• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 1996

The biological magnification of Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe in vascular plant, Persicaria thunbergii, Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata natually grown at the river and riverside and relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in these vascular plants and in the soil were investigated in the Chonju river, Chonju city. The biological magnification values of these metals in P thunbergii were founded as follows ; Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were 80.4~254.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 284.6~688.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 635.5~1979.4$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 1160.0~3590.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g respectively. In the case of T. japonica, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe were 107.8~306.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 282.7~963.0p$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1328.3~3546.$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 656.8~9944.0$mu\textrm{g}$/g and in N. peltata, 140.1~ 193.9$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 187.7~327.3$mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1126.6~1723.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g and 611.7~1914.6$mu\textrm{g}$/g respectively. The amount of the biological magnification of heavy metals in the leaf, stem and root of these plants was generally increased in the sequence of leaf

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2022

This study was carried out to produce two-flowered seedlings, harvest them early in a greenhouse, and extend the harvest period. This study was carried out to effectively produce the second truss blooming seedlings to harvest tomatoes early and extend the harvest period. For production of the second truss blooming seedlings (one stem), the nutrient solution EC was supplied at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 dS·m^-1, and dynamic management (3.0 → 3.5 → 4.5 dS·m^-1). The seedling period was 60 days, which was 20-40 days longer than conventional seedlings, and 10 days longer than the first truss blooming seedlings (cube seedlings). The plant height was 78 and 77 cm in EC 2.5 dS·m^-1 and dynamic management respectively, which was shorter than EC 1.5 dS·m^-1 with 88 cm. As for the EC in the cube before formulation, dynamic management had the highest EC 5.5 dS·m^-1, and the cube supplied with EC 1.5 dS·m^-1 had the lowest. The production yield by treatment did not a difference among in the second truss blooming seedlings, but the first truss blooming seedlings showed lower productivity than second truss blooming seedlings. The second truss blooming seedling were harvested 35 days after planting on June 4, the first harvest date, and the first truss blooming were harvested in 42 days on June 11th. There was no difference in plant height and root growth due to bending at frequency planting. In the study on the production of the second truss blooming seedlings (two stem), the nutrient solution EC was supplied under 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 dS·m^-1, and dynamic management (3.0 → 3.5 → 4.5 dS·m^-1). The seedling period was 90 days, which was 40-50 days longer than conventional seedlings and 10 days longer than the first truss blooming seedlings (cube seedlings). Plant height was 80 and 81 cm in EC 2.0 dS·m^-1 and 2.5 dS·m^-1 respectively, but was the shortest at 73 cm in dynamic management. EC in the medium increased as the seeding period increased in all treatments. The dynamic management was the highest with EC 5.1 dS·m^-1. There was no difference in yield among EC treatments in the second truss blooming seedlings, which had a longer seeding period of about 10 days, produced 15% more than the first truss blooming seedlings. In order to shorten the plant height of the second truss blooming seedlings, it is judged that the most efficient method is increasing the concentration of nutrient solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1979

