• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.299-307
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the financial hardships affecting the quality of life of cancer survivors. Method: Data were collected from five convalescent hospitals using self-administered questionnaires, and 422 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. We used a 5-step hierarchical multiple-regression analysis by entering each sociodemographic variable, medical variable, and three types of financial hardship (a material situation, the psychological response, and coping behavior coming from cancer treatment cost) into each step. Results: The results of statistical analysis indicate that the most influential factor in the quality of life was the financial difficulty, which was the frustration that they could not work as usual or support their family financially. In addition, the performance of physical activity, accompanying diseases, women patients, psychological burden on cancer treatment cost, the satisfaction of communication with medical staff for medical expenses, and the feeling unsuccessful financial coping strategy were predictors for the quality of life of cancer survivors. Conclusion: This study provides a blueprint for the development of intervention programs in practice to improve the quality of life of cancer patients, clinical intervention plans, and health policies.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the changes to nursing activities of nurses on patients with DNR (Do-Not-Resuscitate) order and factors associated to the changes. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire for 173 nurses at general hospitals. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the data using SAS 9.4. Results: With 39 nursing activities, an average of 60.4 (34.9%) nurses reported an increase in the activities, 102.4 (59.2%) no change and 10.1 (5.9%) a drop. The activity increase was the greatest in the social area, and the physical area was where the activities decreased the most. The activity increase was associated knowledge competency (9 items), attitudes (2 items), practical competency (4 items) and work load (14 items were). Conclusion: To offer systematical care for DNR patients, it is necessary to expand nurses' knowledge through end-of-life education and adjust their workload and provide a support system at the department level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.428-446
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• 1997

Restorative procedures can lead to weakening tooth due to reduction and alteration of tooth structure. It is essential to prevent fractures to conserve tooth. The resistance to fracture of the restored tooth may be influenced by many factors, among these are the cavity dimension and the physical properties of the restorative material. The placement of direct composite resin restorations has generally been found to have a strengthening effect on the prepared teeth. It is the purpose of this investigation to study the relationship between the cavity isthmus and the fracture resistance of a tooth in composite resin restorations. In this study, MO cavity was prepared on maxillary first premolar. Three dimensional finite element models were made by serial photographic method and isthmus(1/4, 1/3, 1/2 of intercuspal distance) were varied. Two types of model(B and R model) were developed. B model was assumed perfect bonding between the restoration and cavity wall and R model was left unfilled. A load of 500N was applied vertically at the first node from the lingual slope of the buccal cusp tip. This study analysed the displacement, 1 and 2 direction normal stress and strain with FEM software ABAQUS Version 5.2 and hardware IRIS 4D/310 VGX Work-station. The results were as follows : 1. Displacement of buccal cusp in R model occurred and increased as widening of the cavity, and displacement in B model was little and not influenced by cavity width. 2. There was a significant decrease of stress resulting in increase of fracture resistance in B model when compared with R model. 3. With the increase of the isthmus width, B model showed no change in the stress and strain. In R model, the stress and strain increased both in the area of buccal-pulpal line angle and the buccal side of marginal ridge, therefore the possibility of crack increased. 4. The stress and strain were distributed evenly on the tooth in B model, but in R model, were concentrated on the buccal side of the distal marginal ridge and buccal-pulpal line angle, therefore the possibility of fracture increased.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.364-378
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• 2015

As safety Issue becomes one of the hot topics, practical researches and feasible policies are in needs not only for central government but also local officers. The previous studies focused on organizational or institutional approaches and on functional efficiencies, especially how to integrate disaster data at every stage of disaster from preparedness to recovery. Physical and social environments differ from among others, top-down disaster management plan cannot work, and therefore more practical statistics and survey is required to prepare the safety management plan for local government. We aim to suggest a safety environment survey framework and to apply it to two guns (Muan and Goheung). We considered main factors of the framework based on legal requirement for safety index and four stages of disaster progress. Two guns are located in remote area and have a population who are weak to disaster. Action items were drawn from the survey and analysis from the framework respectively. We expect this framework to be expanded to include more urbanized and complex areas.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.565-575
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of weight of load and time on the physical workload of repetitive upper-limb tasks with handling light weight loads using EMG and perceived discomfort, and to investigate the relationship between EMG and perceived discomfort for those repetitive tasks of moving light weight loads. Background: Repetitive upper-limb motion is known as one of the main risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and a lot of repetitive tasks are carried out while handling light weight loads in the industry. In evaluating the workload of repetitive tasks handling light weight loads, EMG and perceived discomfort can be used, though their relationship in those work conditions are not much investigated. Method: A laboratory experiment with 18 healthy males were conducted to record EMG signals from 5 muscle sites of the right arm and shoulder and rate perceived discomforts for the body parts and the whole body while carrying out repetitive materials-handling tasks for 52min. The subjects were divided into 3 groups which handled the loads of 1kg, 2kg and 3kg, respectively. ANOVAs were conducted to analyze the effects of the weight and time on RMS of EMG amplitude (normalized RMS: NRMS), median frequency of power spectrum of EMG (normalized MDF: NMDF) and perceived discomfort. The correlations between NRMS and NMDF and perceived discomfort were also analyzed. Results: Statistically significant muscular fatigue effects were not found from NRMS and NMDF in most muscles, while there were significant increases of discomfort as the task time elapsed. It was shown that there were an increasing trend of the muscular activity as the weight of load increased and a decreasing trend of median frequency of EMG of upper and lower arms as time elapsed. It was found that there were significant negative correlations between NMDFs from the lower arm and discomfort ratings, though the relationships were weak. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the working conditions adopted in this study were not enough to induce muscular fatigue, while there was significant increase in perceived discomfort. A further study is necessary to integrate the objective and subjective measures for more reliable and sensitive evaluation of workload of repetitive tasks of handling light weight loads. Application: This study can be used as a basic study for the evaluation of workload of repetitive tasks handling light weight loads.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.747-755
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• 2010

