• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

DS/CDMA 시스템 역방향 링크의 파일롯 신호방식으로 파일롯 채널방식과 파일롯 심볼방식이 있다. 파일롯 채널방식은 데이터 채널과 병렬로 파일롯 신호를 전송하며, 파일롯 심볼방식은 데이터 채널과 직렬로 파일롯 신호를 전송한다. 본 연구에서는 이 두 방식을 해석적으로 비교하고 분석하였다. 두 방식을 분석한 결과 이들 두 방식의 성능은 부가잡음, 패이딩정도, 심볼 삽입주기 및 파일롯 채널의 전력에 영향을 받음을 할 수 있었다. 분석결과 파일롯 심볼방식이 파이롯 채널방식보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2023

For Wi-Fi and IoT wireless systems, high-capacity wireless communication technology is being applied using MIMO OFDM. Because of virtu0al subcarriers in the practical MIMO OFDM system, the pilot subcarriers cannot be spaced equally. Thus, it is difficult to obtain a good mean square error (MSE) performance of the channel estimate. This paper proposes applicable methods and the newly discovered locations of pilot subcarriers in four transmitted antennas resulting in a good MSE performance with proposed optimization algorithms.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 제14회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.923-926
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• 2001

In this paper, we investigate a new approach pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing (OFDM) systems. Until now, lots of channel estimation methods are proposed. The pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) has good performance. But, our proposed Algorithm has more good performance than the conventional PSAM system. Our algorithm is that channel estimation performance using the less inserted pilot-symbols systems is almost same to the two times inserted pilot-symbols system. The proposed method is highly robust to fast Rayleigh fading channel. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

In a wireless mobile communication system, a pilot signal has been considered to be a necessary signal for estimating a changing channel between a base station and a terminal. All mobile communication systems developed so far have a specification for transmitting pilot signals. However, although the pilot signal transmission is easy to estimate the channel,(Ed: unclear wording: it is easy to use the pilot signal transmission to estimate the channel?) it should be minimized because it uses radio resources for data transmission. In this paper, we propose a pilotless channel estimation scheme (PCE) by introducing the clustering method of unsupervised learning used in our deep learning into channel estimation.(Ed: highlight- unclear) The PCE estimates the channel using only the data symbols without using the pilot signal at all. Also, to apply PCE to a real system, we evaluated the performance of PCE based on the resource block (RB), which is a resource allocation unit used in LTE. According to the results of this study, the PCE always provides a better mean square error (MSE) performance than the least square estimator using pilots, although it does not use the pilot signal at all. The MSE performance of the PCE is affected by the number of data symbols used and the frequency selectivity of the channel. In this paper, we provide simulation results considering various effects(Ed: unclear, clarify).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1996

Treatment of a synthetic wastewater was made for the purpose of evaluating the performance of a pilot scale of an IFBBR. The particles used in this experiment were circular shaped polystyrene whose density was lower than that of water. The reactor volume was 400 l and the SCOD removal efficiency was more than 90% at HRT of 5 hrs. The IFBBR was successfully operated for 5 months without any significant problems. And it whs certained that IFBBR had a potential capability for treating wastewater.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2011

Pilot and flight crew visual performance in general aviation aircraft operating is paramount for safe operation of the aircraft. Pilot compartment view, instrument and cockpit lighting forms an essential aspect of this visual performance, and therefore warrants guidance and standardization. This study introduces acceptable design criteria for pilot compartment view, instrument and cockpit illumination for general aviation aircraft.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권7C호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2011

직교 주파수 분할 다중화(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; OFDM) 시스템에서 주로 사용되는 파일럿을 이용한 상호상관 채널 추정기법은 시스템의 전송 효율을 증가시키기 위해 적은 수의 파일럿 심볼을 사용 할 경우 채널 추정 성능이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 파일럿 심볼 기반의 OFDM 시스템에서 적은 수의 파일럿 심볼을 사용하여 채널 추정 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 파일럿 심볼 기반 상호상관 채널 추정기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 파일럿 심볼을 이용하여 채널을 추정한 후 임시 데이터 심볼을 검출하고, 검출된 데이터 심볼과 파일럿 심볼을 이용하여 채널을 추정한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안된 기법의 성능을 확인하고, 기존 기법에 비해 우수한 성능을 나타내는 것을 보인다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2023

Membrane separation is widely used for several applications such as water treatment, membrane reactors and climate change. Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) / Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was adopted for the preparation of optimized hollow membrane (HFM) for membrane distillation or other low pressure separators for mechanical properties and permeability under varying pretreatment schemes. HFMs were prepared on semi-pilot membrane fabrication system. Novel adopted post-treatment schemes involved soaking in glycerol, magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and isopropanol for different durations. All fibers were characterized for morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness using atomic force microscope (AFM), elemental composition by examining Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), water contact angle (CA°) and porosity. The performance of the fibers was evaluated for pure water permeation flux (PWF). Post-treatment with MgSO₄ gave the highest both tensile modulus and flux. Assessment of properties and performance revealed comparable results with other organic-inorganic separators, HF or flat. In spite of few reported data on post treatment using MgSO₄ in presence of TEOS, this proves the potential of low cost treatment without negative impact on other membrane properties. The flux is also comparable with hypochlorite which manifests substantial precaution requirements in actual industrial use.The relatively high values of flux/bar for sample treated with TEOS, post treated with MgSO₄ and hypochlorite are 88 and 82 LMH/bar respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.858-865
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• 2006

SMART Pilot is a multipurpose small capacity integral type reactor. Main coolant pump (MCP) of SMART Pilot is a canned-motor-type axial pump to circulate the primary coolant between nuclear fuel and steam generator in the primary system. The reactor is designed to operate under condition of $310^{\circ}C$ and 14.7MPa. Thus MCP has to be tested under same operating condition as reactor design condition to verify its performance and safety. In present wort a test apparatus to simulate real operating situations of the reactor has been designed and constructed to test MCP. And then functional tests, performance tests, and endurance tests have been carried out upon a prototype MCP. Canned motor characteristics, homologous head/torque curves, coast-down curves, NPSH curves and lift-time performance variations were obtained from the qualification test as well as hydraulic performance characteristics of MCP.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2007

주파수 선택적 도플러 시변 채널 환경 하에서 파일럿 패턴에 따라 결정되는 ORDM 시스템의 비트 오류율 성능을 분석한다. 시변 채널 추정 에러로 인하여 비트 오류율 성능 열화가 발생된다. 이러한 성능 열화를 충분히 작게 하기 위하여 파일럿 심볼들은 주파수 축 상에서 5 부반송파 간격 이하로, 시간 축 상에서 6 OFDM 블록 간격 이하로 배치되어야 함을 알 수 있다.