• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pit-1

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Presence of Pituitary Specific Transcription Factor Pit-1 in the Rat Brain: Intracerebroventricular Administration of Antisense Pit-1 Oligodeoxynucleotide Decreases Brain Prolactin mRNA Level

  • Tae Woo Kim;Hyun-Ju Kim;Byung Ju Lee
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.311-317
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    • 1999
  • Prolactin (PRL) was reported to be locally synthesized in many brain areas including the hypothalamus, thalamus (TH) and hippocampus (HIP). In the pituitary lactotrophs, PRL synthesis is dependent upon a pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1. In the present study, we attempted to identify Pit-1 or Pit-1-like protein in brain areas known as the synthetic sites of PRL. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis showed the same Pit-1 transcripts in brain areas such as the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), preoptic area (POA), TH, and HIP with the Pit-1 transcripts in the anterior pituitary (AP). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was run with nuclear protein extracts from brain tissues using a double strand oligomer probe containing a putative Pit-1 binding domain. Shifted bands were found in EMSA results with nuclear proteins from MBH, POA, TH and HIP. Specific binding of the Pit-1-like protein was further confirmed by competition with an unlabeled cold probe. Antisense Pit-1 oligodeoxynucleotide (Pit-1 ODN), which was designed to bind to the Pit-1 translation initiation site and block Pit-1 biosynthesis, was used to test Pit-1 dependent brain PRL transcription. Two nmol of Pit-1 ODN was introduced into the lateral ventricle of a 60-day old male rat brain. RNA blot hybridization and in situ hybridization indicated a decrease of PRL mRNA signals by the treatment of Pit-1 ODN. Taken together, the present study suggests that Pit-1 may play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of local PRL synthesis in the brain.

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Methane Fermentation of Pit in Pond System for Ecological Treatment and Recycling of Animal Excreta (생태적 축산폐수 처리 및 재활용 연못시스템의 Pit 메탄발효)

  • Yang, Hong-Mo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.191-195
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    • 1999
  • An integrated wastewater treatment pond system is developed for treatment and recycling of excreta from dairy cattle. It is composed of three ponds in series. A pit with a capacity of $10m^3$, 2-day hydraulic residence time, and overflow velocity of $1.5m^3m^{-2}day^{-1}$ is located internally in primary pond. It is designed for efficient sludge sedimentation and effective methane fermentation. It receives $5m^3/day$ of diluted cattle excreta by the water used for clearing stalls. A submerged gays collector for the recovery of methane is installed on the top of the pit. The average BOD_5 concentration of influent is 398.7mg/l. That of the effluent from primary pond is 49.2mg/l. About 88% of BOD_5 are removed in primary pond. It is assumed that about 60% of the influent BOD_5 is removed in the pit and that almost all of the carbon of the removed BOD_5 in the pit is converted to methane and carbon dioxide. Methane fermentation of the pit is well established at $16^{\circ}C$. This phenomena results from temperature stability, complete anaerobic condition, and neutral pH of the pit. Gas from the collector is almost 90% methane, less than 9% nitrogen, and less than 1% carbon dioxide. Thus a purified methane is produced, which can be used as energy source.

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Reliability and Validity of the Side-lying Instability and Prone Instability Tests in Patients with Lumbar Segmental Instability

  • Kim, Bo-Eon;Lee, Kwan-Woo;Park, Dae-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2021
  • PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to conduct inter-rater and intra-rater reliability tests in patients with low back pain (LBP) using the prone instability test (PIT) and side-lying instability test (SIT). We have analyzed the Korean version Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) correlations and radiograph finding (RF) for validity. METHODS: Individuals (n = 51) (mean age of 40.27 ± 13.28) with LBP for at least over a week were recruited, together with two participating physical therapist examiners. The measurement consisted of PIT, PST, K-ODI, and RF. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value, negative predictive value, prevalence index, agreement %, Cohen's kappa, and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) were calculated. The PIT and SIT were compared with RF for validity analysis, while PIT, SIT, K-ODI, and RF were calculated for the correlation analysis. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability test measured for the PIT (kappa = .79, PABAK = .88) and SIT (kappa = .73, PABAK = .84), and inter-rater reliability test measured for the SIT (kappa = .80, PABAK = .88) showed good agreements. The PIT (Sn = .65, Sp = .63) and SIT validities (Sn = .68, Sp = .70) were compared with RF, showing a significant correlation in PIT and RF (r = .69), SIT and RF (r = .73), and PIT and K-ODI (r = .53). CONCLUSION: The SIT is a more comfortable position test than the PIT in patients. Both PIT and SIT have acceptable reliability and validity.