In order to substract the time and cost of propagation for inducing the haploid plants per each species. 500 anthers of late uninucleate microspore on early binucleate microspore stage of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fuel tree) Punius granatum (Ornamental tree). Aleurites fordii (Faty tree) and Styrax japonica (Silvicultural tree) were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with Kinetin, 2.4-D and NAA as growth regulators. And I observed the samples of cultured anthers under the microscope which were made by Microtoming method and Paraffin method. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Among 500 cultured anthers per each species, anther numbers inducing the diploid callus were as follow: Styrax japonica 20 (4% for the species total); Aleurites fordii 10 (2% for the species, total) and Punica granatum 45 (9% for the species total) were showed. 2) 2n Callus were induced from anther wall. but haploid callus were induced from anther locule. 3) Haploid callus were induced only in 25 anthers (5% for the species total) of Robinia pseudoacacia. 4) These haploid callus were not originated from body cell of anther wall tissue, but from reduced microspores, 5) Since already reported many herbaceous haploid plants were induced from the callus which were originated from reduced microspores, I conclude that the anther of woody plant which induced the haploid callus also will be cultured haploid plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of several substrates and ratio of NO3--N to NH4--N in nutrient solution on growth, yield and mineral uptake of sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) in bag culture. The content of minerals such as P, K, Ca and Mg showed difference in concentration among media: P and Mg were the highest in vermiculite in vermiculti+rice hull, K in perlite+vermiculite and Ca in perlite+peatmoss; with the lowest in the single perlite medium respectively, Ca of mineral made fairly higest level in concentration compared with the others in all of the media. The concentration of mineral content was lower in the ratio of 8:2 than that of 10:0. Admitting that the pH made difference depending on the kind of substrates and ratios of NO3--N to NH4--N. The pH of 10:0 ratio in all the substrates was higher and more stable than that of 8:2. The range of EC in all the substrates showed from 1.78ds·m-1 to 2.10 ds·m-1, which was optimum range for growth of sweet pepper, and range of EC is larger in 8:2 ratio than that in 10:0 ratio. Plant height and stem diameter were nothing to do with the kind of substrates, but leaf area was the largest at vermiculite+rice hull of the 8:2 ratio, fresh and dry weights were heavier at peatmoss+carbonized rice hull, but were the lightest at perlite. All indexes related to the growth which had something to do with the kind of substrates higher in 8:2 ratio than those in 10:0 ratio. The number of fruit and fresh weight related to the ratio of the 8:2 were the highest as 17.5 at vermiculite+rice hull with 1,588g of fresh weight, while the yield from perlite was the lowest. The number of fruit was the highest as 16.4 at virmiculite+rice hull, yield was the higest as 1,394a at perlite+ peatmoss. The yield of 8:2 ratio at all substrates was higher than that of 10:0 ratio. Of the mineral content related to the plant part, K+ and Mg2+ were higher in concentration at leaf; Ca2+ were higher at root; PO4- was higher at stem and fruit; The content of mineral showed no difference between the ratio of the 8:2 and the ratio of the 10:0 with no regrading to the difference of mineral content among substrates; and K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ uptake of sweet pepper were higher at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2; 2while PO4- uptake of sweet pepper was lower at 10:0 ratio than that of 8:2 ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.81-97
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine what people in Korea recognize the cultural symbolism and the planting patterns of 'Guǐmok', pagoda tree(Sophora japonica). The species planted in the 'Guǐjeong' was empirically investigated and analyzed to determine which species of pagoda tree or Zelkova tree(Zelkova serrata) was taken through literature surveys, field surveys, and interviews with persons. This 'Guǐjeong' was combined to track how the culture of the 'Guǐmok' planting introduced in China was ultimately accepted and transformed in Korea. In this study, we tried to analyze the meaning implicit in the mystery while checking the distribution of the mystery and the form of the mystery, the name of the pavilion and its relevance to the contrast medium. Essentially, the trees that govern the characterization of the nectar plant, regardless of the region, are considered to be a pagoda tree, which is considered an internal factor in which the pagoda tree culture was not completely transformed into a zelkova tree. It was recognized throughout the Joseon Dynasty that the species representing 'Prime ministers(三公)' was judged from all the Joseon Dynasty periods, based on the builder of Guǐjeong's Aho(雅號) and Dangho(堂號). It was confirmed that the tree was very likely to be planted in place of the painting tree. But now is selectively zelkova tree is in accordance with the preparation of planting site conditions and areas on behalf of the Change is very high probability that is planted. Cultural variables that led to the cultural transformation of the 'Guǐmok' seem to have been deeply involved in the geographical space of China and Korea, Confucian practices of the Choson society, comings and goings and letter bridge, and network strength with China through the book spread. In addition, the culture of 'Guǐmok' is presumed to have led to cultural custom of the upper class, not the whole class, in the Yeongnam region, it can be said that the independent adaptation to act to recognize 'Guǐmok' as a pagoda tree, that is a Sophora japonica, has occurred very strongly. The difference between the cultural areas of Yeongnam and non-Yeongnam is also considered to be an internal factor that has played a major role in the cultural transformation of planting of 'Guǐmok'.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.292-297
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• 2006

A research was carried out to investigate the release pattern of slow release nitrogen fertilizer compound(SRNC) that is latex coated urea(LCU) and to recommend the application rate of the fertilizer at dry seeding rice culture in Honam plain area. The experiment was conducted at experimental field(Jeonbug series, fine silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) of National Honam Agricultural Research Institute. A medium late maturing rice variety (Dongjinbyeo) was seeded at the rate of $60kg\;ha^{-1}$ by drill seeder on April 1, 1997 and March 30, 1998. Fertilizer application rate was $160-90-110kg\;ha^{-1}$ for $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$. Soil ammonium nitrate($NH_4-N$) contents remained higher in all SRNC plots than conventional ones and higher with the increase of SRNC application rate until panicle formation stage, but the contents was higher in the conventional than NRNC plots at the heading stage. The plant hight was taller in SRNC than conventional plots until maximum tiller stage, but became similar in both conventional and SRNC plots at heading stage. The culm and panicle number was greater in SRNC than conventional plots throughout all growth stage, but the effective tiller rate was higher in conventional ones. Nitrogen efficiency was higher in the SRNC than conventional plots, but the efficiency was decreasing with the higher SRNC level. The spikelet number per unit area was greater in SRNC than conventional plots, and increased with higher SRNC level. The more spikelet number with higher NRNC level resulted in lower 1,000-grain weight. The rice yield in conventional plot was similar with only 60% SRNC level, but lower than 80% and 100% SRNC levels. However, slight lodging was observed in 100% SRNC level. In conclusions, we recommend NRNC application level as 80% of standard nitrogen application for early dry seeding culture of rice Honam plain area.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2011

