• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2013

In this study, we used flow a cytometric assay to evaluate plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity in post-thawed sperm that was supplemented with ginsenoside-$Rg_1$. Varying concentrations of ginsenoside-$Rg_1$ (0, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}M/ml$) were used in the extender during cryopreservation to protect the DNA of thawed sperm, thereby increasing the viability and motility rate as evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) method. The results derived from CASA were used to compare the fresh, control, and ginsenoside-$Rg_1$ groups. Sperm motility and the number of progressively motile sperm were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the $50{\mu}M/ml$ ginsenoside-Rg1 group ($61.0{\pm}4.65%$) than in the control ($46.6{\pm}7.02%$), $25{\mu}M/ml$ ($46.2{\pm}4.76%$), and $100{\mu}M/ml$ ginsenoside-$Rg_1$ ($52.0{\pm}1.90%$) groups. However, the velocity distribution of post-thawed sperm did not differ significantly. Membrane integrity and MMP staining as revealed using flow cytometry were significantly (p<0.05) higher ($91.6{\pm}0.82%$) in the $50{\mu}M/ml$ ginsenoside-$Rg_1$ group than in the other groups. Here, we report that ginsenoside-$Rg_1$ affects the motility and viability of boar spermatozoa. Moreover, ginsenoside-$Rg_1$ can be used as a protective additive for the suppression of intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress caused by cryopreservation.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.154-155
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• 1998

Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is widely distributed in animal tissues and has a variety of biological activities. A recent worldwide study demonstrated beneficial effects of taurine on aging and age-associated disorders. In general, taurine levels in the brain decrease when an animal is subjected to pathologic conditions such as ischemia-anoxia and seizure. But taurine levels tend to increase in the brain in hypertention. In the present study, the blood-brain barrier BBB) transport of [$^3$H]taurine was compared between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) using Internal artery carotid perfusion (ICAP) at a rate of 4$m\ell$/min for 10, 15 and 30 second. Calculated V$\_$D/, volume of distribution in brain, and PS, the permeability surface area product of [$^3$H]taurine through the BBB in SHR was a little lower than that in SD. PS for 15s is more higher than that of other seconds in both of them. It could be followed by taurine efflux back into blood after 15s. We also obtained pharmacokinetic parameters using intravenous injection of plasma volume marker, [$\^$14/C]sucrose and [$^3$H] taurine. PS value of [$^3$H]taurine in SHR (16.1 ${\pm}$ 2.9 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-3/ $m\ell$/min/g) was significantly higher than that in SD (7.4 ${\pm}$ 0.8 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-3/ $m\ell$/min/g). There is also significant difference for %ID/g in brain between SHR (0.195 ${\pm}$ 0.031) and SD (0.058 ${\pm}$ 0.003).

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.108-108
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• 1995

Pharmacokinetic studies on time-course of blood levels, tissue distribution, and excretion of G009, a potential hepatoprotective agent, were performed in male rats after a single oral dose(20mg/kg) of $\^$14/C-labelled G009. The radioactivity concentrations in plasma during 0～3 hours are low, but subsequently increase to a maximum at 12 hours after dosing. $\^$14/C-G009 was well distributed to all tissue. Tissue concentration profiles of radioactivity vary among tissues on time-course after administration. G009(single oral dosage) was distributed and/or absorbed at gastric intestines and excretional organs for initial time of 0-7 hours, and distributed to most tissue at 12-24 hours. In special, the concentration of radioactivity in tiller at 48 hours were 1% of total radioactivity of $\^$14/C-G009 administered. The expired air, urinary and fecal excretion of radioactivity within 24hours after administration were 61.5%, 1.9% and 21.2% of total radioactivity of $\^$14/C-G009 administered. The biliary excretion of radioactivity in rat increased slightly for 0-6 hours after administration. The biliary excretion of radioactivity within 48hours were 1.97%.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 우리나라 생활폐기물 대형소각시설(200톤/일 이상) 9개소에서 발생되는 소각재중, 바닥재에 대한 금속류의 용출시험 및 함량시험을 수행하여 유해특성과 유해잠재성을 고찰하였다. 용출시험은 우리나라 폐기물공정시험방법에 따라 수행하였으며, 함량시험은 수은(Hg)의 경우 열분해금아말감원자흡광분광기(TDA-AAS)로 측정하고, 납 등 9개 원소는 US-EPASW-846 3050B방법으로 전처리하고 불꽃원자흡광분광기(FAAS) 또는 유도결합플라스마원자발광분광기(ICP-AES)로 측정하였다. 용출시험 결과, 납과 구리가 주 오염물질이었다. 함량시험결과, 철이 가장 높은 농도로 나타났고 농도는 Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Pb>Cr>As>Cd>Hg 순으로 나타났으며, 각 소각시설마다 농도순이 평균적으로는 같았다.

