• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in the plan or design phase of many civil engineering projects, such as seashore reclamation; and thus, it has become very important to improve upon its accuracy. There have been common drawbacks to earlier methods of ground profiling, such as dialing with sharp corners or the grid points of any tow straight lines. In this paper, we prepose an algorithm for finding a terrain surface using the natural boundary conditions and the both direction spline method, which interpolates the given three-dimensional data by using spline. As a result of this study, the algorithm of the proposed two methods to estimate pit excavation volume should provide a better accuracy than Spot height, Chambers, Chen, or Lin method. Also, the mathematical model mentioned offers maximum accuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2001

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects, and thus it has become very important to advanced the accuracy of earthwork calculation. Current method used for estimating the volume of pit excavation assumes that the ground profile between the grid points is linear(trapezoidal rule), or nonlinear(simpson's formulas). In this paper the spot height method, least square method, and chamber formulas, Chen and Lin method are compared with the volumes of the pits in these examples. As a result of this study, algorithm of chen and Lin me쇙 by spline method should provide a better accuracy than the spot height method, least square method, chamber formulas. The Chen and Lin formulas can be used for estimating the excavation volume of a pit divide into a grid with unequal intervals. From the characteristics of the cubic spline polynomial, the modeling curve of the Chen and Lin method is smooth and matches the ground profile well. Generally speaking, the nonlinear profile formulas provide better accuracy than the linear profile formulas. The mathematical model mentioned make an offer maximum accuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.229-238
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• 2002

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects, and thus it has become very important to improve the accuracy of earthwork calculation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of finding a cubic spline surface with the free boundary conditions, which interpolates the given three dimensional data, by using B-spline and an accurate method to estimate pit-excavation volume. The proposed method should be of interest to surveyors especially concerned with accuracy of volume computations. We present some computational results showing that our proposed method provides good accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2002

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects, and thus it has become very important to improve the accuracy of earthwork calculation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for finding a cubic spline surface with the free boundary conditions, which interpolates the given three dimensional data, by using B-spline and an accurate method to estimate pit-excavation volume. The proposed method should be of interest to surveyors especially concerned with accuracy of volume computations. We present some computational results showing that our proposed method provides good accuracy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.513-530
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• 2015

Commonly, the base stability of sheeted excavation pits against seepage failure by heave is evaluated by using two-dimensional groundwater flow models and Terzaghi's failure criterion. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of three-dimensional groundwater flow on the heave for sheeted excavation pits with various dimensions. For this purpose, the steady-state groundwater flow analyses are performed by using the finite element program ABAQUS 6.12. It has been shown that, in homogeneous soils depending on the ratio of half of excavation width to embedment depth b/D, the ratio of safety factor obtained from 3D analyses to that obtained from 2D analyses $FS_{(3D)}/FS_{(2D)}$ can reach up to 1.56 and 1.34 for square and circular shaped excavations, respectively. As failure body, both an infinitesimal soil column adjacent to the wall (Baumgart & Davidenkoff's criterion) and a three-dimensional failure body with the width suggested by Terzaghi for two-dimensional cases are used. It has been shown that the ratio of $FS_{(Terzaghi)}/FS_{(Davidenkoff)}$ varies between 0.75 and 0.94 depending on the ratio of b/D. Additionally, the effects of model size, the shape of excavation pit and anisotropic permeability on the heave are studied. Finally, the problem is investigated for excavation pits in stratified soils, and important points are emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

It is very important to get the accurate calculation of pit-excavation volume in many civil engineering projects. There have been common drawbacks to earlier methods of ground profiling, such dealing with sharp corners or the grid points any two straight lines. There are several papers of using spline surfaces to obtain more accurate calculations of the earthwork. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of finding a spline surface without boundary conditions which interpolates the given data and an appropriate method to calculate the earthwork. We present some computational results showing that our proposed method provides good accuracy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.489-503
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• 2022

A 1257-m-long irregular deep foundation pit located in the central of Nanjing, China was constructed using the combined full-width and half-width top-down method. Based on the long-term field monitoring data, this study analyzed the evolution characteristics of the vertical movement of the columns, internal force of the struts, and axial force of the structural beam and slab. The relevance of the three mentioned above and their relationship with the excavation process, structural system, and geological conditions were also investigated. The results showed that the column uplift was within the range of 0.08% to 0.22% of the excavation depth, and the embedded depth ratio of the diaphragm wall and the bottom heave affected significantly on the column uplift. The differential settlement between the column and diaphragm wall remained unchanged after the base slab was cast. The final settlement of the diaphragm wall was twice the column uplift. The internal force of the struts did not varied monotonically but was related to numerous factors such as the excavation depth, number of struts, and environmental conditions. Additionally, the dynamic force and deformation of the columns, beams, and slabs were analyzed to investigate the inherent relationship and variation patterns of the responses of different parts of the structure.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2002

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in the planning and design phases of many civil engineering projects, such as seashore reclamation; thus, improving the accuracy of earthwork calculation has become very important. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for finding a cubic spline surface with the free boundary conditions, which interpolates the given three-dimensional data, by using B-spline and an accurate method to estimate pit-excavation volume. The proposed method should be of interest to surveyors, especially those concerned with accuracy of volume computations. The mathematical models of the conventional methods have a common drawback: the modeling curves form peak points at the joints. To avoid this drawback, the cubic spline polynomial is chosen as the mathematical model of the new method. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of finding a spline surface, which interpolates the given data, and an appropriate method to calculate the earthwork. We present some computational results that show the proposed method, of the Maple program, provides better accuracy than the method presented by Chen and Lin.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

This study examines the construction method of lime tomb of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty based on reference. This was primarily published as "The Five Manners and Courtesy of the Annals of Sejong" as examples, which were followed by the influence of Koryo's culture in the beginning foundation of Choseon, were organized in the time of Sejong; and later, in the time of Sungjong, "The National Five Manners and Courtes y" was published. Such old reference explains the stone materials and construction method of the royal tomb's pit yet there were not many studies regarding the pit of royal tomb in the Choseon Dynasty. And there exists no historical research or reference study in regard to the pit of royal tomb which is formed as a lime tomb. This is believed to be impossible to excavate the royal tomb since ancestral ritual formalities are still given by the descendants and because of our country's culture of giving ancestral ritual formalities which value formalities and filial duty. However, the current excavation of Guhui Tomb, which was the early burial site, was important since it gives an opportunity to look at the shape and structure of lime tombs in the Choseon Dynasty. Thus, this study, based on the excavation of Guhui Tomb, will look into the construction method of the pit of lime tomb and will examine the structure, shape, construction method, etc. of the lime tomb which was formed after the time of Sejo in a way with reference history. This is an important data to learn the construction method of limb tomb of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty and is believed to have a very important value as historical materials as to understanding the structure of the pit of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty which yet has not been excavated.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Recently, most of limestone quarries have been not mined by open-pit mining but by underground excavation to reduce environmental pollution. As a result, the size of underground galleries became bigger to maintain mass-production close to open-pit mining. However, the scale of pillars and galleries as well as the excavation methods may induce a few adverse problems for the stability of a mined gallery. In this study, the nomogram analysis and the prediction of rock damage zone induced by blasting were carried out. The testing conditions include concurrent blasting of two adjacent galleries, concurrent blasting of a transport drift and a inclined shaft, sequential blasting of two galleries, and separate blasting for each gallery. For each testing condition, blast vibration velocity was measured and analyzed. From the prediction formulas for blast vibration velocity derived in this study, the maximum depth of rock damage zone induced by blasting were also predicted.