• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 1985

1982년(年)부터 1984년도(年度)까지 3년간(年間) 연초(煙草) 재배(栽培)에서 이랑을 폴리에칠렌필름으로 피복(被覆)한 조건(條件)과 피복(被覆)하지 않은 조건(條件)으로 구분(區分)하여 자연기상(自然氣象) 조건(條件)에 따른 재배기간(栽培期間)동안 작토시(作土尸)의 토양온도(土壤溫度)와 토양수분변화(土壤水分變化), 시비(施肥)된 비료(肥料)의 무기화(無機化) 및 무기화(無機化)된 양분(養分)들의 작토시립간동태(作土尸立間動態), 그리고 연초생장반응(煙草生長反應)과 양분흡수(養分吸收)등에 대(對)하여 조사(調査)하였다. 본보(本報)에서는 4월초순(月初旬)부터 5월하순(月下旬)까지 저온기(低溫期)때의 작토시(作土尸)의 토양온도변화(土壤溫度變化)와 밭작물의 생산성(生産性)에 중요(重要)한 영향을 미치는 토양수분변화(土壤水分變化)에 대(對)하여 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하였다. (1) 저온기(低溫期)인 4월(月)과 5월중(月中)의 작토시(作土尸) 15cm깊이의 지온(地溫)은 피복조건(被覆條件)이 무피복조건(無被覆條件)보다 약 $5^{\circ}C$ 높았으며 P.E 필름 피복(被覆)으로 지온(地溫)을 $20^{\circ}C$까지 상승(上昇)시키는데 약 20일(日) 앞당겨졌다. 이와같은 피복(被覆)에 의한 지온상승효과(地溫上昇效果)는 82년(年)~84년(年)동안 년차간(年次間)에 동일(同一)한 경향을 보였다. (2) 피복조건(被覆條件)에서는 수분증발(水分蒸發)이 억제(抑制)되어 재배기간(栽培期間)동안 작토시(作土尸)의 수분변화(水分變化)가 무피복조건(無被覆條件)보다 현저하게 적었다. (3) 연초(煙草)를 재배(栽培)한 경우 작토시(作土尸)의 수분함량(水分含量)은 재배(栽培)하지 않았을 때보다 지상부생장량(地上部生長量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 증산량차이(蒸散量差異)로 인하여 현저하게 낮아졌으며 지상부직물체(地上部稙物體)의 증산작용(蒸散作用)에 의한 토양수분(土壤水分) 소모(消耗)가 지표면증발량(地表面蒸發量)보다 더 크게 작용(作用)하기 시작하는 생체중(生體重)은 약 250g/주(株)이었다. (4) 상당량의 강우량(降雨量)(예(例) : 63.5mm)에서 피복조건(被覆條件)은 P.E 필름의 강우차단효과(降雨遮斷效果)로 인하여 혈간(穴間)이랑부위(部位)의 작토시내(作土尸內)에 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)이 증가(增加)되지 않았다. (5) 한발기때에 소량(少量)의 강우(降雨)(약 20mm) 후(後) 식물체(植物體)의 엽중수분(葉中水分) Potential 변화(變化)는 피복조건(被覆條件)인 경우 강우차단(降雨遮斷)에 의한 낮은 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)때문에 무피복(無被覆) 조건(條件)만큼 크게 증가(增加)되지 못하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.2603-2609
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• 1972

농경지 조건이 트랙터 작업 능율에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대해 연구한 결과 제1차 시험에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) a당 경운 소요시간이 가장 큰 것이 $10{\times}30m$구로서 본 시험에서 길이가 가장 짧은 시험포이며 가장 작은 것이 $20{\times}120m$ 구로서 길이가 가장 긴 시험포이다. 따라서 나비와 길이의 비가 1:6인 경우에 가장 유리하였다. (2) 잔경부분을 최소한도로 감소시키려고는 했으나 제6구에 있어서는 7.52%에 달하여 가장 높은 비율을 나타내었고 제1구에서 3.44%로 나타나 가장 낮은 비율로 나타났다. 이로써 토지이용율을 장방형구획일수록 높음을 알 수 있었다. (3) 그러나 장방형이라 하더라도 나비가 좁을 때는 오히려 이용율이 낮았으며 적어도 나비는 20m 이상이어야 토지이용율은 노ㅠ음을 알 수 있었다. (4) Tractor를 이용해서 경운작업을 할 때에는 그 잔경부분에 대한 처리방법에 대해서 계획을 세우지 않으면 토지이용율면에서나 소요경운시가면서 큰 손실을 면지못함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.330-348
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• 2007