'Cheongdam' is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between SR19200-HB826-34, a line of good germination ability and shoot emergence at low temperature and Juanbyeo, good quality and direct-seeding adaptable cultivar by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2006. This variety has 153 days of total growth duration from seeding to maturity in direct-seeding, and 160 days of growth duration from seeding to maturity in transplanting. This is erect plant type with culm length of 74 cm, thick culm, and green leaves. It has large panicle shape with 126 and 140 spikelets per panicle in direct-seeding and transplanting, respectively. Milled rice is transluscent and medium in grain size of non-glutinous endosperm. This variety is susceptible to leaf and neck blast, bacterial blight, stripe virus disease and brown planthopper. The yield potential of 'Cheongdam' is 5.84 MT/ha at ordinary transplanting culture and 5.62 MT/ha and 5.89 MT/ha at wet direct-seeding and dry direct-seeding cultures, respectively in the local adaptability test for three years. 'Cheongdam' would be adaptable to middle and southern plain of Korea for direct-seeding culture and transplanting rice culture.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.3 s.44
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• pp.163-168
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• 1980

The antibiotic bacterium JS7901, one of the eighty three antibiotic microorganisms which have been is elated in the surburbs of CheongJu-city, showed the most effective antimicrobial activities against test organisms, both bacteria and fungi. Among the different culture media Soytone Sugar medium was the most effective for growth and activity of the JS7901 antibiotic bacterium a against both Escherichia coli and Staphyllococcus aureus by the cylinder plate method. The higher the sugar content, was, the greater the antibiotic amount of substances of JS7901 were produced in the soytone sugar media. The antibiotic bacterium, JS7901 appeared to have a broad activity spectrum showing inhibition in Vitro against gram positive and negative bacteria and plant disease fungi. In general, the active substances were not transferred into organic solvents. Only a small portion of the activity was transferred into ethyl ether and was also adsorbed to active carbon when the cultured broth was also adsorbed to active carbon when the cultured broth was at $pH\;2.0\~4.0$. On adjusting at pH 8.0, the activity disappeared. The crude active substances could be obtained by means of vacuum drying method and still shelved strong activity. The dried active rake was solved by solvents and crystallized into various shapes. The active substances were developed on the silica gel plate in the solvent system of n-butanol-acetic acid-water(3 : 1 : 1) and gave 5 pinkish colored spots when sprayed with $0.2\%$ ninhydrine in ethanol. The upper 5th spot, which was the result of using disc plate method with Escherichia coli was the strongest of these spots.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2003

An allium rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica AL-1 was previously selected as a biocontrol agent of allium white rot. The chitinase from S. plymuthica AL-1 produced in medium containing colloidal chitin was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (40~70%), affinity adsorption, column chromatography on DEAE-sephadex A-50 and sephadex C-200 gel filtration. The enzyme was purified 10.8-fold with a yield of 7.3% from the starting culture broth. The purified chtinase gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it's molecular weight was estimated to be 55 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were pH 5.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively and it is stable up to $50^{\circ}C$ and maintains around 90% of its activity for 60min. The enzyme were activated by $Ca^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ and inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$, SDS, $\rho$-CMB, MIA, respectively. The purified chitinase showed broad spectrum of antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi Sclerotium cepivoruin, Alternana alternnta, Colletotrichum glceosporioidrs, Phoma sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium solani, Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. niveum but rarely inhibited Phytophthora capsici and Pythium ultimum.. The purified chitinase from S. plymuthica AL-1 caused swelling, lysis, deceleration and degradation of the hyphal tips of S. sczerotiorum causing allium white rot. It suggest that S. prymuthica AL-1 chitinase play an important part in the bifunctional chitinase / lysozyme activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.4
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• pp.522-526
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• 2000

We tried to mass-propagate Prunus yedoensis from Jeju through tissue culture. We investigated the effect of bud collection time, the concentration of $NH_4NO_3$ in media and plant growth regulators(BAP, $GA_3$ and IBA) on the differentiation of winter buds. Buds, taken in February, flushed well regardless of various in vitro conditions. Bud flushing rate was significantly different depending on the collection time. BAP appeared to be effective on bud flushing. Sixty percent of buds taken in October flushed on the media containing $3.0mg/{\ell}$ BAR. No buds flushed on the medium supplemented with IBA. Buds, after flushing in BAP media, grew as foliated shoots and showed a rosette of leaves. When $GA_3$ supplemented to the BAP-containing media as a higher concentration than that of BAP, shoots elongated and developed into normal shoots. The combination of BAP $1.0mg/{\ell}$ and $GA_3$ $2.0mg/{\ell}$ is most recommendable for shoot elongation.