• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1990

Treatment of infected mandibular fractures is confronted with various difficult problem, e.g. eradication of infection and osseous union even in the presence of devastating infection. To solve this problem various methods were proved including exteranal fixation, IMF and plating with some success. Author treated 3 cases of infected mandibular fractures with champy's miniplate. 1. Satisfactory union was obtained in 3 cases. 2. In One case, pus drainage continued even after internal fixation with miniplate, but it was easily controlled using proper antibiotic therapy & drainage. 3. In Case 3, autogenous bone graft was implanted into the infected fracture site to fill defect.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2011

Recently, the plastic resin such as PC, ABS are widely used in IT market. Especially, in most cases the keypads mounted on the mobile phone are the dual-injection-plated type. Environmental regulation is based on the quality of injection-molded products and the minimum process steps are required to avoid the plating defects. Various parameters to produce the injection-molded plastic products make it difficult to obtain the desired stability. However, the past experience and the use of CAE analysis make it possible to predict the problems occurred in injection molding process. Especially, the problems of the weld lines such as runner balancing, bending, deformation and forming defects can be solved systematically and minimized by CAE analysis. Through this study, the non-uniform volumetric shrinkage and the difference in temperature distribution induce the deformation and the high value of stress causes the problems such as crack.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.372-376
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• 1999

The deposited Cu film on the ferrite magnet was more deposited comparing with that on the plastic magnet. The Cu film became thicker on the S pole comparing with that on the N pole in the both of magnets. The thickness and texture coefficient of deposited copper film affected with direction of line of magnetic force. The difference of pole had little or no effect to the texture coefficient of deposited nickel film. The reaction rate on ferrite magnet and S pole was faster comparing with that on plastic magnet and N pole.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2011

Purpose: This study examined the biomechanical stability of four different plating techniques in the experimental model of mandibular subcondyle fracture. Methods: Twenty standardized bovine tibia bone samples ($7{\times}1.5{\times}1.0cm$) were used for this study. Each of the four sets of tibia bone was cut to mimic a perpendicular subcondyle fracture in the center area. The osteotomized tibia bone was fixed using one of four different fixation groups (A,B,C,D). The fixation systems included single 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate (A), single 2.0 mm 4 hole dynamic compression miniplate (B), double fixation with 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate (C), double fixation with a 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate and 2.0 mm 4 hole dynamic compression miniplate (D). A bending force was applied to the experimental model using a pressure machine (858 table top system, $MTS^{(R)}$) until failure occurred. The load for permanent deformation, maximum load of failure were measured in the load displacement curve with the chart recorder. Results: Double fixation with a 2.0 mm 4 hole mini adaption plate and a 2.0 mm 4 hole dynamic compression miniplate (D) applied to the anterior and posterior regions of the subcondyle experimental model showed the highest load to failure. Conclusion: From this study, double fixation with an adaption plate and dynamic compression miniplate fixation technique produced the greatest biomechanical stability. This technique may be considered a useful means of fixation to reduce the postoperative internal maxillary fixation period and achieve early mobility of the jaw.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

Background Bioabsorbable plates and screws are commonly used to reduce maxillofacial bones, particularly in pediatric patients because they degrade completely without complications after bone healing. In this study, we encountered eight cases of a delayed foreign body reaction after surgical fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws. Methods A total of 234 patients with a maxillofacial fracture underwent surgical treatment from March 2006 to October 2013, in which rigid fixation was achieved with the Inion CPS (Inion, Tampere, Finland) plating system in 173 patients and Rapidsorb (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA) in 61 patients. Their mean age was 35.2 years (range, 15-84 years). Most patients were stabilized with two- or three-point fixation at the frontozygomatic suture, infraorbital rim, and anterior wall of the maxilla. Results Complications occurred in eight (3.4%) of 234 patients, including palpable, fixed masses in six patients and focal swelling in two patients. The period from surgical fixation to the onset of symptoms was 9-23 months. Six patients with a mass underwent secondary surgery for mass removal. The masses contained fibrous tissue with a yellow, grainy, cloudy fluid and remnants of an incompletely degraded bioabsorbable plate and screws. Their histological findings demonstrated a foreign body reaction. Conclusions Inadequate degradation of bioabsorbable plates caused a delayed inflammatory foreign body reaction requiring secondary surgery. Therefore, it is prudent to consider the possibility of delayed complications when using bioabsorbable plates and surgeons must conduct longer and closer follow-up observations.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.1532-1536
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• 2007

