• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1995

Analyses of subsurface drainage effects of farmland with respect to pipe and envelop material are made by the laboratory experiments using soil box to give basic information for the subsurface drainage system planning and design. Three different diameter PVC perforated pipes and a mesh pipe are used with envelop materials such as sand, rice bran, and crushed stone. Steady state subsurface drainage flow rate increased as envelop material changed from sand to rice bran and crushed stone. This indicates that as the hydraulic conductivity of the envelop material increases, the drainage flow rate increases. On the other hand, for a given envelop material, the mesh pipe which has the largest openning area shows the largest flow rate while small diameter PVC pipes show small flow rates. This tells that as the openning area and pipe diameter increase, the flow rate increases, too. Therefore, selection of pipe and envelop material should be made in accordance with the design drainage flow rate. Unsteady state subsurface drainage flow rate with respect to time differs for different envelop material. In case the sand was used as an envelop material, the small diameter PVC pipes show larger flow rates than the large diameter PVC pipe and mesh pipe. When the rice bran was used, the mesh pipe shows the largest flow rate, while small diameter pipes show smaller flow rates. In case the crushed stone was used as an envelop material, the large diameter PVC pipe and mesh pipe show larger flow rates, while small diameter pipes show a little bit smaller flow rates. However, the variation of flow rates among different pipes is the smallest when the crushed stone is used. The flow rate curve with respect to the pipe changes little for the crushed stone envelop which has a large hydraulic conductivity, while that changes much for the sand and rice bran envelops. However, it is difficult to draw a consistent relationship between the drainage flow rate and pipe for all the envelop materials. Since the subsurface drainage experiments are made only under the restricted laboratory condition in this study, further study including field experiment is required.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2015

A process for the concurrent welding and extruding of pipe was designed for continuous production of fin tubes. Unlike a conventional pipe extrusion, the new process is able to extrude a pipe continuously without limit of length by using spring type wire material. The current paper provides the basic research for welding during the extrusion using a spring type wire material. The object of the current study is to investigate the possibility that the spring type wire material could be extrude into a welded pipe. The appropriate extrusion ratio was selected through investigation of loads using computer simulations. As a result, experiments showed that pipe could be welded and simultaneously extruded with spring type wire material of aluminum. The tensile strength of the welded and extruded aluminum pipe can reach 80% of tensile strength of original aluminum feedstock.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2022

Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a type of pipe corrosion in which the pipe thickness decreases depending on the fluid flow conditions. In nuclear power plants, FAC mainly occurs in the carbon steel pipes of a secondary system. However, because the temperature of a secondary system pipe is over 150 ℃, in situ monitoring using a conventional ultrasonic non-destructive testing method is difficult. In our previous study, we developed a waveguide ultrasonic thickness measurement system. In this study, we applied a waveguide ultrasonic thickness measurement system to monitor the thinning of the pipe according to the change in pH. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute installed FAC-proof facilities, enabling the monitoring of internal fluid flow conditions, which were fixed for ~1000 h to analyze the effect of the pH. The measurement system operated without failure for ~3000 h and the pipe thickness was found to be reduced by ~10% at pH 9 compared to that at pH 7. The thickness of the pipe was measured using a microscope after the experiment, and the reliability of the system was confirmed with less than 1% error. This technology is expected to also be applicable to the thickness-reduction monitoring of other high-temperature materials.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 기초기술학술발표회
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• pp.103-117
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• 2002

During the installation of drilled shafts in very soft ground, to keep the pile shape and to central concrete quality, casing method (wrinkled pipe and embedded steel pipe) and non-casing method have been used. In the construction cost, non-casing method was the most economical. When the wrinkled pipe and the embedded steel pipe casing method are used, an increase of 133% and 123% in the construction cost could be seen. When concrete for drilled shaft was placed under groundwater, underwater unseparation concrete would be used to restrain the concretes's material separation and to control the concrete quality. On the condition of required unseparable and (lowing property was assured, use of less amount of mixed material and flowing material must be recommended.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

지하매설관 설치시 매설관 아래의 베딩면 상부 되메움재는 적절한 다짐이 필요하다. 그러나 원형매설관 설치시 기존 시공법의 경우는 관 하부의 다짐이 어렵고, 또한 다짐효율이 떨어져서 지하매설관의 안정성을 저감시키며, 이로 인하여 매설관의 파손이 발생한다. 이러한 지하매설관 되메움시 발생하는 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방법 중의 하나가 유동성 채움재(CLSM)를 이용하는 것이다. 유동성 채움재는 저강도 콘크리트 개념을 지반공학에 적용하여 만들어진 것이다. 이의 대표적인 특성은 자기수평화(self-leveling), 자기다짐(self-compacting), 유동성(flowablility), 인위적인 강도조절, 시공단계를 줄여 시공비 절감이 가능하다는 것이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 유한요소해석을 수행하여 동일한 조건에서 현장발생토, 일반모래, 유동성채움재를 되메움재로 사용하였을 경우의 거동을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 되메움재로 유동성채움재를 사용하는 경우가 현장발생토사나 일반모래를 사용한 경우보다 지표침하 및 매설관의 변위를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2019