한국의 간척지에서 토양 문제와 농업 용수 관리에 대해 농촌진흥청과 농업기반공사 등에서 이루어진 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 토대로 하여 개관하였다. 한국토양분류와 조사에 의하면, 5개 토양목의 45개 토양통이 서남해안의 하해혼성 또는 해성 퇴적지에 분포하고 있었다. 염포, 문포, 하사, 광활, 포승통이 해안의 간석지에 연접한 하해혼성 퇴적지에 가장 많이 분포하고 있는 토양통들이었다. 염포 등 앞의 4개 토양통은 엔티솔이며, 포승통은 인셉티솔이었다. 포승통과 연접한 부용통 등은 알피솔이었다. 몰리솔인 명지통, 히스토솔인 용호통 등의 분포 면적은 적었다. 염류도 제어와 관리 문제는 높은 지하수위와 미사가 많은 간척지 토양에서 제염 과정에서 생성된 경운 반층에 의한 낮은 투수 속도와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 포장에서 염류의 평가에 있어서 GPS와 결합된 전자장 유도 EM38이 염류도와 포장 변이를 이해하는 데 유용하였다. 심경, 심토 파쇄, 암거에 의한 배수 개선 등은 경운 반층이 형성된 논에서 효과적이었다. 변량 시비와 같은 신기술은 비료를 절감하고 수질에 대한 농업 영향을 감축시킬 가능성이 있었다. 간척지에서 농업용수의 수질은 내륙 수자원의 수질보다 열악하였다. 작물 생육에 알맞은 수질과 함께 목표 수질 달성에 맞추어 갈 수 있는 작물 관리가 필요하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.369-369
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• 2017

To improve the reclaimed land soil, we put organic materials (Chopped kenaf, decomposed rice hull, rice straw, pellet type manure compost) into reclaimed land for 3,000 kg per 10a. As a result, EC of reclaimed soil was lowered by 58% ($1.2dS/m{\rightarrow}0.5$), content of soil organic material was risen from 6.7 g/kg to 16.0 (1.4 fold ${\uparrow}$), porosity of soil was elevated from 1.57 % to 1.31 (16.6% ${\downarrow}$), soil hardness was reduced from 20.2 mm to 17.9 (11.4% ${\downarrow}$) and plow layer soil was deepen from 19.8 cm to 26.8 (35% ${\uparrow}$). In the wake of physiochemical improvement of reclaimed soil, the growth phase of crops became better contrast to non-treatment. For example the plant height of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivated in reclaimed land containing organic materials was lengthen by 18.8%. Especially, the improvment effect of pellet type manure compost and rice straw was more preferable. When the kenaf was cultivated in reclaimed land containing organic materials, the yield was become higher. The average yield of organic materials treatment was 9,218 kg/10a, and it was 2.1 times higher than non-treatment (4,368kg/10a). And the effective treatments to increase yields were pellet type manure compost (10,848 kg/10a, 148% ${\uparrow}$), rice straw (120% ${\uparrow}$) and chopped kenaf (95% ${\uparrow}$). To intensify the effect of physicochemical enhancement of reclaimed land soil and improving yields, we put into various physical types of organic materials (pellet type, liquid type, powdered type). The most effective organic materials type for enhancement of physicochemical properties (EC of reclaimed soil was lowered, content of soil organic material was risen, porosity of soil was elevated, soil hardness was reduced, plow layer soil was deepen) was pellet. And source to maintain better growth phase and get more yield were liquid and pellet types. When we used pellet type organic material, the plant height of kenaf was lengthen by 41% in comparison with non-treatment and yield was more than 122% more. And also liquid type could get more yield (by 127%) and growth phase (by 38%)

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2015

Monitoring of soil fertility by long-term application of fertilizers is necessary to improve the fertility of soil and the productivity of crop. The objective of this study was conducted to investigate the changes of exchangeable Mg by continuous application of fertilizers from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.) and fertilization (NPK, NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS). The concentration of exchangeable Mg in No fert., NPK+C, and NPK+S treatments tended to increase from 1965 to 1975, but decrease gradually from 1976 to 1987, and increase again after 1988. Based on these, the changes of exchangeable Mg were divided into period I ('69 ~'75), period II ('76~'87), and period III ('88~'14). Especially, exchangeable Mg decreased in the period II. This was presumed that a significant amount of Mg from topsoil were leached into subsoil by break of plow pan and some of subsoil was incorporated into topsoil according to change of plowing depth by replacement of tillage machinery. It could be possible that exchangeable Mg in NPK, NPK+S, and NPK+CS was accumulated in the depth of 15~20 cm. For the period III, exchangeable Mg in No fert., NPK, NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS treatments increased at rates of 0.013, 0.018, 0.015, 0.023, and $0.024cmolckg^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Exchangeable Mg level in NPK+S was lower than the other treatments in the period I and period II, but higher than in the period III. This result was attributed to replacement of silicate fertilizer type from wollastonite (Mg 0.3%) to silicate fertilizer (Mg 3%). Also, exchangeable Mg level of No fert. treatment increased, which showed that Mg concentration of irrigated water had the greatest impact on Mg accumulation of soil. Recently, Mg level of irrigated water tended to increase, indicating that Mg concentration of water will affect greatly the concentration of exchangeable Mg of soil in the future. Like these, the changes of exchangeable Mg were greatly influenced by agricultural environment such as plowing depth, plow pan, content of fertilizer, and quality of irrigated water. Considering these agricultural environment, the proper management of soil is needed for the improvement of soil fertility and crop productivity.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1219-1230
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• 2004

