• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.49-67
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual model for predicting housing quality. Housing quality was measured in three ways: perceived quality about physical features of houses, perceived level of the quality in comparison with perceived average level I urban area and housing satisfaction. The specific objectives to achieve the purpose were ; 1) to measure the perceived quality about physical features of houses and perceived level of the quality in comparison with the perceived average level I urban 2) to measure the level of housing satisfaction 3) to clarify the causality between the composite variables of housing quality. A final instrument was developed through two stage pilot surveys. The respondents were 1292 homemakers of middle and high economic class in seoul and Daejeon, selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected during March and April, 1986, and analyzed using SPSS and SAS computer packages. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, F-test, Duncan's Multiple Range, x2, Cramer's V, Multiple linear Regression, Path analysis. The major finding were as follows; the variables significantly related to predict the housing quality were found. The simple, composite variables and 3 measures of housing quality were linked using path analysis, thereby a conceptual model predicting housing quality was suggested.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2016

본 연구는 해양레저스포츠 참여자의 호기심, 운동강도, 운동정서가 운동지속행동에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 규명하는데 목적이 있었다. 연구대상은 대학교 해양레저스포츠 교과목(스쿠버다이빙, 윈드서핑, 요트) 수강자 491명을 편의표집 하였다. 그들은 4종류의 설문지에 응답하였으며, 자료처리는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 기술분석, 신뢰도 분석이 실시되었으며, 연구모형의 타당성 검증을 위해 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석이 실시되었으며, 변인 간 인과적 관계 규명을 위해 구조방정식 모형 검증이 실시되었다. 구체적인 연구결과로는 첫째, 해양레저스포츠 최초 참여자의 호기심은 운동정서에 정적인 인과관계가 나타났으며, 운동정서는 운동지속행동에 정적인 인과관계가 확인되었으며, 호기심은 운동지속행동에 정적인 인관관계가 확인되었다. 또한, 운동정서는 호기심과 운동지속행동의 부분적인 매개변인으로 판명되었다. 둘째, 해양레저스포츠 최초 참여자의 운동강도가 높으면 긍정적 정서는 낮고, 부정적 정서는 높게 나오며, 운동강도가 높으면 운동지속행동의 가능성, 경향성, 강화성이 낮게 나타났으며, 운동정서가 긍정적이면 운동지속행동의 가능성, 경향성, 강화성이 높아 운동지속 의지가 높은 것으로 확인되었으며, 운동정서는 운동강도와 운동지속행동의 부분적인 매개변인으로 판명되었다.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제26권
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• pp.41-53
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• 2007

In the course of insurance claim administration, medical experts' opinions are called medical claim reviews. They are classified into two main categories: medical verification and counsel for claim staff. Medical verification compare between product coverage and the insured's physical condition. Medical counsel for claim staff is advice for claim staff when they have a question about medical knowledge to make a claim decision. A common example of medical verification is insurance coding of pituitary apoplexy. Some clinicians have insisted that the ICD coding of pituitary apoplexy is l63 of cerebral infarction, but the exclusion criteria of I code show that neoplasm is coded as C00 to D48. Thus, pituitary apoplexy must be coded as D33. An example of medical counsel for claim staff is interpretation of some medical conditions. It is divided into UCR(usual, customary, and reasonable) assessment, assessment of causality, and so on. Disability evaluation is another subject of medical counsel for claim staff. The final claim decision must be made by claim staff because only the claim staff have the authority of claim decision. Medical claims review is only an expert's opinion.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