In order to develop a process for manufacturing a composite structure of an intermetallic compound foam and a hollow material, the firing and pore form of the Al-Ni precursor in a steel pipe are investigated. When the Al-Ni precursor is foamed in a hollow pipe, if the temperature distribution inside the precursor is uneven, the pore shape distribution becomes uneven. In free foaming, no anisotropy is observed in the foaming direction and the pore shape is isotropic. However, in the hollow pipe, the pipe expands in the pipe axis direction and fills the pipe. The interfacial adhesion between $Al_3Ni$ foam and steel pipe is excellent, and interfacial pore and reaction layer are not observed by SEM. In free foaming, the porosity is 90 %, but it decreases to about 80 % in the foam in the pipe. In the pipe foaming, most of the pore shape appears elongated in the pipe direction in the vicinity of the pipe, and this tendency is more remarkable when the inside pipe diameter is small. It can be seen that the pore size of the foam sample in the pipe is larger than that of free foam, because coarse pores remain after solidification of the foam because the shape of the foam is supported by the pipe. The vertical/horizontal length ratio expands along the pipe axis direction by foaming in the pipe, and therefore circularity is reduced.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.120-126
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• 1993

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of solid mass flow rate, mean particle diameter and mesh number of screen packing material on minimum carrying velocity, which defined as the superficial gas velocity of the upper limit of chocking phenomenon. Vertical pneumatic conveying was studied on a 4.6cm 1. D. pipe, 180cm in length. Experiments were performed in both the empty and the screen-packed pipe. It was also examined the effect of superficial gas velocity, solid mass flow, mean particle diameter, and mesh number of packing material on pressure drop. Minimum carrying velocity in screen packed-pipe was lower than that in an empty pipe. besides minimum carrying velocity was decreased with increase in mesh number of screen packing material. The pressure drop In vortical packed-pipe was Increased with superficial gas velocity, mean particle diameter, and mesh number of screen packing material.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2008

Structural pipe-in-pipe cross-sections have significant potential for application in offshore oil and gas production systems because of their property that combines insulation performance with structural strength in an integrated way. Such cross-sections comprise inner and outer thin walled pipes with the annulus between them fully filled by a selectable thick filler material to impart an appropriate combination of properties. Structural pipe-in-pipe cross-sections can exhibit several different collapse mechanisms and the basis of the preferential occurrence of one over others is of interest. This paper presents an elastic analyses of a structural pipe-in-pipe cross-section when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. It formulates and solves the static and elastic buckling problem using the variational principle of minimum potential energy. The paper also investigates a simplified formulation of the problem where the outer pipe and its contact with the filler material is considered as a 'pipe on an elastic foundation'. Results are presented to show the variation of elastic buckling pressure with the relative elastic modulus of the filler and pipe materials, the filler thickness and the thicknesses of the inner and outer pipes. The range of applicability of the simplified 'pipe on an elastic foundation' analysis is also presented. A brief review of the types of materials that could be used as the filler is combined with the results of the analysis to draw conclusions about elastic buckling behaviour of structural pipe-in-pipe cross-sections.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.599-615
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• 2022

In the present paper, the numerical dynamic analysis of a functionally graded nano-scale nonuniform tube was investigated according to the high-order beam theory coupled with the nonlocal gradient strain theory. The supposed cross-section is changed along the pipe length, and the material distribution, which combines both metal and ceramics, is smoothly changed in the pipe length direction, which is called axially functionally graded (AFG) pipe. Moreover, the porosity voids are dispersed in the cross-section and the radial pattern that the existence of both material distribution along the tube length and porosity voids make a two-dimensional functionally graded (2D-FG) truncated conical pipe. On the basis of the Hamilton principle, the governing equations and the associated boundary conditions equations are derived, and then a numerical approach is applied to solve the obtained equations.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.737-746
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 리브로 보강된 GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) 관로의 탄성 좌굴 강도를 산정하였다. 보강된 리브의 두께, 높이, 배치 간격은 관로의 좌굴 강도에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자이다. 또한, GFRP 재료는 이방성 재료이므로, 재료의 방향별 강성 또한 관로의 좌굴강도에 영형을 미치는 인자로서 고려되어야할 부분이다. 이러한 매개변수를 적용하여, 직교 이방성 재료로 구성된 리브 보강 관로의 좌굴 강도를 유한요소 해석을 이용하여 매개변수를 수행하고, 회귀분석을 통하여 좌굴 강도 산정을 위한 간략식을 제시하였다.