• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.132-146
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to analyze the trends and content of all the research (171 research papers) published in the Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing from 1994, when it began to 2000 using an objective tool developed by the researches, and to identify the direction for the future research in Fundamentals of Nursing. Method: Research published in the Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing from 1994 were reviewed. Result: Most of research (94.2%) was non-degree based and funded research was very limited. The average number of researchers per research study was 2.2 and collaborative research has been gradually increasing. The total number of key words was 331 and the average was 2.6 per research. The major key words were not different from other nursing departments and included home care nursing (10 times), health promotion (8 times), self-care (7 times). self-efficacy (7 times), and homo-dialysis (6 times). Eighty seven percent of the research was quantitative research. and there were very few qualitative studies. Considering theory level, it was found that 40% were factor related research For study design, non-experimental studies were most frequent (66%), and the rate, especially of surveys, has remarkably decreased. Selection of subjects by convenience sampling, was most frequent and there were very few studies that provided the rationale for the calculation of sample size. The major subjects of study were patients (44.8%) with various diagnoses. The subjects usually gave oral consent to take part in that study. Giving information (46.9%) and exercise (26.5%) were common nursing interventions, and physiological indices (16.5%). vital signs (10.3%), physical functioning (8.2%), level of knowledge/skill (7.2%) and level of activity (6.2%) were frequently measured as outcome. Variables questionnaires were the major approach used to collect data, and 57.8% of the research provided the Cronbach alpha to guarantee internal consistency of study instruments. Data were analyzed with computerized statistical packages using, ANOVA (42.0%), T test(39.5%), and chi-square test. For the last seven years, nursing research in Fundamentals of Nursing has gradually improved in both quantify and quality. Conclusion: It was difficult to find any uniqueness or difference compared to other departments of nursing. In fact, because the history of the Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing is rather short, we can expect that there will be further improvement in qualify and content in the future.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.128-162
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• 1996

Using Random Sampling, the authors measured the body heights and weights of 31,151 persons - 17,102 in males and 14,049 in females from metropolitan, urban and rural areas between 6 to over 80 year old - for the purpose of investigating the type and the actual condition of the Korean's growth and development. At first, on the basis of the results, the authors measured the growth and development, various kinds of physiques, nutritional index of the 6 to 20s age group. Second, the authors presented the standard body weight of males and females by their body height, who were in the end of their growth (20-29 age group). Third, the authors calculated and presented the normal adapted body weight of the age group who were over 30 age after the growth had been completed. Forth, the author presented the obesity rate of the adults over 20 years old by body mass index. Finally, the authors compared chronological change of the Koreans' body heights and body weights with the results of other researchers. 1. Body Measurement Rapid growth, in terms of body height, which is described by a straight line on a growth curve has been observed among males in the ages 6-13 and among females 6-14. That growth curve turned out to be slower among the people of higher ages by both sexes. The cross-over occurred in both sexes at 11-14. The highest growth rate for a year is at 13-16 for males and 11-13 for females. This indicates that females enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than males. 2. Various Physiques and Nutritional Index Rapid growth, in terms of Relative Body Weight Index, which is described by a straight line, has been observed among males in the ages 6-16 and females in the ages 6-14. The cross-over occurred in both sexes 12.5-14.5 age in the adolescencent period. Whereupon females outgrow males. The Roher Index displayed more good value in case of females than male and in the adolescent period, the level of fullness is lower than after the completion of development. The Kaup Indices of both sexes increase with age. The index is less than 2.0 for males in 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state4 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state Body Mass Index is less than 20 for males 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group. In the case of the higher age group, that index maintains a normal state.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2005

Objectives : We wanted to evaluate the relationship between obesity and left colonic adenomatous polyps in Korean adult men. Methods : This study was conducted among 575 adults men (aged between 40 and 69), who had colonoscopy done from January to December 2002 during a routine health examination at Health Promotion Center, Ulsan University Hospital. The patients' colons were examined up to splenic flexure by using fiberoptic colonoscopy. A questionnaire survey on behavioral factors and physical measurements were also done. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were used as the indices of obesity. The BMI was categorized into three levels: normal ($BMI{\leq}22.9$), overweight ($23{\leq}BMI{\leq}24.9$), and obese ($BMI{\geq}25.0$). The WHR was categorized into four levels with cutoff points at the 30th, 60th, and 90th percentile of the control group. Age, education, smoking, alcohol use and exercise were controlled for by performing multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : There were 99 cases of colonic adenomatous polyps. Four hundred seventy six subjects with normal colonoscopy findings served as the control. The BMI and WHR were associated with the adenomatous polyps (odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI=1.02-3.19] for a $BMI{\geq}25.0$ as compared with a $BMI{\leq}22.9$, odds ratio, 3.94 [95% CI=1.77-8.77] for a $WHR{\geq}0.95$ as compared with a $WHR{\leq}0.86$). The BMI was not associated with the risk of adenomatous polyps after additional adjustment was made for the WHR, but the association between the WHR and adenomatous polyps was still positive and independent of the BMI (odds ratio, 4.15 [95% CI=1.63-10.59]). Conclusions : The results support that obesity, and particularly abdominal obesity, can be associated with an increased risk of incurring colonic adenomatous polyps.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.287-303
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• 2009

