• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.302-307
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• 2018

From 2014 to 2016, approximately 5% of okra fruit were observed displaying gray mold symptoms at the research field of Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea. The symptoms observed were water-soaked, brown or gray spots, and abundant mycelial with conidia appearing on the infected fruit. Initial infection commenced from the base of fruit and gradually moved to the pod, where it finally resulted in collapse. Colonies on potato dextrose agar were gray to grayish brown, felted and cottony expanding 65-80 mm after one week. The fungus formed several black sclerotia ranging $1.0-3.5{\times}0.5-3.0mm$ on the Petri dish after two weeks. The conidia were one-celled, ellipsoidal or ovoid, colorless or pale brown, and $6.2-15.4{\times}5.0-10.4{\mu}m$. Conidiophores arose solitary or in groups, straight or flexuous, septate, with an inflated basal cell brown to light brown, and measured $85-450{\times}10.0-40.0{\mu}m$. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer rDNA, the fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers. Pathogenicity of a representative isolate was proved by artificial inoculation, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of B. cinerea on okra in Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound, plays a pivotal role in regulating a wide range of physiological and metabolic processes in plants such as antioxidant cellular defense, photosynthesis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses during the growth and development. We examined the effect of exogenous SA application (100 mg·L^-1) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity of chili pepper plants under high temperature and drought stress conditions. SA treatment induced increases of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) under the stress condition with the highest level after the third treatment. The contents of malondialdehyde and H₂O₂ were significantly lower in the third treatment of SA compared to the control. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, increased in treated plants by up to 247, 318, 55 and 54%, respectively compared to the nontreated control. There was no significant difference in the growth characteristics between SA-treated and nontreated plants, while the SA treatment increased marketable yield (kg/10a) by about 15% compared to the nontreated control. Taken together, these results suggest that foliar application of SA alleviates physiological damages caused by the combination of drought and heat stress, and enhances the photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby improving tolerance to a combination of water deficit and heat stress in chili pepper plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

This study investigated the antioxidant and yield properties of eight adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) cultivars grown under different mean temperatures and sunshine hours in 2020 and 2021. Compared to 2021, which had a normal mean temperature, 2020 showed a lower mean temperature during the pod-extension and grain-filling periods. In addition, due to frequent rainfall during the vegetative period in 2020, there were fewer hours of sunshine in 2020 than in 2021. The adzuki bean yield was approximately 13% lower in 2020 than in 2021 due to the decreased number of pods per plant and 100-seeds weight. 'Hongda' and 'Hongjin' cultivars showed more stable yields than the 'Arari' variety, which is the most commonly cultivated variety in Korea. Moreover, the 'Hongda' and 'Hongjin' cultivars had higher yields than the 'Arari' variety in both years. Compared to 2021, in 2020, when the weather conditions were unfavorable, both antioxidant levels and activity were higher. 'Hongda' had higher antioxidant levels and activity than the other cultivars over the 2 years. These results suggest that the antioxidant levels and activity were good in 2020, with an approximately 13% decrease in yield compared to 2021, which was a normal year with respect to mean temperature and sunshine hours.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 1987

The object of this study was to investigate the differences in dry matter production, physiological characteristic and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) as affected by planting dates in southern region of Korea. This experiment was conducted using four planting dates and four varieties over 3 years (1982-1984). The different responses of soybean varieties to different temperature and daylength, days from planting to flowering were ranged from 43 to 55 days when planted on May 10 long daylength and low temperature condition. Flowering duration was ranged from 12 to 27 days and 9 to 13 days for the plantings made on May 10 and July 9, respectively. Therefore, it was the shortest under the short daylength and high tempera-ture condition. It also appeared that the later planting caused the lower dry matter weight and leaf area index which resulted in lower grain yield. But grain yield was not directly correlated with the unbalance of Xink/Source Ratio and the lodging from excessive vegatative growth. The grain yield was the highest in May 30 and the lowest in July 9 planting: it was ranged from 2.26 to 2.55 t/ha in the former and 0.85 to 1.20 t/ha in the latter, respectively. The increase in yield was depended on the increase in the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and the seed weight. The distribution ratio of dry matter to leaves was the hightest at the sixth trifoliolate leaf stage and gradually declined thereafter in all planting dates, and it also appeared that the later planting, the lower the ratio of dry matter to leaves.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of early planting and polyethylene film (P.E) mulch on early maturing soybean of Korean native cultivar Kyeonggi No. 114 in the Kyeonggi area. It was planted four times at the ten days interval from April I to April 30 in 1985 and 1986. The average soil temperature was 1-5$^{\circ}C$ higher under the polyethylene film mulch condition than the conventional cultural practice condition. Soil moisture content also was higher under P.E mulch condition. Days to emergence was shortened 5-16 days and days to flowering was shortened 3-5 days. The fresh pod yield was increased 12% more at the planting date of April 1 and April 10. Income was increased 70, 83, more at the planting date of April 1 and April 10 under the polyethylene mm mulch conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