This paper investigates the relationships between exports, firm size, and firm dynamics. It is based on a longitudinal data covering listed firms in the Korean manufacturing industry. We found the stylized fact that the probability that a firm is exporter increases with firm size. A regression model for the determinant of export/sales ratio including dynamic adjustment process is tested on a cross-section sample for the year 2001. Empirical findings suggest that there is a positive and inversely U-shaped relationship between firm size and export/sales ratio, just for basic material and capital good industry. Except for firm size, the hypotheses concerning human capital intensity, physical capital intensity, R&D intensity, and patent are rejected. Using Granger causality test, we found that the rate of growth of total sales influences the change of the export/sales ratio with time lag for medium-sized firms. Finally, some policy implications are presented.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.226-241
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to find out the causal perception of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to understand the typology. The Q-population consisted of 236 statements of causal perception were collected. Thirty eight Q-samples of causal perception were selected. The P-sample for this study were made up of 28 first visiting female rheumatoid arthritis patients from a rheumatoid arthritis specialty hospital. Each respondent responded Q-set of causal perception according to 9-point scale. The result of Q-sorting were coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. 1) Typological Observation on Causal Perception (1) Physical Fatigue Type : Type 1 perceived that the illness occurred due to excessive work requiring physical labor or strain that had occurred from not resting after excessive physical labor, therefore, thinking the origin of the illness was from physical strain. (2) Physical origin Type : Type 2 perceived that the major cause for the illness is not only excessive physical labour but also fecundity and old age. (3) Causality to Environment Type : Type 3 perceived that rheumatoid arthritis occurred from injury to the joints or bad and humid weather. (4) Conscience of Guilty Type : Type 4 consisted of people with guilty conscience for lack of religious commitment. They perceived that the illness was a punishment from God for not praying or because of bad luck. (5) Rationally Perceiving Type : People who belong in type 5 perceived the cause of illness in light of scientific facts such as genetics, unbalanced diet or lack of exercise. (6) Psychological Stress Type : People who belong in type 6 believed that excessive stress was the cause of the illness. 2) Emotions of Rheumatoid arthritis patients Rheumatoid arthritis patients' positive emotions included determination, courage, coping, acceptance, hope, and adoption ; and their negative emotions were prostration, worry, stupor, conflicts, grievance, giving-up, resignation, depression, loss, solitariness, fear, anxiety, avoidance, anger and loneliness. Rheumatoid arthritis patients experience different level of emotions from their suffering experience from the severe pains. Rheumatoid arthritis patients also experience negative emotions when they could not perform self-care and lose their self-esteem from painful suffering ; however, they regain positive emotions when they recover from pain with the use of drugs, physical therapy or exercise. Their emotional states are closely connected to level of and presence of pain.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

