• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Different physical and chemical properties of biochar, which is made out of a variety of biomass materials, can impact water movement through amended soil. The objective of this research was to develop a decision support tool evaluating the impact of the shape and the size distribution of biochar on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_{sat}$). METHODS AND RESULTS: Plastic beads of different size and morphology were compared with biochar to assess impacts on soil $K_{sat}$. Bead and biochar were added at the rate of 5% (v/w) to coarse sand. The particle size of bead and biochar had an effect on the $K_{sat}$, with larger and smaller particle sizes than the original sand grain (0.5 mm) decreasing the $K_{sat}$ value. The equivalent size bead or biochar to the sand grains had no impact on $K_{sat}$. The amendment shape also influenced soil hydraulic properties, but only when the particle size was between 3-6 mm. Intra-particle porosity had no significant influence on the $K_{sat}$ due to its small pore size and increased tortuosity compared to the inter-particle spaces (macro-porosity). CONCLUSION: The results supported the conclusion that both particle size and shape of the amended biochar impacted the $K_{sat}$ value.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2020

Vibrations of a wind turbine blade have a negative impact on its performance and result in failure of the blade, therefore an approach to effectively control vibration in turbine blades are sought by wind industry. The small domestic horizontal axis wind turbine blades induce flap wise (out-of-plane) vibration, due to varying wind speeds. These flap wise vibrations are transferred to the structure, which even causes catastrophic failure of the system. Shape memory alloys which possess physical property of variable stiffness across different phases are embedded into the composite blades for active vibration control. Previously Shape memory alloys have been used as actuators to change their angles and orientations in fighter jet blades but not used for active vibration control for wind turbine blades. In this work a GFRP blade embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) and tested for its vibrational and material damping characteristics, under martensitic and austenite conditions. The embedment portrays 47% reduction in displacement of blade, with respect to the conventional blade. An analytical model for the actuated smart blade is also proposed, which validates the harmonic response of the smart blade.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

Recently, research on evaluating thermal comfort by using CFD has been vigorously active. This research evaluates not only distribution of temperature and air flow analysing but also thermal comfort in indoor space by applying human model. But research of human model's shape, Grid characteristic and turbulence model has not yet been studied. In this paper, human model's shape, physical characteristic of variable Grid, and change of turbulence model has been studies by CFD. In this study. FLUENT is used for analysis and PMV(predicted Mean Vote), PPD(Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) and EHT(Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature} are used for evaluation and comparison of thermal comfort. As a result, it shows that shape of CSP and lattice features does not affect on global flow field or evaluation on PMV, PPD. However, it demonstrates more precise result from evaluation of thermal comfort by equivalent temperature when it used detailed human model considering prism grid.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2000

A monitoring and the forecasting system for the swine delivery was developed using CCD camera multi-function board microphone and data-recorder equipped on a personal computer. For the swine delivery monitoring and forecasting factors four factors were selected such as genitalia swine body shape breast color and sound. Image of physical variation of body shape, shape and color of genitalia area and color of breast of pregnant sow were grabbed using the CCD color camera and multi-function board and variation of voice of pregnant sow was acquired using microphone and data recorder. Acquired information of image and voice were analyzed using a custom developed algorithm and program. The result of the forecasting efficiency of swine delivery was 89%, 71% and 100% using the variation of genitalia are the body shape and the voice of pregnant sow. respectively. The efficiency of image processing was 100% for the delivery detection when the piglet was delivered half of its body from genitalia of pregnant sow, The monitoring and forecasting system informed the estimated time of the delivery of swine to a farm manager immediately if an estimated and established time set by the farm manager was the same and/or the estimated time ws earlier than the established time and the system detected the delivery.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.416-422
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• 2016

We have investigated the effects of applied potential, deposition time and electrolyte types on shapes and physical properties of Cu dendrites by potentiostatic electrodeposition. Finer shape of dendrites was observed at less cathodic potential by 100mV than at the limiting current, due to 'effective overpotential'. The shape of copper dendrite is related to the deposition time, too. The dendrite depositing for 10 min showed the finest shape. The finer dendrite has the less apparent density and the larger specific surface area. Dendrite from chloride solution has the lowest density and the largest surface area among three plating solutions, sulfate, chloride and pyrophosphate.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.15-21
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• 2001

