• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2003

Insomnia is a disorder of initiation and maintenance of sleep that is derived from multiple factors such as psychologic, physiological and environmental problems. A number of stroke patients suffer from insomnia classified as one of the sleep disorders associated with physical illness and on the contrary insomnia may have profound deleterious effects on the natural course of stroke. Sedative-hypnotics including benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine have widely been used in chronic insomniacs. However, most hypnotics cause dependence, tolerance, impaired daytime function and rebound insomnia. Therefore, we are looking forward to proposing an effective oriental treatment for insomnia. We report two cases of insomniacs, treated with Changpoulgeumtang. After the treatment, insomnia and other accompanied symptoms were improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.108-111
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• 2000

We will illustrate the topographical structure and optical structure of the merocyanine dye LB films obtained by the scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy (SNOAM). SNOAM was recognized as a powerful tool to modify the surface as well as to characterize the topography of the surface at atomic resolution, especially for optical reaction materials. SNOAM images showed that the topographical and optical structures of these films were not only depended on the chemical property but also physical property. In the continuous measurement on these dyes, the appearance of near-field optical transmission images showed a certain dependence on the kinds of dyes and the mutual mixing ratios of dyes. These experimental results suggest that there is a certain kind of interaction between these two dyes.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 1991

Thermoluminescent phosphors, which are now being used widely in radiation dosimetry, have an excellent sensitivity to ionizing radiation. In this study, thermoluminescent phosphors of $CaSO_4$ : Mn, $CaSO_4$ : Dy and $CaSO_4$ : Tm are prepared and their physical properties are investigated by measuring the trapping parameters and their luminescent spectra. By considering the sensitivity to X-ray and fading characteristics, $CaSO_4$ : Dy is most adequate to imaging plate. The imaging plate are prepared by coating the $CaSO_4$ : Dy powder on the Al substrate and its dose dependence is linear within the range of 40 mGy-20 Gy X-ray. The sensitivity of imaging plate depends linearly on the thickness of coated phosphor layer up to $35\;mg/cm^2$ and is independent on the grain size of the phosphor in the range of $70{\sim}250\;{\mu}m$. By photographing the imaging plate, X-ray images of the test object are obtained and better than those of X-ray films.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Carbon monoxide (CO) is not only an important intermediate species in chemical reaction mechanisms of hydrocarbon fuel combustion, but also a crucial pollutant species emitted from automotive engines. To better understand the physical processes impacting CO emissions, the development of laser-based measurement techniques that can visualize in-cylinder CO distributions is desirable. Among these techniques, Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is a sensitive and species-selective detection technique capable of good spatial resolution. However, some technical matters such as deep UV excitation, severe pressure dependency of the LIF signal, and potential interference from other species have been major challenges for CO LIF application. This study is focused on investigating the feasibility of CO two-photon LIF in a direct-injection diesel engine operating at typical pressure and temperature conditions with commercial grade diesel fuel. Spectroscopic analysis shows that the CO fluorescence signal can be separated from $C_2$ Swan band or broadband fluorescence from PAHs when the signal is collected near 483 nm. The signal-to-noise ratio of CO LIF deteriorate rapidly as pressure is increased, following $P^{-1.49}$ which matches the theoretical signal pressure dependency.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.291-299
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• 2000

Morphine or butorphanol was continuously infused into cerebroventricle (i.c.v.) with the rate of $26\;nmol/{\mu}l/h$ for 3 days, and the withdrawal from opioid was rendered 7 hrs after the stopping of infusion. The expression of physical dependence produced by these opioids was evaluated by measuring the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs. The withdrawal signs produced in animals dependent on butorphanol (kappa opioid receptor agonist) were similar to those of morphine (mu opioid receptor agonist). Besides the behavioral modifications, opioid withdrawal affected G protein expression in the central nervous system. The G-protein ${\alpha}-subunit$ has been implicated in opioid tolerance and withdrawal. The effects of continuous infusion of morphine or butorphanol on the modulation of G protein ${\alpha}-subunit$ mRNA were investigated by using in situ hybridization study. In situ hybridization showed that the levels of $G\;{\alpha}s$ and $G\;{\alpha}i$ were changed during opioid withdrawal. Specifically, the level of $G\;{\alpha}s$ mRNA was decreased in the cortex and cerebellar granule layer during the morphine and butorphanol withdrawal. The level of $G\;{\alpha}i$ mRNA was decreased in the dentate gyrus and cerebellar granule layer during the morphine withdrawal. However, the level of $G\;{\alpha}i$ mRNA was significantly elevated during the butorphanol withdrawal. These results suggest that region-specific changes of G protein ${\alpha}-subunit$ mRNA were involved in the withdrawal from morphine and butorphanol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2001

