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A Study on the Acculturation of Guǐmok(槐木) Plantings through the Remaining Species of Guǐjeong(槐亭)

괴정(槐亭)의 잔존 수종을 통해 본 괴목(槐木) 식재의 문화변용

  • Received : 2019.11.26
  • Accepted : 2019.12.16
  • Published : 2019.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine what people in Korea recognize the cultural symbolism and the planting patterns of 'Guǐmok', pagoda tree(Sophora japonica). The species planted in the 'Guǐjeong' was empirically investigated and analyzed to determine which species of pagoda tree or Zelkova tree(Zelkova serrata) was taken through literature surveys, field surveys, and interviews with persons. This 'Guǐjeong' was combined to track how the culture of the 'Guǐmok' planting introduced in China was ultimately accepted and transformed in Korea. In this study, we tried to analyze the meaning implicit in the mystery while checking the distribution of the mystery and the form of the mystery, the name of the pavilion and its relevance to the contrast medium. Essentially, the trees that govern the characterization of the nectar plant, regardless of the region, are considered to be a pagoda tree, which is considered an internal factor in which the pagoda tree culture was not completely transformed into a zelkova tree. It was recognized throughout the Joseon Dynasty that the species representing 'Prime ministers(三公)' was judged from all the Joseon Dynasty periods, based on the builder of Guǐjeong's Aho(雅號) and Dangho(堂號). It was confirmed that the tree was very likely to be planted in place of the painting tree. But now is selectively zelkova tree is in accordance with the preparation of planting site conditions and areas on behalf of the Change is very high probability that is planted. Cultural variables that led to the cultural transformation of the 'Guǐmok' seem to have been deeply involved in the geographical space of China and Korea, Confucian practices of the Choson society, comings and goings and letter bridge, and network strength with China through the book spread. In addition, the culture of 'Guǐmok' is presumed to have led to cultural custom of the upper class, not the whole class, in the Yeongnam region, it can be said that the independent adaptation to act to recognize 'Guǐmok' as a pagoda tree, that is a Sophora japonica, has occurred very strongly. The difference between the cultural areas of Yeongnam and non-Yeongnam is also considered to be an internal factor that has played a major role in the cultural transformation of planting of 'Guǐmok'.

'괴(槐)'를 전부지명소로 하는 괴정(槐亭)과 그 주변에 잔존하는 괴목(槐木)에 대한 문헌 및 현장조사 그리고 인터뷰 등을 통해 실제 괴정에 존재했던 수목 등을 파악함으로써, 회화나무와 느티나무의 문화변용(文化變容) 실태와 그 변용을 이끈 요인과 사유방식을 추적할 목적으로 시도된 본 연구의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서는 괴정의 분포와 형태 그리고 정자 명칭과 조영자와의 관련성 등을 확인하는 한편 괴정에 내포된 의미 분석을 시도하였다. 핵심적으로 괴정 주변의 잔존 수종과는 관련 없이 괴목 식재의 표상성을 지배하는 수목은 지역에 관계없이 회화나무인 것으로 판단되었는바 이는 회화나무 문화가 느티나무로 완전히 변용되지 못하고 수용된 내면적 요인으로 간주된다. 괴정 조영자의 아호나 당호 등을 근거로 판단할 때 '삼괴' 또는 '삼공'을 표상하는 수종이 회화나무였음은 조선시대 전(全) 시대에 걸쳐 인식되었으나 지역 및 식재지 여건에 따라 선별적으로 느티나무가 회화나무를 대신하여 변용 식재되었을 확률이 매우 높음이 확인되었다. 괴정에 잔존하는 괴목은 느티나무와 회화나무였으나 전국적으로 괴목을 표상하는 나무는 느티나무가 우월한 점이 밝혀졌다. 이는 일종의 문화변용의 사례로 간주할 수 있으나 그렇다고 지역적으로 완전한 문화변용이 이루어진 것은 아닌 것으로 보인다. 영남권에서는 비영남권과 달리 화화나무를 괴목으로 의식한 정황이 확연히 드러난 것이 이를 반증한다. 괴목의 문화변용을 이끈 문화적 변수로는 중국과 한국이라는 지리적 공간, 조선사회의 유교적 관행 그리고 왕래 및 서신교류, 서적 전파를 통한 중국과의 네트워크 강도 등이 깊이 개재된 것으로 보인다. 또한 괴목 문화는 전 계층이 아닌 상류계층의 문화관습으로 이어져 온 것으로 추정되는바 영남권에서는 괴목을 훼나무 즉 회화나무로 인식하고자 행동화 하는 독자적 적응이 매우 강하게 일어났다고 볼 수 있다. 영남과 비영남지역이라는 문화권역의 차이 또한 괴목 식재의 내부적 문화변동 요인으로 간주된다.

Keywords

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