• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.67-79
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• 2024

Attackers targeting critical infrastructure, such as energy plants, conduct intelligent and sophisticated attacks that conceal their traces until their objectives are achieved. Manipulating measurement data of cyber-physical systems, which are connected to the physical environment, directly impacts human safety. Given the unique characteristics of cyber-physical systems, a differentiated approach is necessary, distinct from traditional IT environment anomaly detection and identification methods. This study proposes a methodology that integrates both recursive filtering and an entropy-based approach to identify maliciously manipulated measurement data, considering the characteristics of cyber-physical systems. By applying the proposed approach to synthesized data based on a publicly available industrial control system security dataset in our research environment, the results demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying manipulated operational data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 1994

In recent years, the visual characteristics of natural open space and greenbelt surrounding the urban landscapes have been changed with sprawling of residential areas and highrised residential buildings. Since these natural areas being the background element of residential areas are topographically sloped mountains in many cities. It is easy to be seen in the distance and it is important to preserve these areas as a visual infrastructure of the urban landscape. The purposes of this study are to extract the factors of landscape impact evaluation for these areas and to clarify the physical landscape variables representing these factors, and to infer the visual-perceptional relationships between image and landscape variables. As results, conceptional three factors were extracted with semantic differential evaluation to classified 18 landscape slide, and three regression models were established with factor score of landscapes and physical variables measured in photographs. On the basis of these relationships, visual-perceptional characteristics were discussed by analyzing the data form eye-movement recording to each of landscapes. The factors of "spatial unfolding of backdropped hilly greenspace", "horizontal quence of residential buildings", and "landscape complexity" prove to be important. And it prove important variables of "skyline of mountainous ridge" and "visual edge of building structure" in regression models and eye fixation movements.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

Medical domain is very applicable for multi-agent system because medical information systems need much knowledge and close relationship with medical staff, In this paper, we describe design and implementation of an intelligent medical multi-agent platform that provides medical images'information services. This platform supports a physical environment that medical agents can be deployed following FIPA(Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agent)\`s agent management reference model. To use a variety of components on Windows, COM(Common Object Model) interfaces and XML(extensible Markup Language) for encoding ACL(Agent Communication Language) are used for multi-agent communications. Since many kinds of diverse and close relationships with medical staff) are essential, a medical staff is conceptualized as an agent and integrated with multi-agent systems. Also it provides an infrastructure applicable to share necessary knowledge between human agents and software agents in order to make intelligent medical information services easier.

• Architectural research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2015

In 2007, in the city of Chongqing, the city government announced a plan to meet the basic needs of its lower-to-middle class residents, namely those of providing a shelter and urban infrastructure. In one respect, the effort to attain such goals has achieved good quantitative results; however, a more critical examination reveals that little consideration has been given to analyzing the qualitative aspects of such a policy, namely the physical and emotional effects on tenants. The results of the research in this paper have implications on the need to focus on building a 'sustainable' and 'healthy' community, with the awareness that for people in low-rent areas, sociability and community spirit are more closely related to their neighborhood contentment. Although attention to scale and type of area-planning are both important, the immediate surroundings and services are often neglected, but as we shall show they are key considerations for residents in this new type of housing. While attempting to comprehend the role of community in the quality of a neighborhood, in this research, we attempt to document the physical appearance of the problem and explore its underlying causes in order to shed more light on residents' individual evaluations of quality in their local living conditions and include the affective dimensions of such perceptions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 2009

In Korea has been supplied a large quantities of apartments since 1970s. The deteriorated middle-rise apartments of 1970s' have been rebuilt. It isn't lucrative to reconstruct the high-rise Apartment estates of the early 1990s' new towns in the capital area. Therefore the sustainable regeneration strategies of them have to be found. This research have been focused on the social and economical changes based on demography and the turning of technology and paradigm, the cities competitiveness compared with 2nd era new towns, physical deterioration of themselves. In these aspects, high-rise apartment estates in the 1st new towns face to 10 challenges such as an aging society, a multicultural society, U-city, an environmentally-friendly situation, the cities competitiveness of social, conomical and physical environment, the declining of estates, buildings and units. This study analyzed problems of 1st new town apartment estates and suggested regeneration tasks in accordence with those problems. The tasks are as follows. To accommodate the 1st new town apartment estates to social changes, they need to have a variety of community facilities and units, an opportunity of esidents participation. to establish a self-sufficient economy, a community usiness has to be vitalized and an ecological environment, an infrastructure of u-city and an improvement of physical environment obtained.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.1661-1668
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• 2020

