• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2002

The physical and chemical properties of cover soils of 10 waste landfill sites in Kyonggi-Do area, where social circumstances at present forces to consider the reuse of landfill, were investigated to provide the informations of soil environment which are necessary to establish the appropriate ecological restoration plan of waste landfills. The pH and electrical conductivity of soils were higher in landfills sites than in reference sites (area around landfill sites), indicating the salt accumulation in surface soil. However, total-N and organic matter contents were lower in landfills sites than in reference sites. In landfill sites, the total-N and plant available-P contents were less than 0.15% and 20mg/kg, respectively. Exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg and Na) and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents varied between the landfill sites, but were higher in landfills sites than in reference sites. The major exchangeable cation of soil was Ca. Heavy metal contents were much lower than the critical concentration which phytotoxicity is considered to be possible and the standard for agricultural land of Korean Soil Environmental Preservation Act. Therefore, the proper soil management plan to increase the soil fertility is recommended for the ecological restoration of landfill using natural or artificial vegetation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2013

An exceptional case of inhabitation of a Sphagnum sp. was firstly confirmed at abandoned paddy terrace (APT) wetland in Ansan. Water sampling for analyzing of physicochemical conditions including nutrients such as NP, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ was performed and the vegetation map for distribution of Sphagnum sp., topographical map, and flora list for companion species were made at field in June 2011. From the results, the Sphagnum sp. in the study site was identified as S. palustre and it covered about 8% of the wetland cover of 3,200 $m^2$. Most distributions of S. palustre were observed at tussock structures as micro-topography by sedges and grasses within a wetland (74%) and the shaded slope area under Pinus densiflora's canopy in wetland boundary (26%). Despite that APT in Ansan is relatively lower wetland in altitude than high moors, the contents of calcium ($0.45{\pm}0.2$) and magnesium ($1.48{\pm}0.6$) ion which are critical limiting factors for Sphagnum spp. were very low levels as well as NP ($PO_4$-P, $0.02{\pm}0.0$; $NO_3$-N, $0.25{\pm}0.3$; $NH_4$-N, $0.06{\pm}0.1$) and it could enable the inhabitation of S. palustre in lower APT.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2018

This study presents the flow response and habitat region of the aquatic plants in the urban streams. Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria blumei and Persicaria thunbergii were selected as for typical plants. Flow response and habitat region were determined by flow velocity/depth and vegetation growth. Stages for flow response of the aquatic plants were classified into stable, recovered, damaged and swept away. Criteria between the recovered and damaged stage was determined by the bending angle of $30{\sim}50^{\circ}$. Capability against flow was high in the order of Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria blumei and Persicaria thunbergi. Phragmites japonica and Phragmites communis were capable of coping with flow depth 0.9 m, flow velocity 1.5 m/s and with flow depth 1.0 m, flow velocity 0.9 m/s, respectively. Miscanthus sacchariflorus was capable within the region of flow depth 1.0 m and flow velocity 0.6 m/s. Persicaria blumei and Persicaria thunbergii were less capable than the other aquatic plants and were vulnerable exceeding the water depth of 1.0 m. Habitat regions by the flow response of each plants were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 1987

The study was conducted to interprete the fluctuation of weed vegetation in plant-sociological impacts as affected by the mixture use of oxyfluorfen and glyphosate with various dosages. Also, intended to know the real interaction between two herbicides in weeding efficacies. The better efficacy from the above mixture was recognized than from the oxyfluorfen + paraquat mixture on the perennial-sites. In lower rate mixture of oxyfluorfen, the dominance index was increased by the annual grass species (ie. Digitaria), and of glyphosate by the biennial Stellaria and perennial species (ie. Artemisia). Also, the positive maximum action of both oxyfluorfen and glyphosate in various mixture rates was categorized upto 0.55kg ai/ha for oxyfluorfen and 0.35kg ai/ha for glyphosate, respectively. However, the interaction between the above two herbicides recognized actually as negative. Consequently, the use of mixture compound of oxyfluorfen with glyphosate are expected rather to promote the control efficacy of specific weed species, to enlarge the weeding spectrum and to prolong the weeding periods than to reduce the application rate of both chemicals depending on any synergic interactions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1983

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of seasonal changes and location differences on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites Communis Trinius). The samples of reed were taken at about 30-days interval from May to October, 1982, on the open field of the reclaimed land, the river bank and the tideland in Chonnam area, and measured the yield, the feed compositions and in vitro dry-matter digestibility(IVD). The results are summarized as follow: 1. Plant height was rapidly heightened in May and June, and the number of leaves rapidly increased from May to August. However, dry matter yield increased until September and gradually decreased thereafter. 2. In general, the content of crude protein and the in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased with ageing, and the content of fiber increased. 3. Considerable difference by location in the chemical composition including $SiO_2$, Ca and P was observed. 4. There was a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between the content of crude protein and that of crude fiber. There was a significant positive correlation(p<0.05) between the in vitro dry-matter digestibility(IVD) by two-stage method and the content of crude protein, and also was a significant negative correlation(p<0.05) between the content of fiber and that of crude protein.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2021