Shape-controlled copper oxides have been recovered from copper-containing waste etchant by neutralization with alkalihydroxide. Large amount of copper-containing waste etchant is generated from Printed Circuit Board industry. In an environmental and economic point of view, retrieve of the valuable natural resource from the waste is important. In recycling process of copper oxide from the waste etchant, reaction temperature controls shapes and sizes of the products. Copper oxide recovered below reaction temperature $40^{\circ}C$ was of a needle shape, while copper oxide comes in a platy shape above $40 ^{\circ}C$ . Physical properties of samples have been characterized using SEM, XRD, TGA and Atomic absorption spectroscopy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.134-147
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to create smart wear that brings out the perspective person's individuality and creativity wearing these garments through various interactions. It is intended to build a prototype for a "Shape-folding Dress", which is length-adjustable skirt that responses with the environment of the wearer. In this process, four basic physical properties can be identified with fabric samples selected which are relatively stiff, including fusible interlining, organdy, silk, and ramie. In addition, two types of folding pattern specimens, "Basic Pattern" and "Diamond Pattern", and heat-steam were used to make the specimens so that the correlation could be calculated by recovery rate among flexing, stiffness and tensile properties. As a result, compared to other fabrics, the silk showed low stress to repeat folding and unfolding process, and its recovery rate of elongation deformation was stable without being affected by the different folding types and twice repeated process. In this study, forming a circuit using an Arduino, illuminance sensor, motors, and pulley, the prototype was created with a silk fabric.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2023

The Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM) has been proposed to overcome the difficulties associated with the use of the Radial Basis Functions (RBFs). The RPIM has the following properties: Simple implementation in terms of boundary conditions as in the Finite Element Method (FEM). A less expensive CPU time compared to other collocation meshless methods such as the Moving Least Square (MLS) collocation method. In this work, we propose an adaptive high-order numerical algorithm based on RPIM to simulate the thermoviscoplastic behavior of a material mixing observed in the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process. The proposed adaptive meshfree RPIM algorithm adapts well to the geometric and physical data by choosing a good shape parameter with a good precision. Our numerical approach combines the RPIM and the Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM). A numerical procedure is also proposed in this work to automatically determine an improved shape parameter for the RBFs. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is analyzed in comparison with an iterative algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out changes in muscle activity and body heat of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles according to the area touching the ground through the areas of different heel heights using electromyography and infrared thermography. Method: This study was carried out for 15 healthy women. After walking for 30 minutes, the body temperature was measured in a standing state in front of the measuring instrument, and the distance between the treadmill and the thermography was about 50M, which may cause an error in measurement. Result: The results of the comparison of changes in muscle activity and body heat showed significant differences all in tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius muscle an lateral gastrocnemius muscle. The changes in body heat of tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles according to the shape of the heel were lower as the area of the heel touching the ground was wider. Conclusion: This study was conducted to find out changes in muscle activity and body heat of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle depending on the area touching the ground through different heel areas.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine whether high voltage pulsed current stimulation (HVPCS) would enhance wound healing in neuropathic rabbits. Ten rabbits were assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The wounded part around the peripheral neuropathy of the experimental rabbits was stimulated for two hours twice a day for six days under the following conditions: pulse frequency 80 pps, pulse duration $100{\mu}s$, and stimulation intensity 30~40 V. The results indicated that there was no difference in the wound closure between the experimental and control groups. The two groups showed similar aspects in collagen and reticulum, which were observed by colored Masson's trichome. While the rabbits in the control group had more or less thick fibers, the rabbits in the experimental group had thin and branched-shape fibers. The rabbits in the experimental group showed both strong responses in the shaping of elastic fibers and the increased aspects in fibroblast when compared with the control group.