본 연구는 등산 이용에 따른 등산로 영향 관계의 이해를 통해 등산 이용에 의해 발생되는 영향지표를 설정하고, 실제 현장에서 각 지표의 영향수준을 평가할 목적으로 수행되었다. 문헌조사에 의해 생태적 영향 지표 3가지, 물리적 영향 지표 4가지, 사회적 영향 지표 5가지를 각각 이용영향 지표로 도출하였으며, 이를 이용하여 관악산 등산로를 대상으로 관측조사와 설문조사를 통해 각각의 영향수준을 측정하였다. 등산활동에 의한 생태적 영향으로 등산로 주변 식생교란은 나타났으나 귀화 및 외래식물에 의한 산림식생의 교란은 상대적으로 심하지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 등산로 노면의 경화, 노폭 확대 등 등산로의 물리적 환경에 대한 영향의 정도는 비교적 심한 것으로 관찰되었다. 사회적 영향 지표의 측정 결과, 관악산 등산로를 찾는 등산객들은 높은 혼잡과 조우 수준을 예상하고 방문하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 이로 인해 실제 현장에서 혼잡도 수준을 높게 느꼈음에도 불구, 전반적인 만족도 수준은 비교적 긍정적인 수준으로 나타났다. 관악산 등산로는 입지적 특성상 대도심권 생활권 등산로 유형으로 지속적이고 집중적인 이용특성으로 인해 등산로의 생태적, 물리적 환경에 대한 영향의 정도가 가중되고 있다. 사회적 영향은 현재까지는 양호한 것으로 나타나고 있으나 등산로 주변환경의 물리적, 생태적 환경이 악화된다면 이용객의 이용 만족도에도 악영향을 미치게 될 것이다. 이용경험의 질적 수준을 유지하기 위해서는 등산로 훼손지 복원과 같은 물리적, 생태적 환경의 개선과 더불어 등산문화 개선을 위한 관리노력 또한 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to investigate the causal perceptions and health seeking behaviors of Rheumatoid arthritis patients, define and understand the typology, and find the relationship between causal perceptions and health seeking behavioral types. There were six types(Physical Fatigue, Dispensation of Nature, Causality to Environment, Conscience of Guilty, Rationally perceiving, Psychological Stress) of subjective opinion about Causal Perceptions of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. And there were four types(Oriental medical Treatment, Information Seeking, Dietary Control. Western Medical Treatment) of subjective opinion about Health Seeking Behaviors. In the relationship between types of the causal perceptions and health seeking behaviors, oriental medical treatment and information seeking type were common health seeking behaviors of all six causal perception types. Only difference for internal causal perception types was related to hospital instructions and external causal perception types were related to dietary control. The result of this study can help health care providers, especially nurses to understand the types of causal perceptions and health seeking behaviors of Rheumatoid arthritis patients to gain treatment compliance from patients according to their causal perceptions of the illness, and use it to develop educational nursing intervention to aid health care.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to determine the effects of marketing factors on the long-term purchasing behavior regarding industrial goods, using data from wholesalers and retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - We used multiple regression analysis and 3-step regressions to investigate causality. We used 177 questionnaires targeting wholesalers and retailers of industrial goods. Results - First, long-term purchasing behavior is positively related only with advertising and marketing factors. Second, the relationship between marketing factors and brand value show that the physical environment, word-of-mouth advertising, and publicity are positively related, except advertising and sales promotion, respectively. Third, brand value and long-term purchasing behavior are positively related. Finally, brand value is not a mediator between marketing factors and long-term purchasing behavior. Conclusion - This study suggests that industrial goods providers should use marketing strategies that are different from those used in the consumer market. Further, if they want to maintain long-term relationships, they should increase their brand value.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권7호
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• pp.785-794
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• 2003

지금까지 가상 환경을 무대로 하는 게임 등에서 자연 현상의 처리는 시각적인 사실성에 치우친 그래픽 처리 위주로 연구되어져 왔다. 그러나 인과관계(causality)를 고려하지 않은 자연 현상들의 발생과 법칙에 기반하지 않은 현상들의 전개는 논리적 사실성을 감소시켜 사용자들의 몰입감을 떨어뜨린다. 본 논문에서는 자연 현상 중에서 태양복사(solar radiation)와 바람에 초점을 맞추어서, 이들의 다양하고 예측하기 어려운 발생과 전개과정을 시뮬레이션 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 ontology에 기반한 객체들의 구조를 살펴보고, 이들을 바탕으로 가상 환경을 구성하였을 때 가상 환경의 데이타를 관리하는 방안을 제시한다. 그리고 각 자연 현상 이벤트에 대한 과정을 단계별로 상세히 다루고, 나아가 객체가 정성적 변화를 하였을 때 상황을 처리하는 방법을 제시한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3507-3515
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• 1996

This paper presents an attempt to find the physical structure of dynamic systems which achieves the behavior of a given system function. The scheme pursued by the paper would be regarded as synthesizing dynamic systems, and a method to synthesize them analytically is proposed by means of bond graph prototypes. The method adopts several conceptsused to synthesize networks in the electrical field, but yet deconstrates its own strengths such as the freedom from assigning causality and determining junction types. Also, itis shown that this method has further advantages in reticulating a given specification into feedforward and feedback components relative to network synthesis and the method is examined though an example to trace the outline of the analytical synthesis of dynamic systems using bond graph prototypes.