This study was conducted to compare the growth and yield, and to determine the optimum planting date and density in two improved black soybean varieties. The two varieties were planted by driller attached a tractor on May 21 and June 19, 1993, and treated five planting densities, respectively. Yield of Gumjeongkong 1 was similer for both planting dates, but that of Suwon 157 was remarkably reduced on June 19 planting compared to May 21. There was significant differences between planting dates in stem length, number of branches, seeds per plant, seed weight and yield. Planting density, also, significantly affected on stem length, number of branches and seeds per plant. Statistically significant interactions between planting date$\times$variety and planting date$\times$planting density were found at almost all characteristics, except between variety$\times$planting density. Optimum planting date and density of Gumjeongkong 1 for high yield were June 19 and 33, 000 plants per l0a, and those of Suwon 157 were May 21 and 22, 000 plants per l0a, respectively. The coefficient of variation at different planting densities was high at stem length, number of branches, seeds per plant and yield, but low at number of main stem node, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1995

This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of the optimum planting date and place for good seed production on growth variation, grain yields, different of variety, infection of seed by fungi, and seed germination and vigor after room storage. Early maturity Korean soybean variety, Keunolkong, and introduced vegetable soybean variety, Fukura-edamame, were planted at field of YAES. and high cool land of Sajapyong in Milyang（altitude, 850m） on May 15 （early）, June 15 （mid.）, and July 15 （late） in 1991. The emergence and vegetative period gradually increased in the early planting date. The grain yield, seed weight, pod number, healthy grain yield also increased when Keunolkong was planted on early date. The healthy seed rate, Keunolkong increased in the early planting date, whereas that of Fukura also increased in the late planting date. Infection ratio of grain to phomopsis seed decay （Phomopsis spp. ' Diaporthe phaseolorum） in Fukura steadily increased in the early planting date. Infection ratio of grain to purple seed stain （Cercospora kikuchii） generally increased in the mid and late planting date. The seed germination and seedling vigor after room storage from five to six months gradually increased in the late planting date. And seed germination of Fukura rapidly decreased in the early planting date. Therefore, the optimum planting date for good seed production in early maturity vegetable soybean was June 15 in terms of harvesting time avoid a high temprature and humidity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 1992

Soybean seeds contain lipoxygenase, which is responsible for the objectionable beany flavors in soybean seeds. The isozymes of lipoxygenase (1$\times$1, 1$\times$2, 1$\times$3) were discovered in United States of America, Japan, and Korea, and the mode of inheritance of the mutant genes was determined. This investigation was conducted to screen lipoxygenase-1, 2, and 3 lacking soybean lines from the Korean soybean land race population. Two lipoxygenase-1lacking lines, KAS 610-8 and KAS 621-8 were found in this investigation. In general, lipoxygenase acking varieties were small in seed size and low in oil content. A severe pod borer damage was observed in the two selected lipoxygenase-1 lacking lines. Lipoxygenase lacking line was not found in Korean wild soybean population used in this study and the lipoxygenase lacking lines were found only in Kyung-Nam province and the results imply that lipoxygenase lacking mutants were induced recently in cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 1993

Effect of sulfur dioxide gas on the growth and yield of soybean growing in the On-San Industrial Complex area was evaluated using the isoquant contour lines of the sulfur dioxide in air of the area. Average concentration of sulfur dioxide monitored in the Industrial Complex from July 17 to September 17 was 0.77mg / 100cm$^2$ PbO$_2$/day. Soil pH ranged from 4.2 to 6.5. Yield losses were estimated by 5～30% due to the effect of sulfur dioxide. Liming could relieve the yield reduction to some extent. The cumulative $SO_2$ concentration, as measured by PbO$_2$ method, for two months of active vegetative growth to early ripening stage has shown a good negative correlation with soybean yield. But, pod number and 100 grain weight did not show the correlation with the concentration of sulfur dioxide. These results suggest that sulfur dioxide affect chronically and cumulatively the growth of soybean plants.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.191-202
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a 10-week body stability exercise program, which was conducted on 24 male football players. The result of the Visual Response Speed Test using BlazePod, showed a significant increase of the upper arms, left foot and right foot for 15 second in number of reactions and reaction time (p<0.001). As a result of evaluating whether or not 7 functional movements were improved in order to evaluate the functional movement screen, Hurdle Step (p=0.001) and Active Straight Leg Rise (p=0.022) movements were significantly improved. significantly improved. As a result of measuring the y-balance Test in order to evaluate the balance ability, composite score(p<0.001) of both sides was significantly improved. The result of evaluating vital capacity, which was conducted to evaluate mobility and muscle endurance, showed a significant improvement in Forced vital capacity(p<0.001) and Forced expiratory volume in 1.0(p=0.003). In conclusion, a 10-week BSE program intervention in high school period, which can most improve the technical fitness necessary for the game in power, agility, leg strength, leg stability, mobility, and muscle endurance, will improve overall technical fitness, prevent football players from being injured and enhance their performance.