Effect of Estrogen on the Gestational Profiles in Gene Expression of Placental Lactogen I, II and Pit-i in the Rat Placenta (흰쥐 태반에서 Placental Lactogen I과 II 그리고 Pit-1의 유전자 발현에 미치는 에스트로겐의 영향)

  • 정진권;강성구;강해묵;이병주
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 1996
  • To investigate gestational profiles in gene expression of placental lactogen I fpL4), PL-lI and Pit-1, RNA samples were extracted from the placentas of pregnant day 12 to 20 at 2 day intervals. Northern blots showed changes in gene expression of PL4, - 11 and Pit-i. Sizes of PL-l and -II mRNA were changed and amounts of PL-I, -H and Pit-1 mRNA increased during progress of gestation. To examine the effect of estrogen on the gene expression of PL-I, -Il and Pit-1, pregnant female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and daily injected with estradiol (OVX + E). OVX markedly lowered the amount of PL4 and 41 mRNA, and shifted niRNA size from 1 kb to i 3 kb in PL-l mRNA and 0.6 kb to i kb in PL-ll mRNA, respectively. OVX had no effect on the mRNA size of Pit-1, but markedly attenuated Pit-1 mRNA level. Estrogen injection reversed the effect of OVX on the size-shift but not on the amount of PL4 and -Il mRNA. Replacement of E partially recovered OVX-induced inhibition of Pit-i mRNA level. Present results suggest that estrogen may play a pivotal role on the gene expression of PL-l and -Il such as alternative RNA splicing and/or polyadenylation, and Pit-1 may be involved in the gene expression of PL-l and 41 by estrogen.

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Monitoring of Blood Cytokines by PIT-1 Genotypes in Day 150 Male Pigs

  • Yoon, J.;Rhee, M.S.;Seo, D.S.;Kim, B.C.;Ko, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.1659-1664
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    • 2001
  • Several studies have been done regarding carcass traits and growth in pigs. Recently, these have progressed to examine increases in economic traits, including meat quality and meat quantity, by using candidate genes. One of them is the pituitary-specific protein PIT-1, a member of the POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) family of transcription factors playing an important regulatory role in developmental processes. In addition, muscle development is known to be regulated in part by growth factors and cytokines locally produced. Therefore, studies were performed to analyze PIT-1 genotypes and serum cytokines (IGF-I, IGF-II, TGF-${\beta}1$, EGF, cortisol, DHEA-S, IL-2, and IL-6) in castrated male pigs for their possible involvement in the development of carcass traits. The genotypes of PIT-1 gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP with MspI restriction enzyme. But, only CD and DD genotypes, not CC genotype, have been detected. Based on PIT-1 genotyping, a significant difference in EGF expression beween CD type (78.8 ng/ml) and DD type (46.0 ng/ml) was detected (p<0.05), whereas other cytokines did not show any statistical significance depending on PIT-1 genotypes. Collectively, these results suggest the possibility that EGF could affect the formation of carcass traits.

Application of Multiple Linear Regression to Predict Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel with Unspecified Pit Corrosion (불특정 공식손상을 가진 316L 스테인리스강의 기계적 물성치 예측을 위한 다중선형회귀 적용)

  • Kwang-Hu Jung;Seong-Jong Kim
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2023
  • The aim of this study was to propose a multiple linear regression (MLR) equation to predict ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 316L stainless steel with unspecified pit corrosion. Tensile specimens with pit corrosion were prepared using a potentiostatic acceleration test method. Pit corrosion was characterized by measuring ten factors using a confocal laser microscope. Data were collected from 22 tensile tests. At 85% confidence level, total pit volume, maximum pit depth, mean ratio of surface area, and mean area were significant factors showing linear relationships with UTS. The MLR equation using these three significant factors at a 85% confidence level showed considerable prediction performance for UTS. Determination coefficient (R2) was 0.903 with training and test data sets. The yield strength ratio of 316L stainless steel was found to be around 0.85. All specimens with a pit corrosion presented a yield ratio of approximately 0.85 with R2 of 0.998. Therefore, pit corrosion did not affect the yield ratio.