Distributed Models have relative weak points due to the amount of computer memory and calculation time required for calculating water flow using a numerical analysis based on kinematic wave theory when compared to the conceptual models used so far. Typically, the distributed models have been mainly applied to small basins. It was necessary to decrease the resolution of the grid to make it applicable for large scale watersheds, and because it would take up too much time to calculate using a higher resolution. That has been one of the more difficult factors in applying the model for actual work. In this paper, MPI (Message Passing Interface) technique was applied to solve the problem of calculation time as it is one of the demerits of the distributed model for performing physical and complicated numerical calculations for large scale watersheds. The comparison studies were performed a single domain and a divided small domain in Yongdam Dam watershed in case of typoon 'Ewiniar' at 2006. They were compared to analyze the application effects of parallelization technique. As a result, a maximum of 10 times the amount of calculation time was saved but keeping the level of quality for discharge by using parallelization code rather than a single processor.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.571-580
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• 2010

Coastal shoreline movement due to erosion and deposition is a major concern for coastal zone management. Shoreline is changed by nature factor or development of coastal. Change of shoreline is threatening marine environment and destroying. Therefore, we need monitoring of shoreline change with time series analysis for coastal zone management. In this study, we analyzed the shoreline change using airphotograph, LiDAR and satellite imagery from 1971 to 2009 in Uljin, Gyeongbuk, Korea. As a result, shoreline near of the nuclear power plant show linear pattern in 1971 and 1980, however the pattern of shoreline is changed after 2000. As a result of long-term monitoring, shoreline pattern near of the nuclear power plant is changed by erosion toward sea. The pattern of shoreline near of KORDI until 2003 is changed due to deposition toward sea, but the new pattern toward land is developed by erosion from 2003 to 2009. The shoreline is changed by many factors. However, we will guess that change of shoreline within study area is due to construction of nuclear power plant. In the future work, we need sedimentary and physical studies.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.38
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

The physical access or control of records with material entities is relatively easy. However, in the case of electronic records, due to its heightened applicative aspect that allows anyone with the authority to have access over the data, it requires an appropriate standard and stability to ensure the authenticity and integrity of electronic records. This study performed functional evaluation by extracting the minimum critical items from the national functional requirements documents and standards to explore the access control function that play an important role for the standard records management system to maintain quality requirements of electronic records. Based on this checklist, it evaluates whether the standard records management system properly carries out the access control function and investigates the current condition of application to practical records management work. Records managers generally do not use access control function, which may be because they do not feel the necessity, since the application of records management system is not yet actively promoted. In order for the standard records management system to be developed to become a more active system, it requires system improvement as well as considerations for below factors: First, although the necessity of establishing access control conditions is already recognized, it requires a clear stipulation of the regulation. Second, measures must be taken to implement access control in the records management system through document security solution. Third, it requires self-reflection of records manager, who utilizes the records management system. Instead of placing all responsibility on the National Archives, which established the system, professionals must further develop the system through continuous evaluation and improvement. Finally, a general discussion is required to publicize the issue of functional improvement of records management system. Although there is a bulletin board already created for this purpose, its users are extremely limited and it only deals with current problems. A space in online as well as in offline is required to solve the fundamental problems and exchange opinions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.138-147
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop a measuring tool for the health promotion behavior of Korean nurses. This would address the lack of a proven tool that reflects the nature of the nurses' nursing environment. This study was conducted on 530 nurses from January to December 2019. A literature review and focus group interview were conducted, data analysis was carried out to measure validity and reliability, and the conceptual framework was constructed by applying the IMB model. Five factors namely self-concept (2 questions), hospital life management (4 questions), knowledge and information regarding health (5 questions), physical and mental stress management (3 questions), and work adaptation (2 questions) were framed into 16 questions. The model fit was 346.23 (��<.001), Parsimonious Normed Fit Index (PNFI) was 0.60, and Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index (PCFI) was 0.63, which met the acceptance criteria, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.10. Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was 0.88, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.85, and Incremental Fit Index (IFI) was 0.85 which were found to be acceptable as per the applicable standards. All items had a Cronbach's �� score of .85, which ensured stable reliability. The nurse's health promotion behavior measurement tool developed in this study will be used to measure the nurse's health promotion behavior in terms of nursing practice which will help in understanding the broad contours of this behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2022

SST (Sea Surface Temperature) is based on the atmosphere-ocean interaction, one of the most important mechanisms for the Earth system. Because it is a crucial oceanic and meteorological factor for understanding climate change, gap-free grid data at a specific spatial and temporal resolution is beneficial in SST studies. This paper examined the production of daily SST grid maps from 137 stations in 2020 through the ordinary kriging with variogram optimization and their accuracy assessment. The variogram optimization was achieved by WLS (Weighted Least Squares) method, and the blind tests for the interpolation accuracy assessment were conducted by an objective and spatially unbiased sampling scheme. The four-round blind tests showed a pretty high accuracy: a root mean square error between 0.995 and 1.035℃ and a correlation coefficient between 0.981 and 0.982. In terms of season, the accuracy in summer was a bit lower, presumably because of the abrupt change in SST affected by the typhoon. The accuracy was better in the far seas than in the near seas. West Sea showed better accuracy than East or South Sea. It is because the semi-enclosed sea in the near seas can have different physical characteristics. The seasonal and regional factors should be considered for accuracy improvement in future work, and the improved SST can be a member of the SST ensemble around South Korea.