• 분석과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 1993

닉켈과 크롬 20% 혼합분말을 실험실용 아트리터에서 시간을 달리하여 밀링하였고 입도분포, 미세조직 및 X-레이 회절 특성을 조사하였다. 합금화 상태를 확인하고자 포화자화값과 보자력값을 측정하였고 플라즈마 용해 잉곳 경우와 비교하였다. 기계적 합금화는 분말의 미세화 단계 후 크롬이 닉켈 속으로 확산이 일어나는 계면적의 증가에 의해서 진행하였다. 그러나 15시간 이상 밀링 후 서브 미크론 크기의 결정립으로 정상상태가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 용해 잉곳과 같이 조성적으로 균일한 고용합금의 자성특성이 관찰되지 않았다. 밀링 시간이 길어질수록 결정립의 크기는 미세화되었으며 합금층이 증가하였다. 따라서 조성의 균질화는 분말의 소성변형에 의해서 일어나는 성분분말 사이의 계면적 증가와 계면내에서 입계 또는 전위와 같은 격자결함을 통해 크롬의 닉켈 속으로 확산에 의해서 율속되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

We report a synthesis of non-toxic InP nanocrystals using non-pyrolytic precursors instead of pyrolytic and unstable tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine, a popular precursor for synthesis of InP nanocrystals. In this study, InP nanocrystals are successfully synthesized using hexaethyl phosphorous triamide (HPT) and the synthesized InP nanocrystals showed a broad and weak photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. As synthesized InP nanocrystals are subjected to further surface modification process to enhance their stability and photoluminescence. Surface modification of InP nanocrystals is done at $230^{\circ}C$ using 1-dodecanethiol, zinc acetate and fatty acid as sources of ZnS shell. After surface modification, the synthesized InP/ZnS nanocrystals show intense PL spectra centered at the emission wavelength 612 nm through 633 nm. The synthesized InP/ZnS core/shell structure is confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). After surface modification, InP/ZnS nanocrystals having narrow particle size distribution are observed by Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). In contrast to uncapped InP nanocrystals, InP/ZnS nanocrystals treated with a newly developed surface modified procedure show highly enhanced PL spectra with quantum yield of 47%.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

Applications of liposomes as a drug carrier for the oral delivery of poorly-absorbable macromolecular drugs have been limited, because of their instability in gastrointestinal environments including pH, bile salts, and digestive enzymes. Two polysaccharides, dextran(DX) and pullulan(PL), were introduced to the preformed liposomes in order to enhance the stability. Palmitoyl derivatives of polysaccharides, palmitoyldextran(PalDX) and palmitoylpullulan(PalPL), were synthesizd and introduced to the liposomes during preparation for the same purpose of stability. The effects of these polysaccharides coating were evaluated basically by physical properties of particle size distribution and optical microscopy, then compared with uncoated liposomes by the observations of both in vitro stability and in vovo absorption characteristics. The geometric mean diameters of polysaccharide-coated liposomes were greater than that of uncoated liposome, showing the outermost polysaccharide-coated layer under the optical microscopy. In vitro stabilities of uncoated or polysaccharides-coated liposomes were measured by turbidity changes in various pH buffer solutions containing sodium choleate as bile salts. While uncoated liposome was very sensitive to bile salts, polysaccharides-coated liposomes were stable in relatively higher concentrations of sodium choleate, giving the results of better stability of PalDX- and PalPL-coated liposomes than that of DX- and PL-coated liposomes. After liposomal encapsulation of acyclovir(ACV), an antiviral agent as a model drug, it has been administered orally to rats as dose of ACV 40 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of ACV were assayed by HPLC and analyzed by model-independent pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax, tmax, and [AUC] have been compared.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 1996