A STUDY OF ATTITUDES TOWARD AND USE OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS BY DENTISTS IN CHON-BUK AREA (전북지역 치과개원의의 열구전색제 사용실태에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Gon;Baik, Byeong-Ju
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 1994
  • Since the introduction of pit and fissure sealants in the early 1970's, many studies have been published amply documenting the efficacy of these materials as caries-preventive agents. However, the acceptance of the technique by dentist has been questionable. This survey was investigated the attitudes toward and use of pit and fissure sealants by dentist in Chonbuk area. The results were as follows: 1. Utilization of pit and fissure sealants is very high. Only 15% of dentists never use pit and fissure sealants, whereas 85% generally use pit and fissure sealants. 2. Most dentists reported that their knowledge of pit and fissure sealants was gained through dental schools education. 3. Concern about difficult to sell' to patient, poor retention of pit and fissure sealants and unsubstantiated by research were given as the main reasons why pit and fissure sealants was not used. 4. Patient demands and various educate program were given as important factors that would lead to increase use of pit and fissure sealants.

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Influence of Salt Solution Concentration on Corrosion Pit Growth Characteristic of Dual Phase Steel (복합조직강의 부식피트 성장특성에 미치는 식염수농도의 영향)

  • Oh, Sae-Wook;Kang, Ho-Min;Kim, Tae-Man;Do, Yeong-Min
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.78-86
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    • 1988
  • In order to investigate the corrosion pit occurrence and growth characteristic of M.E.F.(martensite encapsulated islands of ferrite) dual phase steel was made with a suitable heat treatment of raw material(SS41), a corrosion fatigue test was performed under rotary bending in the salt solution having a concentration from 0.01 wt percent to 3.5 wt percent. The fatigue strength of dual phase steel was remarkably decreased with an increase in concentration of salt solution; approximately from 63% to 80% in case of dual phase steel and from 40% to 71% in case of raw material. Corrosion pit occurred in the martensite phase and fatigue cracks from corrosion pits were selectively propagated in martensite phases. In the observation of corrosion pits at the origin of fatigue cracks, it had been found that corrosion pits were grown into hemispherical pits and a/c(the surface diameter, 2c and the depth, a of corrosion pit)was about 1.0-1.5regardless of the variation of salt solution concentration. The difference of corrosion pit depth growth rate was increased with an increase in concentration of salt solution according to an increase in stress level.

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A Study on the Use of Pit Sand and Sea Sand as the Fine Aggregate in Concrete (콘크리트용 잔골재로서 산사.해사의 활용방안에 관한 연구)

  • 윤상대;신의근;배수호
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1993.04a
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 1993
  • Due to the recent shortage of river sand resulting from a rapid growth of concrete construction, sea sand and pit sand are increasingly used in stead. It is , however, well noted that non-washed sea sand used in reinforced concrete causes to corrode reinforcing steel and to incur cracks in concrete, and thus eventually result in damage to concrete. Moreover, many sources of pit sand in our country are randomly used without experimental research for its applicability to concrete construction. The purpose of this research to activate the usage of pit sand and sea sand for concrete construction to solve the recent shortage of river sand. Followings have been experimentally investigated : 1)Physical properties of pit sand and sea sand, 2)Compressive strength of mortar on the weight of pit sand passing through No.200 sieve, 3) Compressive strength of mortar on the chloride content of sea sand, 4) Compressive strengths of concrete using pit sand and sea sand, respectively, 5)Corrosion propagatio in reinforcing steel on the chloride concent, of sea sand, and 6)etc.

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Survival Rate of the Korean Cyprinidae Subject to Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tagging (국내에 서식하는 잉어과 어류의 Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag 적용에 따른 생존율 평가)

  • Yoon, Ju-Duk;Jang, Min-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.134-138
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    • 2009
  • The survival rate of PIT tagged fish was investigated for five Korean Cyprindae fish species, Acheilognathus lanceolatus (n=18, total length : $92.5{\pm}13.1mm$; body weight : $9.6{\pm}4.3g$), Hemibarbus labeo (n=28, TL : $220{\pm}74.4mm$; BW : $91.8{\pm}76.2g$), Zacco koreanus (n=13, TL : $116.5{\pm}23.8mm$; BW : $13.6{\pm}10.6g$), Zacco platypus (n=108, TL : $100.6{\pm}17.8mm$; BW: $8.7{\pm}4.8g$), Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis (n=6, TL : $161.8{\pm}26.3mm$; BW : $27.5{\pm}18.3g$) with respect to applicability and effectiveness of PIT tagging. The survival rate were daily checked for 30 days. The survival rate was the highest and lowest for Z. koreanus and Z. platypus, respectively. The survival days were greater as fish total length increased. Based on these results, PIT tagging is not effective for Z. platypus, while PIT tagging for fish>150 mm was effect for field research.