• Title/Summary/Keyword: Point electrode method

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Automatic Interpretation of the Borehole Normal Resistivity Data by Using a Personal Computer (퍼스널 컴퓨터를 이용한 비저항 물리검층자료의 자동해석)

  • Kim, Jin-Hu
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 1988
  • A data transform is performed by using a point-electrode focusing method in order to obtain accurate and objective interpretation of the borehole normal resistivity data. Two new synthetic curves can be generated through the data transform. The one is an approximate apparent resistivity curve, which would be used to predict the true resistivity of the formation. The other one is a bed boundary coefficient curve, which would be used to distinguish bed boundaries. The accuracy of the normal data interpretation can be improved and this method takes much less computational time than a linear inversion technique. Moreover, this method does not require an initial guess model and limitation of number of unknown parameters. Since this algorithm can be run on a personal computer, an immediate interpretation would be possible at the field work site. If an additional set of electrodes(a=125cm)is attached to a normal resistivity tool which is being used (a=25cm, 50cm, 100cm), the apparent resistivity for the point-electrode focusing device can be calculated, and it would maximize the use of short and long normal resistivity data and promote the accuracy of the interpretation.

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Melting Point of Amorphous Copper Phase on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells During Cold Spray using Molecular Dynamics Calculations (분자 동역학 계산을 통한 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 기판에 콜드 스프레이 전극 형성 시 발생되는 비정질 구리상에 대한 용융 온도 변화 연구)

  • Kim, Soo Min;Kang, Byungjun;Jeong, Sujeong;Kang, Yoonmook;Lee, Hae-seok;Kim, Donghwan
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.61-64
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    • 2015
  • In solar industry, numerous researchers reported about cold spray method among various electrode formation technic, but there are no known a bonding mechanism of metal powder. In this study, a cross-section of copper electrode formed by cold spray method was observed and heterogeneous phase between silicon substrate and copper electrode was analyzed using morphology observation technic. SEM and TEM analysis were performed to analyze a crystallinity and distribution shape of heterogeneous copper phase. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to calculate glass transition temperature of copper metal. In the result, amorphous copper phase was observed near interface between silicon substrate and metal electrode. The results of the molecular dynamics simulation show that an amorphous copper phase could be formed at a temperature below the melting point of copper because cold spraying resulted in a lower glass transition temperature.

An Analysis of Capacitance in Multi-electrode System by Surface-Contacted Elements (표면접촉요소에 의한 다중 전극계의 정전용량 해석)

  • Park, Pil-Yong;Choi, Seung-Kil;Shim, Jae-Hak;Kang, Hyung-Boo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1999.07e
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    • pp.2287-2289
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, a new method for calculating capacitance in multi-electrode system with arbitrarily shape is presented. This new approach based on divergence theorem and Gauss's law is achieved by Surface-Contacted Element(SCE) for Gaussian surface. To evaluate capacitance in multi-electrode system, two dimensional finite element method using only the elements which is contacted one nod (PE: Point-Element) or two nod (FE: Face-Element) with surface is employed. The proposed SCE method has short computing time to calculate capacitance which is because it uses only SCE elements and needs one calculation loop while exiting FEM method in servral loops. This method is verified by application in calculating capacitance using potential detection device model which is composed with anode, cathode, and floating electrode.

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Minimized Distance of the Current Electrode in the Measurement of Ground Resistance (접지저항 측정에 있어서 전류전극의 최소 이격거리)

  • Lee, Sang-Mu;Kang, Young-Heung;Yang, Jun-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.68-73
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    • 2006
  • As in the measurement of ground resistance by using the 3 point fall-of-potential method, it is known that the distance of current electrode should be at the point of showing the plateu on the potential curve. But the problem is that it my be practically impossible to meet the condition in actual sites. For solving such a situation, this paper provides the least distance of current electrode according to the analysis for the test-field measurement showing that it is feasible to measure the ground resistance in the two in current electrode distance as the length of driven-rod type electrode and the some district length of mesh electrode.

The Treatment of Cyanide by Electro-Oxidation (전기산화를 이용한 Cyanide의 처리)

  • Kim, Hong-Tae;Lee, Young-Do;Kim, Kyu-Choul;Kim, Hak-Seok;Chun, Bong-Jun;Ku, Bong-Hun
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2008
  • This study based on electro-coagulation & oxidation reaction is applied to wastewater treatment. Electro-oxidation reaction is used to remove cyanide(CN) which is contained in plating wastewater. Cyanide is transferred by gases such as $NH_3,\;NO_x,\;CO_2$. Analysis result and removal efficiency of Cyanide which is contained in heavy metal wastewater of plating plant, are shown as following paragraph. In electrode arrangement experiment, removal efficiency of carbon electrode(-)/STS316L electrode(+) arrangement method is superior to carbon electrode(-)/carbon electrode(+) arrangement method. Removal efficiencies of cyanide in different HRT such as 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 75 min and 90 min are 85.5%, 93.1%, 98.0%, 98.7% and 99.4% respectively in carbon electrode(-)/STS316L electrode(+) arrangement method. Finally we can estimate the critical point at HRT of 60 min which the variation of removal efficiency is decreased and HRT to obtain removal efficiency of less than 1 mg/LCN is minimum 90 min.

Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nano-Tube Electrode (탄소나노튜브 전극의 전기화학적 특성)

  • Lee Dong-Yoon;Koo Bo-Kun;Lee Won-Jae;Song Jae-Sung;Kim Hyun-Ju
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.139-143
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    • 2005
  • For application of carbon nano-tube (CNT) as a counter electrode materials of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the electrochemical behavior of CNT electrode was studied, employing cyclic-voltammetry (C-V) and impedance spectroscopy. Fabrication of CNT-paste and formation of CNT-counter electrode for characteristic measurement have been carried out using ball-milling and doctor blade process, respectively. Unit cell for measurements was assembled using Pt electrode, CNT electrode, and iodine-embedded electrolyte. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used for structural investigation of CNT powder and electrode. Sheet resistance of electrode was measured with 4-point probe method. Electrochemical properties of electrode, C-V and impedance spectrum, were studied, employing potentiogalvanostat (EG&G 273A) and lock in amplifier (EG&G 5210). As a results, the sheet resistance of CNT electrode is almost similar to that of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated glass substrate as approximately 10 ohm/sq. From C-V and impedance spectroscopy measurements, it was found that CNT electrode has high reaction rate and low interface reaction resistance between CNT surface and electrolyte. These results provides that CNT electrode were superior to that of conventional Pt electrode. Particularly, the reaction rate in the CNT electrode is about thrice high than Pt electrode. Therefore. CNT electrode is to be good candidate material for counter electrode in DSSC.

Charge Injection by Needle Electrode and Reduction Properties of Streaming Electrification (침 전극을 이용한 전하 주입과 유동대전 감소 특성)

  • Kim, Yong-Woon;Lee, Duck-Chool;Kang, Chang-Won
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.07e
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    • pp.108-112
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    • 2000
  • The electric charge generated by flowing insulation liquid can create hazardous spark in transfer line and receiving tank etc. These electrification has generally been measured by current measurement with a ammeter connected to the receiving tank. This paper reports on the experimental result obtained by this method. As a experimental results: The injected charge value for unit volume increased in the following condition, the edge of the needle electrode was sharp, the number of needle electrode was fewer, the edge of the needle electrode was located close to the inside wall. When the charge density in the charge reducer is constant, electrode current and electrode potential by the charge injection from outside increase with increasing of oil velocity and streaming current. The electrode potential in charge reducer is made maximum value at edge point of reducer inside and minimum value at center line of charge reducer.

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Micro Electrochemical Machining Characteristics and Shape Memory Effect in Ni-Ti SMA (Ni-Ti SMA의 미세 전해가공특성과 형상기억효과)

  • 김동환;박규열
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2003
  • In this study, micro electrochemical machining method was introduced for accomplishment the fabrication technology of functional parts and smart structures using the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy. From the experimental result, the micro part which has very fine surface could be achieved by use of micro electrochemical process with point electrode method. Concretely, the optimal performance of micro electrochemical process in Ni-Ti SMA was obtained at the condition of approximately 100% of current efficiency and high frequency pulse current. That is, much finer surface integrity and shape memory effect can be obtained at the same condition mentioned above.

The Analysis for PDP Discharge as a Parameter of Electrode Structure by 3-Dimensional Light Emission Measurement (3차원 광 측정을 통한 PDP의 전극 구조별 방전 분석)

  • Woo, Seok-Gyun;Choi, Hoon-Young;Lee, Seok-Hyun
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.190-196
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    • 2001
  • We measured 3-dimensional images of the light emitted from plasma display panel(PDP) by using newly proposed scanned point detecting method(SPDM). The SPDM has the point detector with pinhole. The light emitted from PDP cell at the in-focus position can pass through the pinhole and be collected by detector. On the contrary, the light emitted from PDP cell at the out-of-focus positions is focused on the front of or the behind of the pinhole. We could analyze the characteristic of 3-dimensional light emission distribution by SPDM. From 3-dimensional measurement of 828[nm], the efficient design of PDP cell, the importance of opening ration, and the relations between BUS electrode position and discharge intensity are obtained. Also, the relationship between discharge characteristics and sustain electrode structures in AC-PDP are studied by measuring luminance, current, and discharge voltage.

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A Basic Study on Accelerated Life Test Method and Device of DSA (Dimensionally Stable Anode) Electrode (촉매성 산화물 전극 (DSA, Dimensionally Stable Anode)의 가속수명 테스트 방법과 장치에 관한 기초 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Seog;Park, Young-Seek
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.467-475
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    • 2018
  • The lifetime of the electrode is one of the most important factors on the stability of the electrode. Since the lifetime of the DSA (Dimensionally stable anode) electrode is long, an accelerated lifetime test is required to reduce the test time. Beacuse there is no basis or standard method for accelerated lifetime testing, many researchers use different methods. Therefore, there is a need for basis and methods for accelerated lifetime testing that other researchers can follow. We designed a reactor system for accelerated lifetime testing and planned specific methods. Reactor system was circulating batch reactor. Reactor volume and cooling water tank were 12.5 L and 100 L, respectively. Electrode size was $2cm{\times}3cm$ (real electrolysis area, $5cm^2$). In order to maintain the harsh conditions, accelerated lifetime test was carried out in a high current density ($0.6A/cm^2$) and low electrolyte concentration (NaCl, 0.068 mol/L). Maintaining a constant temperature was an important operation parameter for exact accelerated lifetime test. As the accelerated lifetime test progressed, the active component of electrode surface was consumed and desorption occurred. At the point of 5 V rise, corrosion of the surface of the base material(titanium) also started.