한라산 정상부의 백록담 암체는 백록담조면현무암이 분포하는 동측구역과 한라산조면암이 분포하는 서측구역으로 구분된다. 백록담에서 진행되는 풍화, 암벽붕괴, 낙반은 전반적으로 백록담 서측구역에 분포하는 한라산 조면암의 풍화작용과 밀접한 연관성을 가지며, 동측구역에서는 개별 암석 블록들의 국지적 붕락현상이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 한라산조면암 분포지역의 지질학적 특성을 조사하였으며, 풍화단계별로 조면암 시료를 채취하여 편광현미경분석, X-선 회절분석, 지화학적 분석, 공학적 특성시험을 수행하였다. SEM, XRD, XRF 분석을 통하여 2차 변질광물의 종류와 함량 및 광물조성 변화를 관찰한 결과 점토광물이 확인될 정도의 심한 화학적풍화작용은 발생하지 않았지만 풍화에 따른 화학적풍화지수와 주요원소의 함량 변화에 대한 분석 결과에 의거할때 화학성분의 용탈에 의한 미약한 화학적풍화작용이 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 풍화에 기인된 암석의 공학적특성변화를 고찰하기 위하여 밀도, 비중, 흡수율, 공극률, 탄성파속도, 일축압축강도, 슬레이크내구성지수, 동결-융해시험을 수행하였다. 인공풍화시험을 통한 균열발현 양상과 물리적 특성 측정 결과 기계적풍화작용은 미세균열 및 공극을 발달시켜 암반의 역학적 강도 저하를 야기하고 있으며, 기계적풍화 진행에 의한 추가적인 공극률 저하 양상을 고려할 때 $D_B$ = 1.5 또는 공극률 = $20{\sim}21%$ 범위에서 한라산조면암의 공학적 강도 특성이 소멸될 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.431-452
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• 1993

This study was done to determine the effect of music therapy on stress and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre -post test design. The subjects consisted of 21 patients who received hemodialysis in two hospitals located in Kwang Ju. The fourteen receiving treatment in one hospital were assigned to the experimental group and the seven in the other hospital to the control group. Data were gathered from December 14, 1992 to January 16, 1993 through questionnaires and physiological measurement. Data were analyzed by the SAS package using frequency, t-test, paired t-test and Pearson Prod uct - Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups on stress scores and quality of life scores before the treatment. 2. The mean score on the psychological stress scale for the patients undergoing hemodialysis was 2.48 out of a maximum mean score of four, the items with high stress scores were “feeling of weakness and annoyed by everything”, “limitation of food”, “limitation of fluid”, “change in skin color” in that order. The psychological category showed the highest stress score followed by developmental, scoioeconomic and physiological stress categories in that order. 3. In the experimental group, post - test diastolic blood pressure decerased significantly(t=3.24, p=0.0064), but in the control group pre and post - test diastolic blood pressure were not different. 4. There was no difference between the two groups on the pre and post -test psychological stress scores or the depression scores. 5. The mean score of quality of life for patients undergoing hemodialysis was 2.75 out of a maxi-mum mean score of five. The category of ‘emtional state’ showed the highest score followed by ‘self - esteem’, ‘physical state and function’, ‘economic life’, ‘relationship with neighbors’ and ‘family relationship’ categories in that order. There was no significant difference in the pre and post - test quality of life scores between the two groups. 6. Hypothesis 1 that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy is divided into two sub - hypotheses. 1) The first sub-hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less physiological stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was partly supported. Among three physiological stress indices (pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), only diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly after the treatment in the experimental group. 2) The second sub-hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less psychological stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was not supported. Psychological stress score and depression score were not significantly different before and after the treatment. 7. Hypothesis 2 that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have a higher quality of life score than patients undergoing. hemodialysis who did not received music therapy was not supported. There were no significant changes in the quality of life scores before and after the treatment.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.337-352
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse research trends related to the evaluation of quality of nursing, thereby obtaining basic data relating to the identification of current situation of instrument development of quality of nursing, and of future research orientation and to the development of performance index of nursing organization. Method: The data were collected from June to December, 2002 through the review of total of 32 research papers which had evaluated quality of nursing among published papers in Korea from 1976 to August 2002. The analysis was done in terms of research period, the periodicals in which research papers were published, domains and the approaches of evaluation of nursing quality. The content analysis of lowest-level items amounting was performed using NIC developed by McCloskey & Bulecheck(1998) and consequential indices of quality of nursing developed by Chi(1995). Results: Twenty-three of 32 papers(71.8%) turned out to be published after 1995, indicating surging interest in the evaluation of quality of nursing from the mid 1990s. Also, ten of 12 research papers dealing with subjects' diseases were published after 1995. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the process-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, the highest nursing intervention was patient education about procedure and treatment; followed in descending order by patient education about disease process, strengthening of communication, managing environment, infection control, admission care, defecation and urination care. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the outcome-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, items of physical and psychological state, of patient and family satisfaction, of knowledge and home care, of change of patients' state, of addressing nursing issues, and of patient recovery were the outcome indicators in more than 60 percent research papers. Conclusion: The findings provided the foundation for their effective use in nursing practice with comparing and presenting various core evaluation items representing process and outcome domains.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1993