Biopolymers have been known as eco-friendly soil strengthening materials and studied to apply levees. However, the effect of biopolymer on vegetation is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the root growth of Camelina sativa L. (Camelina) when the xanthan gum was amended to soil in Aluminum (Al) stress conditions. Amendment of 0.05% xanthan gum increased root growth of Camelina under Al stress conditions. Under the Al stress condition, expression of aluminum activate malate transporter 1 (ALMT1) gene of Camelina root was induced but showed a lower level of expression in xanthan gum amended soil than non-amended soil. Additionally, the binding capacity of xanthan gum with Al ions in the solution was confirmed. Using morin staining and ICP-OES analysis, the Al content of the roots in the xanthan gum soil was lower than in the non-xanthan gum soil. These results suggest that xanthan gum amended soils may reduce the detrimental effects of Al on the roots and positively affect the growth of plants. Therefore, xanthan gum is not only an eco-friendly construction material but also can protect the roots in the disadvantageous environment of the plant.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.100-116
• /
• 2019

Urban green spaces, as a means to mitigate social problems and environmental risks, are getting more attention in evaluating urban environment. The inequity of green space distribution is becoming a major issue in urban planning and management. This study investigated the characteristics of green space in 3 districts (Jung-gu, Dongdaemun-gu, Seongdong-gu), that are composed of 46 administrative divisions in central Seoul, to analyze the environmental equity of urban green spaces. The correlations between the amount of green space, including the coverage of street trees, and the socioeconomic status of each administrative division were analyzed. To deduce the effects of plant coverage on the urban temperature regime, the relationship between the normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) was analyzed. The research revealed that the mean NDVI of an administrative division was negatively correlated with the percentage of basic living recipients and disabled people. The LST of a division with low NDVI was higher due to the lack of green coverage. Such environmental inequities were closely related to residential building type, which was strongly affected by the economic status of residents. The LST of an apartment area was $2.0^{\circ}C$ lower than that of single-family houses and multi-housing areas. This is expected as the average NDVI of the apartment area was more than twice as high as the other environments considered in this study. The inequity can be exacerbated without urban planning which is deliberately designed to reduce it.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2019

LID(Low Impact Development) facility classified as a social infrastructure can maintain landscape sustainability and functional sustainability through continuous maintenance and management. Since LID is a natural-based solution, the sustainability can be secured through the management of weeds, wastes and vegetation. The LID facility is distributed in the city and is an infrastructure that can be managed through citizen participation because of simple maintenance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the maintenance factors affecting the sustainability of the LID facilities and to suggest measures for maintenance by investigating the participation of the peoples. The factors for landscape sustainability were derived to waste and weed management. Also the factors for functional sustainability were assessed to identification and management of dead bodies and selection of applicable soil and plant species. The citizens showed high agreement of more than 80% in the questionnaires on expanding and managing LID facilities, enacting LID ordinances, and participating in the national movement. The intention to participate in LID management linked to jobs was about 64%, indicating that LID could become a job for the vulnerable. Maintenance of the LID can easily be carried out by non-specialists, which can lead to citizen participation with low cost for each facility. The maintenance cost for citizen participation can be allocated from the social infrastructure management cost reduced by LID application of the local government and the social welfare budget of the central government.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.86-106
• /
• 2019

We investigated the environmental conditions of natural habitats of T. nuda. The species was found on rocky northern hills ($60{\sim}90^{\circ}$) near the stream where the sea level ranges 95~145m. The average annual temperature of the habitats was lower than other places of South Korea. The differences of the lowest and the highest of the year was significantly huge than any other places. Plants were growing at the edge of stream that water reached but not submerged. Most of plants were found in North, Northeast or Northwest. It is suggested that these species require moist and low sunlight for growth. The common vegetation along with the T. nuda includes Mukdenia rossii, Selaginella rossii, Calamagrostis epigeios, and Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense. The dominance values and sociability of T. nuda were below 3 in all studied habitats and the variance of the number of individuals among the habitats was very high. As the optimum habitats for the T. nuda are decreasing due to the extreme precipitation patterns. It is also expected that the number of T. nuda will be decreased in the future. Therefore restoration activity in situ or ex situ must be conducted to conserve this valuable plant species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.109 no.4
• /
• pp.361-370
• /
• 2020

Long-term observation of the life cycle of plants allows the identification of critical signals of the effects of climate change on plants. Indeed, plant phenology is the simplest approach to detect climate change. Observation of seasonal changes in plants using digital repeat imaging helps in overcoming the limitations of both traditional methods and satellite remote sensing. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of camera-based repeat digital imaging in this context. We observed the biological events of plants and quantified their phenophases in the northern temperate type deciduous broadleaf forest of Jeombong Mountain. This study aimed to identify trends in seasonal characteristics of Quercus mongolica (deciduous broadleaf forest) and Pinus densiflora (evergreen coniferous forest). The vegetation index, green chromatic coordinate (GCC), was calculated from the RGB channel image data. The magnitude of the GCC amplitude was smaller in the evergreen coniferous forest than in the deciduous forest. The slope of the GCC (increased in spring and decreased in autumn) was moderate in the evergreen coniferous forest compared with that in the deciduous forest. In the pine forest, the beginning of growth occurred earlier than that in the red oak forest, whereas the end of growth was later. Verification of the accuracy of the phenophases showed high accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of 0.008 (region of interest [ROI]1) and 0.006 (ROI3). These results reflect the tendency of the GCC trajectory in a northern temperate type deciduous broadleaf forest. Based on the results, we propose that repeat imaging using digital cameras will be useful for the observation of phenophases.