One hundred of thirty volcanic rocks col1ected from the Jeju island， Jeongog， Guryongpo and other areas were analyzed for major elements and trace elements with Au by inductively coupled argon plasma and graphite furnace atomic absorptiom spectrometry. The Au content is the highest values (0.2~43.4 ppb, average; 10.34 ppb) from the Jeju island volcanic rocks and the lowest (0.5~11.0 ppb, average; 1.23 ppb) from the Guryongpo volcanic area. The content of Au tends to be higher in the Quarternary volcanic rocks than Tertiary or Cretaceous volcanic rocks. The Au content of the calc alkali volcanic rocks tends to increase from mafic to felsic volcanic rocks, but that of the alkalic volcanic rocks tends to increase from felsic to mafic volcanic rocks. The Au content of the volcanic rocks collected from the Jeju island shows the highest values in the feldspar olivine basalts. Elements or oxides which have positive or negative correlations with Au are Ag, Mo, Rb, V, Y, $K_2O$, MgO and $SiO_2$, but other elements analyzed are not shown correlations with Au. It has a tendency to show that samples from the Jeju with 5 ppb gold and more are plotted in the non-Dupal area and those with less than 5 ppb gold in the Dupal area, while those from the Jeongog with 5 ppb gold and more are plotted in the Dupal area and those with less than 5 ppb gold in the non-Dupal area, in the Ba/Nb-La/Nb, Zr/Nb-Ba/Nb diagrams. It shows that samples from the Jeju and Guryongpo with high gold content are plotted in the within-plate, while those with low gold content are plotted in the arc-related area, and those from the Jeongog are scattered in the $TiO_2-Al_2O_3$, $Zr/A1_2O_3-TiO_2/Al_2O_3$ diagrams.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2006

Phosphoinositides are critical regulators of ion channel and transporter activity. There are multiple isomers of biologically active phosphoinositides in the plasma membrane and the different lipid species are non-randomly distributed. However, the mechanism by which cells impose selectivity and directionality on lipid movements and so generate a non-random lipid distribution remains unclear. In the present study we investigated which structural elements of phosphoinositides are responsible for their subcellular location and movement. We incubated phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PI(4)P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ($PI(4,5)P_2$) with short or long acyl chains in CHO and HEK cells. We show that phosphate number and acyl chain length determine cellular location and translocation movement. In CHO cells, $PI(4,5)P_2$ with a long acyl chain was released into the cytosol easily because of a low partition coefficient whereas long chain PI was released more slowly because of a high partition coefficient. In HEK cells, the cellular location and translocation movement of PI were similar to those of PI in CHO cells, whereas those of $PI(4,5)P_2$ were different; some mechanism restricted the translocation movement of $PI(4,5)P_2$, and this is in good agreement with the extremely low lateral diffusion of $PI(4,5)P_2$. In contrast to the dependence on the number of phosphates of the phospholipid head group of long acyl chain analogs, short acyl chain phospholipids easily undergo translocation movement regardless of cell type and number of phosphates in the lipid headgroup.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.163-181
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• 2017

In the field of orofacial surgery, a red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) is occasionally required during double jaw and oral cancer surgery. However, the question remains whether the effect of RBCT during the perioperative period is beneficial or harmful. The answer to this question remains challenging. In the field of orofacial surgery, transfusion is performed for the purpose of oxygen transfer to hypoxic tissues and plasma volume expansion when there is bleeding. However, there are various risks, such as infectious complications (viral and bacterial), transfusion-related acute lung injury, ABO and non-ABO associated hemolytic transfusion reactions, febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease, transfusion associated circulatory overload, and hypersensitivity transfusion reaction including anaphylaxis and transfusion-related immune-modulation. Many studies and guidelines have suggested RBCT is considered when hemoglobin levels recorded are 7 g/dL for general patients and 8-9 g/dL for patients with cardiovascular disease or hemodynamically unstable patients. However, RBCT is occasionally an essential treatment during surgeries and it is often required in emergency cases. We need to comprehensively consider postoperative bleeding, different clinical situations, the level of intra- and postoperative patient monitoring, and various problems that may arise from a transfusion, in the perspective of patient safety. Since orofacial surgery has an especially high risk of bleeding due to the complex structures involved and the extensive vascular distribution, measures to prevent bleeding should be taken and the conditions for a transfusion should be optimized and appropriate in order to promote patient safety.