• Architectural research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This article examines spatial concepts of urban design led by Camillo Sitte (1843-1903) and its influences. Sitte infused the fervor of city planning as an initiator, and his achievements affected Adolf Loos (1870-1933). Thus, this thesis, with regard to Sitte's penchants concerning urban design, focuses on two matters in order to understand Camillo Sitte's efforts to invent a new method on modern city planning and its influence on an architect: first, it deals with his urban studies, theories, and practices on city planning that consider communal living and everyday life and urban typology as well; second, it discusses how his urban ideas are accepted by Adolf Loos. Conclusively, through the investigations on Sitte's movement on city planning and its influence on Adolf Loos, this study clarifies Sitte's efforts to improve urban life and its milieus, and then Loos's efforts to adopt Sitte's criticisms and then re-interpret them in tune with the modern way of living as well. As a result, this thesis shows that they suggested new methods in performing dialectic designs, drawing on the picturesque and modern tradition, although their difference is differentiated from the sense of space, exterior vs. interior, i.e. Raumkunst vs. Raumplan.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

A path planning using potential field method is very useful for the real-time navigation of mobile robots. However, the method needs high modeling cost to calculate the potential field because of complex preprocessing, and mobile robots may get stuck into local minima. In this paper, An efficient path planning algorithm for multiple mobile robots, based on the potential field method, was proposed. In the algorithm. the concepts of subgoals and obstacle priority were introduced. The subgoals can be used to escape local minima, or to design and change the paths of mobile robots in the work space. In obstacle priority, all the objects (obstacles and mobile robots) in the work space have their own priorities, and the object having lower priority should avoid the objects having higher priority than it has. In this paper, first, potential based path planning method was introduced, next an efficient collision-avoidance algorithm for multiple mobile robots, moving in the obstacle environment, was proposed by using subgoals and obstacle priority. Finally, the developed algorithm was demonstrated graphically to show the usefulness of the algorithm.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2010

Objectives: This paper aims to compare the intervention development steps of the revised PRECEDE-PROCEED model and the Intervention Mapping model. Methods: Concepts and structure of the intervention development step of each model are reviewed with examples. Results: The revised PRECEDE-PROCEED model and the Intervention Mapping model share characteristics in intervention development in employing PRECEDE assessments, applying a social ecological framework and behavior theories for intervention building, emphasizing multi-interventions at multiple levels, and involving stakeholders and existing resources in intervention development. A detailed explanation of the intervention alignment and matrix building is provided with illustration of examples. Conclusion: Intervention development should not be done compartmentally but in line with other steps in a planning model to sustain the program logic. For successful application of planning models for intervention development, solid understanding of the models and behavior theories are required. Multisectoral collaboration is also critical for the successful application.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to establish a concept of property development planning process and factors by analyzing the several case studies, which prior proposed the highest and best use development of property. The value of property is dependent on the circumstances and the timing. Real property development is essential to develop in the highest and the best. The prior concepts of the highest and best use focused on the real estate appraisal, but these studies aroused an interest that related the highest and best use concept as a determinant of property development. As a results, this study suggests the process and the check points of property development planning phase. The first step is having a thorough grasp of the status of property. The Second step is the circumstantial analysis including legal restriction, locational environment, real estate market and economic conditions. The next step is, in accordance with these analysis, setting up the development concept and alternatives. Through the feasibility studies, we can make a choice the highest and best use development plan. In these days, the importance of development strategies such as design exceptionality and plan management are increased. Therefore, the integrated plan for the property development is very important.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1157-1168
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• 2021

Hotels drive the growth and development of tourism. Despite their important role, many hotels are small and medium-sized firms (SME) that are struggling to survive against fierce competition. Experts agree that strategic planning is vital for SME survival, but it is not wholly applicable for SME managers. Meanwhile, Mintzberg's concept of crafting strategy offers a more productive insight into SME strategic planning, but its abstract nature has historically discouraged empirical research on its practical benefits. This study will be the first to empirically explore the operationalization of Mintzberg's crafting strategy characteristics, and analyze its influence on organizational learning using structural equation model. Using a sample of 50 hotels in Bali, Indonesia, this study reveals that managing pattern and stability, detecting discontinuity, and knowing the business have a positive but weak effect, whereas reconciling change and continuity proves to have a positive and significantly strong effect on organizational learning. This study has bridged the gap between the abstract concepts of crafting strategy, which is a potentially better approach for SMEs, with daily operational practices. This study also proves that Mintzberg's approach can be used to predict organizational learning. This relationship is crucial since previous studies concluded that organizational learning improves company performance.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