Comparing to the gravimetric and volumetric method, the flowmeter calibration based on the master meter method is relatively economical and convenient, especially for high flowrate. The uncertainty of flow quantity and flowrate using the master meter method was evaluated according to the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement). In order to apply for the wider flow range, two master meters (electromagnetic flow meter) were employed as reference flowmeters. The uncertainty of the master meter was obtained by combining the statistical variation of the repeated measurements and the variation of fluid density and pipe material due to temperature and pressure changes were scrutinized. for a practical application, the uncertainty of calibrator, whose measuring capacity of 1000 ㎥/h obtained by employing two 500 ㎥/h electromagnetic How meters, was evaluated. The uncertainty budget shows the quantitative contribution of each uncertainty component to the overall uncertainty of the calibrator. As a result, it was found that the dominant uncertainties were from the master meter, which was evaluated statistically, and from the process of least squares fitting. On the contrary, the uncertainties arising from the variation of the fluid density and the pipe volume due to the temperature and pressure were negligible.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 1998년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

CSCM upwind flux difference splitting compressible Navier-Stokes method has been used to predict the transonic flows in centrifugal compressor diffuser. The modified cyclic TDMA and the mass flux boundary conditions were used as boundary conditions of the diffuser analysis. With the mass flux boundary condition and the $130{\times}80{\times}40$ grid, the compressible upwind Navier-Stokes method predicted the transonic diffuser flowfield successfully. Plow changes in the impeller exit region due to the strong interaction between impeller exit and vaned diffuser, broad flow separation on the suction surface near hub and shroud was observed from the results of the mass flow rates 6.0 and 6.2kg/s at 27000 rpm. The static pressure increased and the total pressure decreased through the flow passage of the channel diffuser, which were predicted better from the three-dimensional analysis than from the two-dimensional analysis due to the strong effect of the three-dimensional flow. The mass averaged loss coefficients and pressure coefficients were also studied.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1990

This study was conducted to estimate the ratio of Repair & Maintenance (R&M) costs to purchasing price that is one of the important factors for calculating the management costs of farm machinery. For this purpose, hour of use and R & M costs of power tiller and its attachments utilized results that were investigated with 400 sample units, 50 units by years of use from 1 to 8 years in 1988. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The ratio of R & M costs per hours and annual R & M costs, accumulated R & M costs when sercice life of power tiller is 7 years were 0.017%, 5.50% and 38.52%, respectively. And in case of rotary, these ratio when its service life is 6 years were 0.072%, 7.16% and 43.0%, respectively. 2. The relationship between accumulated hours of use(t) and accumulated R & M costs(Y) of power tiller and its attachments were $Y=19.3t^{1.3}$ in power tiller, $Y=0.03t^{2.09}$ in plow, $Y=48.84t^{1.25}$ in rotary and $Y=7.45t^{1.15}$ in trailer. 3. The ratio of accumulated R & M costs to purchasing price when service life of power tiller is 7 years was 38.5%, and in case of rotary, this ratio when its service life is 6 years was 43.0%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1985

The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil physico-chemical properties between soils of preplanting fields and 2 years old ginseng fields, and compare the missing plant rate among the 2 years 016 ginseng fields. 1, The missing plant rate of 2 years old ginseng was high in sand loam while low in clay loam soil texture, soil porosity and NO3-N were remarkably increased in 2 years old ginseng field than preplanting soil, as the clay content was increased, soil porosity seemed to be increased but exchangeable nitrogen decreased. 2. The preplanting soil management methods did not significantly influenced on the missing plant rate and soil porosity in 2 years old ginseng fields, However NO3-N content and Fusarium density seemed to be decreased as the plow frequency was increased, exchangeable nitrogen content, whereas, seemed to be increased with more organic matter. 3. Differences of clay content (below 15% and above 20% of clay content) was significantly influenced on soil porosity, bulk density, total nitrogen, organic matter and P2O5 content. 4, Missing rate showed negative correlation with clay, soil moisture, and organic matter content but positive corelation with NO3-N in 2 years old ginseng fields.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.90-101
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• 2004

The present trend of disposing treated sewage water by allowing it to infiltrate the soil brings a new dimension to environmental problems. It is therefore necessary to identify the chemicals likely to be present in treated sewage water. A soil column experiment was conducted to determine the behavior of chemical species in soil columns applied with secondary treated sewage water. To predict the behavior of chemical species, a multicomponent solute transport model that includes the biochemical redox process and cation exchange process was developed. The model computes changes in concentration over time caused by the processes of advection, dispersion, biochemical reactions and cation exchange reactions. The solute transport model was able to predict the behavior of the different chemical species. The model reproduced the sequential reduction reaction. To design the safe depth of plow layer where $NO_3^-$ is totally reduced, a numerical study of $NO_3^-$ leach was done and it was found out that the pore velocity and concentration of $CH_2O$ at the inject water was found to affect $NO_3^-$ reduction in the mobile pore water phase. It is revealed that the multicomponent solute transport model is useful to design the land treatment system for $NO_3^-$ removal from wastewater.