• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2020

In this study, damages caused by flash fire, overpressure, and thermal radiation based on the sizes of leak holes were evaluated using the areal location of hazardous atmospheres when natural gas leaked owing to the damage of pipeline in a LNG fueled ship. In addition, environmental variables (wind speed, atmospheric temperature, and atmospheric stability) and process variables (pipe pressure and pipe length) were classified to analyze the damage impact ranges caused by various scenarios. From the results, the damage range caused by the environmental variables was the largest, followed by overpressure and thermal radiation. Additionally, for the process variables, regardless of the pressure, length, or size of the leak holes, the damage range attributed to flash fire was the most significant, and the damage range was high in the order of overpressure and thermal radiation, similar to the environmental variables. The larger the size of the leak holes, the higher the values of the environmental and process variables, and the higher the damage range caused by jet fire compared to the environmental variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2018

A flange joint is a pipe connection used to prevent the leakage of high-pressure fluids by inserting a gasket and tightening the bolts. Among several kinds of gaskets available, metal ring type joint gaskets are most widely used in conditions that require high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flow, such as oil pipelines, gas pipes, pumps, valve joints, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contact pressure and stress characteristics closely related to the sealing performance of Class 900 flange joints used in high temperature and high pressure environments. The dimensions of flange joints with five different nominal pipe sizes were determined with reference to those specified in ASME 16.5. The metal ring gaskets inserted in the joints were octagonal and oval gaskets. The bolt tensile forces calculated from the tightening torques were input as the bolt pretension loads in order to determine the contact pressure and stress levels after fastening. Loading was composed of three steps, including the fastening step, and different amounts of applied pressures were used in each analysis to investigate the effect of fluid pressure on the contact force of the joints. A general-purpose software, ANSYS 17.2, was used for the analysis.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1103-1113
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• 2013

In this study, determination methods of the pressure monitoring location in water distribution system were introduced and applied to sample pipe network. The best determination method of the pressure monitoring location was suggested and applied to the real city pipe network. Three kinds of determination methods of pressure monitoring locations are categorized such as the sensitivity analysis according to changing roughness coefficient, pressure contribution analysis, and sensitivity analysis according to changing demand. Further-more, pressure contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis from the results of unsteady analysis were conducted and compared each other. From the results, the most accurate and simplest method was selected in this study. Therefore, the best method can be applied for the pressure management or leakage detection as a determination method of pressure monitoring location in water distribution system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.517-531
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• 2021

The water supply facilities of Korea have achieved a rapid growth, along with the other social infrastructures consisting a city, due to the phenomenon of urbanization according to economic development. Meanwhile, the level of water supply service demanded by consumer is also steadily getting higher in keeping with economic growth. However, as an adverse effect of rapid growth, the quantity of aged water supply pipes are increasing rapidly, Bursts caused by pipe aging brought about an enormous economic loss of about 6,161 billion won as of 2019. These problems are not only worsening water supply management, also increasing the regional gap in water supply services. The purpose of this study is to classify hazard evaluation indicators and to rank the water distribution network hazard by cluster using the TOPSIS method. In conclusion, in this study, the entropy-based multi-criteria decision-making methods was applied to rank the hazard management of the water distribution network, and the hazard management ranking for each cluster according to the water supply conditions of the county-level municipalities was determined according to the evaluation indicators of water outage, water leakage, and pipe aging. As such, the hazard ranking method proposed in this study can consider various factors that can impede the tap water supply service in the water distribution network from a macroscopic point of view, and it can be reflected in evaluating the degree of hazard management of the water distribution network from a preventive point of view. Also, it can be utilized in the implementation of the maintenance plan and water distribution network management project considering the equity of water supply service and the stability of service supply.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.35-40
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• 2022