This study was to analyse the understanding of the concepts of science based on the 6th graders' levels of logical thinking in elementary schools. To achieve the goal of this study, logical thinking test was given to 108 6th graders of elementary school and 32 students were interviewed. The result of this study was as follows. First, 61.1% of students were in concrete operational period in their logical thinking, 27.8% were in their transitional period, and 11.1% were in their formal operational period. By using Flow-Map, 32 students were analyzed and their levels of logical thinking was significantly associated with their understanding of concept. Students' flexibility of cognitive structure was significantly associated with logical thinking and the levels of understanding concepts as well. However, misconception didn't show significant association with levels of logical thinking. Second, the characters of understanding of scientific concept by their levels of logical thinking was that as you get higher levels of logical thinking, their cognitive structure to understand concept was more systemized, in order and more logical. The result of this study suggested the followings in science experiment class. First, 6th graders of elementary schools had various levels of logical thinking and that affected to their understanding of scientific concepts. Therefore, lesson planning and class should be done by reflecting their different levels of logical thinking. Second, since they had different levels of logical thinking, various teaching methods should be utilized to make students understand scientific concepts more systematically.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

Objective: This study explores how pre-service teachers' knowledge changed in the field of movement education and the characteristics of the instruction they perceived during a 15-week course. Methods: The drawing of concept maps and interviews were used to discuss how pre-service teachers' knowledge changed and the characteristics of the course. Results: The results showed that the pre-service teachers interrelated concepts in a more systematic way, and the concepts they used were increased while master concepts were decreased, indicating that their knowledge changed in a far more hierarchical order after the class. Characteristics of the course that led to a change in their knowledge appeared under the proper guidance of a professor. This was well demonstrated by feedback and evaluation at the stage of planning instruction and simulation teaching. Conclusion/Implications: The study demonstrated that the proper guidance of a professor was a useful tool for fostering the professional development of pre-service teachers in regard to constructing knowledge in movement education.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze and explore phenomenological elements that appear in small-scall art museums with spatial concepts, such as top and bottom, depth, movement, and experienced space on the basis of Merleau-Ponty $Ph\acute{e}nom\acute{e}nologie$ de la perception.' Therefore, small-scale art museums may be regarded as an ideal space that can be analyzed with Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological theory since they should provide viewers with various spatial experiences in a limited space, breaking away from spatial limitations beyond appreciation of artworks. As research subjects, the range of art museums was limited to ones whose designs architectures or interior designers participated in out of all the small-scale art museums constructed after the 1990s, when the concepts and directing methods of spatial experience elements started being applied to art museums. Small-scale art museums chosen as cases were analyzed with Merleau-Ponty's spatial concepts explained earlier, and this study drew conclusions for each one. The significance of this study is that the results of this study can be used as efficient materials to reflect phenomenological elements on planning future small-scale art museums through further studies on various small-scale art museums.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

The United States Department of Energy (US DOE) is conducting research and development (R&D) activities under the Used Fuel Disposition Campaign (UFDC) to support storage, transportation, and disposal of used nuclear fuel (UNF) and wastes generated by existing and future nuclear fuel cycles. R&D activities are ongoing at nine national laboratories, and are divided into storage, transportation and disposal. Storage R&D focuses on closing technical gaps related to extended storage of UNF. Transportation R&D focuses on ensuring transportability of UNF following extended storage, and addressing data gaps regarding nuclear fuel integrity, retrievability, and demonstration of subcriticality. Disposal R&D focuses on identifying geologic disposal options and addressing technical challenges for generic disposal concepts in mined repositories in salt, clay/shale, and granitic rocks, and deep borehole disposal. UFDC R&D goals include increasing confidence in the robustness of generic disposal concepts, reducing generic sources of uncertainty that may impact the viability of disposal concepts, and developing science and engineering tools to support the selection, characterization, and licensing of a repository. The US DOE has also initiated activities in the Nuclear Fuel Storage and Transportation (NFST) Planning Project to facilitate the development of an interim storage facility and to support transportation infrastructure in the near term.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1997

Forest managers are increasingly being challenged to produce goods and services to society while managing for ecosystem sustainability. Forest ecosystem management is an emerging philosophy to achieve these objectives. We synthesized some basic concepts of forest ecosystem, sustainability in forests and forest ecosystem management, and described the importances of long-term ecological studies. Also we presented few relatively simple principles of forest ecosystem management, strategies, and case studies for integrating forest ecosystem management principles into the forest management planning process. It was emphasizd that in forest ecosystem management process, society, land managers, forest managers, and scientists be entered into a partnership to reshape management goals, redefine objectives, and redirect management actions in response to changing socioeconomic information and evolving bioogical, physical, chemical, and environmental conditions. Agreement or disagreement with our synthesis and opinions on forest ecosystem management is out of the primary objective of this paper, which is to stimulate new and creative approaches to forest ecosystem management as an emerging issue in forestry.