In this study, we are studied the electrical conduction and dielectric breakdown properties of insulating varnish. In order to analyze the molecular structure and physical properties of insulating varnishs, FT-lR was used. As the result, it can be confirmed that the peak of alcoholic group appeared in wavenumbers 3452[cm$\^$-1], the peak of =CH appeared in 3080[cm$\^$-1] and the peak of -CH appeared in 2919[cm$\^$-1] respectively. The following results were obtained from electrical properties of insulating varnish. The amplitude of current density was decreased by thickness increasing and the current density was effected by the thermal energy from external due to temperature increasing. In study temperature dependence of dielectric strength, the specimen of 10[$\mu\textrm{m}$] thickness was measurement from room temperature to 180[$^{\circ}C$]. It is confirmed that the temperature regions below 60[$^{\circ}C$] is due to electron avalanche breakdown and the temperature regions over 60[$^{\circ}C$] is due to free volume breakdown which makes electron movements easy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.101-102
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• 2006

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films. $AgGaS_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-Insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were $590^{\circ}C$ and $440^{\circ}C$, respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $AgGaS_2$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, $E_g(T)=2.7284 eV-(8.695{\times}10^{-4} eV/K)T^2/(T+332 K)$. After the as-grown $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films was annealed in Ag-, S-, and Ga-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of $AgGaS_2$ single crystal thin films has been investigated by the photoluminescence(PL) at 10 K.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

Solution-cast films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyurethane (PU) containing polymeric styryl dye up to 5 % by weight were prepared to investigate their acid-sensitivity and mechanical and thermal properties. Original red samples due to styryl dye turned out yellow very rapidly as they were exposed to acid vapor of hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. According to UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements, characteristic peak intensities near 430 nm and 520 nm increased or decreased relatively with exposed amounts of acid, respectively. Both PMMA and PU samples showed uniform color distribution due to a good miscibility between polymer and dye which can be evidenced by measurements of glass transition temperature. No significant difference in acid-sensitivity was found between PU and PMMA except relative absorbance. However, dependence of their mechanical properties on dye content was somewhat different with PU or PMMA. In case of PMMA, modulus and breaking stress increased up to about 50 % with increasing dye content, whereas those of PU samples showed only slight increase. It was ascribed to whether the matrix polymer was in the glassy or rubbery state.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2020

Silicon surface nanostructures, which can be easily prepared by electrochemical etching, have attracted considerable attention because of its useful physical properties that facilitate application in diverse fields. In this work, electrochemical and electrochemical-scanning tunneling microscopic (EC-STM) techniques were employed to study the evolution of surface morphology during the electrochemical etching of Si(111)-H in a fluoride solution. The results exhibited that silicon oxide of the Si(111) surface was entirely stripped and then the surface became hydrogen terminated, atomically flat, and anisotropic in the fluoride solution during chemical etching. At the potential more negative than the flat band one, the surface had a tendency to be eroded very slowly, whereas the steps of the terrace were not only etched quickly but the triangular pits also deepened on anodic potentials. These results provided information on the conditions required for the preparation of porous nanostructures on the Si(111) surface, which may be applicable for sensor (or device) preparation (Nanotechnology and Functional Materials for Engineers, Elsevier 2017, pp. 67-91).

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

The process of flow through porous media is of interest a wide range of engineering fields and areas, and the importance of fluid flow with a change in phase arises from the fact that many industrial processes rely on these phenomena for materials process, energy transfer. Especially, the flow phenomena of cryogenic liquid subjected to evaporation is of interest to investigate how the cryogenic liquid behaves in the porous structure. In this study, thermo physical properties, morphological properties of the glass wool with different bulk densities in terms of its temperature-dependence and permeability behaviors under different applying pressure are discussed. Using the experimentally determined properties, characteristics of two main experimental results are investigated. In addition, simulation results are used to realize the cryogenic liquid's flow in porous media, and are compared with experimental results. By using the experimentally determined properties, more reasonable results can be suggested in dealing with porous media flow.