PCVD (Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition), a solar cell manufacturing facility, is a facility that deposits plasma generated in a chamber (NH₃, SIH₄, O₂ on a wafer. In the PCVD facility, gas movement and injection is performed in the gas cabinet, and there are many leak points inside because MFC, regulator, valve, pipe, etc. are intricately connected. In order to prevent explosion in case of leakage of NH₃ with an upper explosive limit (UEL) of 33.6% and a lower explosive limit (LEL) of 15%, the dilution capacity must be capable of allowing the concentration of NH₃ to be out of the explosive range. This study was analyzed using the CFD analysis technique, which can confirm the dilution ability in 3D and numerical values when NH₃ gas leaks from the existing PCVD gas cabinet. As a result, it was concluded that it corresponds to medium dilution and that testicular ventilation is possible through facility improvement.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2016

The present study has been carried out to analyze the flow characteristics with geometric shape and control conditions in subsea by-pass valve. The function of by-pass valve is to prevent reverse flow. In this study, the static analysis has been perform for analyzing fluid flow in open state. In order to consider the turbulent effect, the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model was used. A variety of parametric studies, such as by-pass valve type or size, volume flow rate, leakage hole size, leakage hole position, block type, block shape, were performed. The pressure difference across the valve in the model broadened the flow channel cross-sectional area was greater than the base model for the same operating conditions. As the pipe diameter in the block decreases the pressure difference is greatly increased. The pressure difference according to block shape such as edge type and round was almost negligible. For the same Reynolds number the pressure difference was little changed according to the size of the valve.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2011

Gas pipeline safety management and risk prediction are recognized as a very important issue. And the effort to prevent accidents is essential. So, in this study, it was studied through correlation of pressure changes for leak point detection in real-time. It experimented by installing the five leakage valves in the pipe of 378 m and compared the actual leak points with simulation results. The results showed that experimental leak points and the actual leak points have differences within the 6 m. And this technology has to be commercialized by the demonstration in dangerous zone.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.447-460
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• 2012

In this study, the shutdown system of the fuel gas supply system is designed based on the Safety Integrity Level of IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. First of all, the individual risk($10^{-4}$/year) and the risk matrix which are the risk acceptance criteria are set up for the qualitative risk assessment such as the HAZOP study. The natural gas leakage at the gas supply pipe is identified as the highest risk among the hazards identified through the HAZOP study and as a safety instrumented function the shutdown function for leakage was defined. SIL 2 and PFD($2.5{\cdot}10^{-3}$) for the shutdown function are determined by the layer of protection analysis(LOPA). The shutdown system(SIS) carrying out the shutdown function(SIF) is verified and designed according to qualitative and quantitative requirements of IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. As a result of SIL verification and SIS conceptual design, the shutdown system is composed of two gas detectors voted 1oo2, one programmable logic solver, and two shutdown valve voted 1oo2.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.526-534
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• 2023

To evaluate the risk of leakage when using liquid hydrogen, a leakage test was conducted using liquid nitrogen in an outdoor environment rather than a laboratory environment. To assume a real-scale continuous leak, liquid nitrogen was allowed to leak for 5 minutes through a pipe with a diameter of 25.4 mm at a design spill rate of 60 L/min. The measurement system consisted of devices for climate conditions, LN2 spread and vapor clouds. The main experimental results are the liquid pool radius and the concentration of vapor cloud, and the radius of the liquid pool was compared with the numerical analysis results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

Buried pipe system is subject to leak or rupture due to internal and external defects with age. Especially, if the pipeline is designed for pressurized gas, the leak can wreak a devastating on its surrounding area. The current method of setting up underground gas pipeline is based on OGP criteria of applying one tenth of the inner pipe pressure. The criteria is applied irrespective of their burial depth or pipe's properties. At times, even the whole safety measures are totally ignored. Considering the magnitude of possible damage from a gas leakage, a precise analytical tool for the risk assessment is urgently needed. The study was conducted to assess possible scenarios of gas accidents and to develop a computer model to minimize the damage. The data from ETA was analyzed intensively, and the model was developed. The model is capable of predicting jet fire influence area with comprehensive input parameters, such as burial depth. The model was calibrated and verified by the historic accident data from Edison Township, New Jersey, the United States. The statistical model was also developed to compare the results of the model in this study and the existing OGP model. They were in good agreement with respect to damage predictions, such as radiation heat coming from 10 meters away from the heat source of gas flame.