A plastic substrate with tiny rectangular pillars less than 100nm is injection molded to study pattern replication in injection molding. The size of the substrate is 50mm ${\times}$ 50mm and 1mm thick. The substrate has 9 patterned areas of which size is 2mm ${\times}$ 2mm respectively. The lengths of the pillars are 50nm, 100nm, 150nm and 200nm and the width and height are 50nm and about 100nm respectively. A pattern master is fabricated by e-beam writing using positive PR(photo resist) and then a nickel stamper replicated from the PR master by nickel electro-plating. Cr is deposited on the PR pattern master before nickel electro-plating as a conducting layer. Using this nickel stamper, several injection molding experiments are done to investigate effects of the injection molding parameters such as mold temperature, injection rate, packing pressure or pattern location on the replication of the patterns under 100nm.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

TiN and TiAlN films were deposited on SKD 11 steel substrates by an arc ion plating (AIP) technique. The crystallinity and morphology for the deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of both films were investigated through the indentation, impact, and wear test. Those films fairly adherent to SKD 11 steel substrate, showed hardness values of 2300 $\pm$ 100kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$ and 3200 $\pm$ 100kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$ with a load of 25g, respectively. During impact test, TiAlN films showed much superior impact wear resistance to TiN films. It could be suggested that the TiN films was failed relatively by plastic deformation with oxidation during impact test, while TiAlN films was failed by brittle fracture and resisted the oxidation by the impact energy. The friction coefficient of TiAlN films became lower than that of TiN films at high sliding speed condition although it was higher than that of TiN films at low speed. Therefore, TiAlN films was suggested to be more advantageous than TiN films for high speed machining fields.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

이방성 전도필름(ACF) 접합에 사용되는 니켈 범프를 무전해 및 전해 도금법으로 제작한 다음, 이 범프들의 기계적 특성과 충격안전성을 압축시험, 범프전단시험, 낙하충격시험을 통하여 연구하였다. Nano indenter를 이용한 압축시험에서 얻은 하중-변형량 데이터를 변환시켜 니켈범프의 응력-변형량 곡선을 구하였다. 전해 니켈 범프는 무전해 니켈 범프에 비해 매우 작은 탄성한계응력과 탄성계수를 나타냈었다. 무전해 니켈 범프의 탄성한계응력과 탄성계수가 각각 600-800MPa, $9.7{\times}10^{-3}MPa/nm$인 반면 전해 니켈 범프의 경우에는 각각 70MPa, $7.8{\times}10^4MPa/nm$이었다. 범프전단 시험에서 무전해 니켈 범프는 소성변형이 거의 일어나지 않고 낮은 전단하중에서 범프가 패드 층에서 튕기듯이 떨어져 나간 반면 전해 니켈 범프는 큰 소성변형을 일으키며 범프가 잘려나갔으며 높은 전단하중을 보여주었다. 낙하충격시험 결과 ACF 플립칩 방법으로 본딩한 무전해 및 전해 범프 모두 높은 충격 신뢰성을 보였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2016

In this study, we report the fabrication of functional complex fibers, which have been studied widely globally for numerous applications. Here, we fabricated conductive complex fibers with antibacterial properties by coating metal ions on the surface of plastic (polypropylene) fibers using the electroless and electrochemical deposition. First, we polished the polypropylene melt-blown fiber surface and obtained an absorbing Pd seed layer on its surface. Subsequently, we substituted the Pd with Cu. Bis-3-sulfopropyl-disulfide disodium salt (SPS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and ethylene thiourea (ETU) were used as the brightener, carrier, and leveler, respectively for the electroplating. We focused on most achieving the stable plating condition to remove dendrites, which are normally during electroplating metals so that smooth layer is formed on the fiber surface. The higher the amount of SPS, the higher was the extent of irregular plate-like growth. Many irregularities in the form of round spheres were observed with increase in the amount of PEG and ETU. Hence, when the additives were used separately, a uniform coating could not be obtained. A stable coating was obtained when the three additives were combined and a uniform 5-9 μm thick copper layer with a stable morphology could be obtained around the fiber. We believe that our results can be applied widely to obtain conductive fibers with antibacterial properties and are useful in aiding research on conductive lightweight composite fibers for application in information technology and robotics.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.118-121
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• 2007

Bulk metallic glass (BMG)/crystalline composites comprising a copper based BMG alloy and crystalline nickel were produced by means of eloctroless plating of nickel on $Cu_{54}Zr_{22}Ti_{18}Ni_6$ BMG powder and subsequent consolidation using spark plasma sintering. The plastic deformation behavior of BMG/crystalline composites was examined by uniaxial compression test at various temperatures in the supercooled liquid region (SLR) of the BMG alloy. The evolution of strain states during uniaxial compression was tackled by microstructure observations. Deformation temperature played an important role in the deformation behavior of BMG/crystalline composites, which was attributed to a strong temperature dependence of the flow stress of the BMG alloy in the SLR. BMG/crystalline composites deformed homogenously in the temperature range where the flow stress of the BMG alloy was close to that of crystalline nickel. In contrast, inhomogeneous deformation was observed in the temperature range where the flow stress of the BMG alloy largely differs from that of crystalline nickel.