A physical protection system (PPS) is used for the protection of critical facilities. This paper proposes a structure analytic hierarchy approach (SAHA) for the hierarchical evaluation of the PPS effectiveness in critical infrastructure. SAHA is based on the traditional analysis methods "estimate of adversary sequence interruption, EASI". A community algorithm is used in the building of the SAHA model. SAHA is applied to cluster the associated protection elements for the topological design of complicated PPS with graphical vertexes equivalent to protection elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to consider activation methods of traditional markets in Jinju city through questionnaire and field survey. Research framework is summarized into two categories: physical environment and operation program. The results are as follows: 1) the gross profit on sales has been decreased continuously and the main causes of that have been recognized as insufficiency of parking lots and convenient facilities and deterioration of environment in spite of facilities modernization project; 2) consumers visited a traditional market because of proper price and reliance on goods, etc. However, they were not satisfied with the physical environment such as parking lots and resting spaces and the operation program such as cultural event and performance. In conclusion it was thought that activation methods of traditional market would be related to the improvement plan in the physical aspect such as parking lots, walkway, convenient and crime prevention facilities and in the operation program aspect such as cultural event, marketing, management consulting, information infrastructure, and delivery system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4703-4723
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• 2018

In recent years, dense small cell network has been deployed to address the challenge that has resulted from the unprecendented growth of mobile data traffic and users. It has proven to be a cost efficeient solution to offload traffic from macro-cells. Software defined heterogeneous wireless network can decouple the control plane from the data plane. The control signal goes through the macro-cell while the data traffic can be offloaded by small cells. In this paper, we propose a framework for cell virtualization and user association in order to satisfy versatile requirements of multiple tenants. In the proposed framework, we propose an interference graph partioning based virtual-cell association and customized physical-cell association for multi-homed users in a software defined small cell network. The proposed user association scheme includes 3 steps: initialization, virtual-cell association and physical-cell association. Simulation results show that the proposed virtual-cell association outperforms the other schemes. For physical-cell association, the results on resource utilization and user fairness are examined for mobile users and infrastructure providers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Due to the recent COVID 19 pandemic, public institutions are increasingly working from home. Working in public institutions is rapidly changing into a smart work environment where time and space constraints disappear. However, many public institutions currently lack a security model for an efficient smart work environment due to the physical network separation system that separates the Internet network and the business network. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the current limitations for implementing smart work in a physical network separation environment of public institutions, and propose a security model necessary for a work environment to supplement them. As a related study, explain SSL VPN and explain smart work business model through security model research of SDP (Software Defined Perimeter), RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol), and VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) to overcome the security limitations of SSL VPN. As a result, we intend to propose a security model for a smart work environment suitable for public institutions while complying with the physical network separation security guide.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Recently, a method that applies laser scanning (LS) that acquires vegetation information such as the vegetation habitat area and the size of vegetation in a point cloud format has been proposed. When LS is used to investigate the physical shape of vegetation, it has the advantage of more accurate and rapid information acquisition. However, to examine uncertainties that may arise during measurement or post-processing, the process of adjusting the data by the actual data is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the physical structure of stems, branches, and leaves of woody vegetation in an artificially formed river channel was manually investigated. The obtained results then compared with the information acquired using the three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning (3D TLS) method, which repeatedly scanned the target vegetation in various directions to obtain relevant information with improved precision. The analysis demonstrated a negligible difference between the measurements for the diameters of vegetation and the length of stems; however, in the case of branch length measurement, a relatively more significant difference was observed. It is because the implementation of point cloud information limits the precise differentiation between branches and leaves in the canopy area.