본 연구는 자연스런 환경에 있는 다수인의 소비에너지를 측정하고자 할 때 보다 간편하면서도 정확하게 소비에너지를 측정 할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고, 또 우리나라 여대생의 일일 소비에너지와 비만도에 다른 소비에너지 및 활동강도의 차이를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 여대생 82명을 대상으로 15-min check list와 calorie counter에 의한 두가지 방법으로 3일간의 소비에너지를 측정하여 두 방법에 의해 측정된 소비에너지의 관계를 검토하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 일일의 소비에너지는 15-min check list에 의한 경우가 1963 kcal였고, calorie counter에 의한 경우가 1649kcal로 국내에서 보고된 타 연구결과와 비교해 볼 때 15-min check list에 의한 측정치는 비슷하였으나, calorie counter로 측정할 때에는 실제보다 낮게 측정되는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 두 방법이 모두 신체 계측치와 상관성이 높았고, 또 두 방법사이에 상관도도 매우 높았으므로 calorie counter로 측정한 값을 'DEE by 15-min check list=3.31186+1.18837$\times$DEE by calorie counter' 의 식에 의해 15-min check list값으로 환산해 주면 다수인을 대상으로 측정할 때 보다 간편하면서도 정확하게 소비에너지를 측정해 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 2)상대적 비만도에 따라 세군으로 나누었을 때 소비에너지와 활동강도가 세군에서 유의하게 달랐다. 또 자신의 활동을 15분 단위로 기록하게 한 뒤 활동등급별로 집계한 결과 활동등급 1의 빈도수가 저체중군이나 정상체중군에 비해 과체중군에서 유의하게 높았고 반면 활동등급 3의 경우에는 과체중군이 저체중군에 비 해 유의하게 빈도수가 낮아서 과체중군이 덜 활동적이라고 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.830-835
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• 2011

보리순 분말이 yellow layer cake의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 보리순 분말을 밀가루의 0, 2, 4, 6, 및 8%의 수준으로 대체하여 첨가하였다. 보리순 분말을 함유한 반죽의 점성은 대조구보다 증가하였으며 반죽의 비중은 낮게 나타났다. 케이크의 비체적은 시료간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. Volume index는 대조구가 가장 낮게 나타났으며 symmetry index와 uniformity index는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 보리순 분말의 함량이 커질수록 껍질 특유의 적갈색이 나타나지 않았으며, 내부색은 보리순의 함량이 증가할수록 진한 녹색을 나타냈다. 저장기간 동안의 경도는 보리순 분말을 6%, 8% 함유한 케이크들이 낮게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과는 8% 케이크에 대한 기호도가 다른 시료들 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났으나, 그 외 보리순 분말을 2%, 4%, 및 6% 함유한 케이크들은 내부색을 제외하고는 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 밀가루의 일부를 보리순으로 대체하여 yellow layer cake를 제조하는 경우에는 6% 이하의 농도에서는 케이크의 품질이나 기호도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.687-706
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• 2018

유기 농업은 토양에 물리적, 화학적 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 이에 따른 군집 구조와 생태적 영향을 통해 생물 다양성과 직접적으로 연관되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 2017년 4월부터 10월까지 충청북도 괴산 내 유기 농법 및 관행 농법 시행 논과 밭에서 육상 및 저서 무척추동물상 모니터링을 수행하고 그에 따른 종 다양성의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 네 곳에서 총 680종(14,371개체)이 확인되었으며 유기 농법을 시행하는 지역에서 더 많은 종 수가 확인되었다. 특히 개체 수에 따른 다양한 지수 분석을 시행한 결과, 유기 농법 시행 논에서 관행 농법 시행 논에 비해 약 40% 높은 다양성이 관찰되었고, 밭의 경우 유기 농법 시행 지역에서 약 10% 높은 다양성이 확인되었다. 종 풍부도의 경우 유기 농법 시행 논에서 약 60% 높게 나타났고, 유기 농법 시행 밭에서는 약 40% 높게 나타났다. 우점도와 균등도 지수 분석 결과, 관행 농법 시행 논에서만 낮은 균등도와 특정 종의 우점도가 높게 나타나 부분적인 우점화 현상이 나타나고 있음을 확인하였다. 종 분포의 경우 네 곳 모두에서 노린재목, 파리목, 거미목의 다양성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 개체 수의 경우 유기 농법 시행 지역에서는 노린재목, 파리목, 거미목, 벌목의 개체 수가 가장 많았고, 관행 농법 시행 지역에서는 파리목, 노린재목, 거미목, 딱정벌레목의 개체 수가 높게 나타났다.