writer analyzes the digital information content in the live video streaming case. And the writer expounds the necessity of these visual information and the characteristics of real-time live video streaming content. Especially since 2020, because of the influence of the COVID-19, the live video streaming industry has begun to combine with the traditional industry. It is expected that the integration of digital cutting-edge technology and live video streaming will not only provide diversity in the content, but also create more social value for the video content consumption culture. Therefore, The writer thinks it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the social responsibility of real-time live content in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.453-459
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of video - based movement therapy program on emotional variables (anxiety, depression, panic disorder) and EEG on panic disorder patients. The following conclusions were obtained. The results of the 12 - week video - based behavior therapy program showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <.05) in the anxiety scale of the exercise group. There were statistically significant differences (p <.05) between the left brain L-Beta region of the exercise group and the left brain H-Beta and the right brain L-Beta regions of the control group and no significant difference was found between the groups. The results of this study suggest that the performance of the video-based behavioral therapy program for panic disorder patients did not affect the emotional variables and EEG changes. However, in the case of emotional variables, It is considered that the longer the program execution period, the more result will be obtained. In addition, it is expected that more positive study results can be expected if the program is run after having had enough familiarity and adaptation time of the operation treatment program omitted in this study.